{"id":"https://openalex.org/W777914474","doi":null,"title":"SPATIO-TEMPORAL DYNAMICS OF BIOMES IN THE NORTHWESTERN UNITED STATES (9000 YBP TO THE PRESENT)","display_name":"SPATIO-TEMPORAL DYNAMICS OF BIOMES IN THE NORTHWESTERN UNITED STATES (9000 YBP TO THE PRESENT)","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W777914474","mag":"777914474"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarworks.umt.edu:etd-1926","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/907","pdf_url":"https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/907","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190740074","display_name":"The Mathematics Enthusiast","issn_l":"1551-3440","issn":["1551-3440"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers","raw_type":"thesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/907","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036600433","display_name":"Christopher Caleb Stump","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6750721","display_name":"University of Montana","ror":"https://ror.org/0078xmk34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6750721"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Christopher Caleb Stump","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Montana ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Montana ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6750721"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036600433"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6750721"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10017","display_name":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","score":0.8823000192642212,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10017","display_name":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","score":0.8823000192642212,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10005","display_name":"Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies","score":0.04010000079870224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2309","display_name":"Nature and Landscape Conservation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13102","display_name":"Soil and Environmental Studies","score":0.022299999371170998,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/paleovegetation","display_name":"paleovegetation","score":0.7250000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pollen-analysis","display_name":"pollen analysis","score":0.7080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vegetation-dynamics","display_name":"vegetation dynamics","score":0.593999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forests","display_name":"forests","score":0.6449999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grassland","display_name":"grassland","score":0.8920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steppe-ecosystems","display_name":"steppe ecosystems","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-gradients","display_name":"environmental gradients","score":0.5550000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/northwestern-united-states","display_name":"northwestern United States","score":0.7990000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/holocene","display_name":"Holocene","score":0.652999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/species-distribution","display_name":"species distribution","score":0.38100001215934753}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89920630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101998","display_name":"Biome","level":3,"score":0.7190633416175842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.3920556306838989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3870050609111786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.21632227301597595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110872660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37813","display_name":"Ecosystem","level":2,"score":0.1431676745414734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.07194456458091736}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarworks.umt.edu:etd-1926","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/907","pdf_url":"https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/907","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190740074","display_name":"The Mathematics Enthusiast","issn_l":"1551-3440","issn":["1551-3440"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers","raw_type":"thesis"},{"id":"mag:777914474","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarworks.umt.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1926&context=etd","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarworks.umt.edu:etd-1926","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/907","pdf_url":"https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/907","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190740074","display_name":"The Mathematics Enthusiast","issn_l":"1551-3440","issn":["1551-3440"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers","raw_type":"thesis"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9599999785423279,"display_name":"Life on land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310589","display_name":"University of Montana","ror":"https://ror.org/0078xmk34"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332478","display_name":"U.S. Forest Service","ror":"https://ror.org/03zmjc935"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W777914474.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W777914474.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":103,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W41139122","https://openalex.org/W238790433","https://openalex.org/W573953057","https://openalex.org/W591156577","https://openalex.org/W1234310979","https://openalex.org/W1501589010","https://openalex.org/W1536154287","https://openalex.org/W1541249761","https://openalex.org/W1564405301","https://openalex.org/W1589714887","https://openalex.org/W1590607613","https://openalex.org/W1606539395","https://openalex.org/W1620829297","https://openalex.org/W1657857965","https://openalex.org/W1761349982","https://openalex.org/W1825313906","https://openalex.org/W1934430962","https://openalex.org/W1963559466","https://openalex.org/W1964996721","https://openalex.org/W1969139249","https://openalex.org/W1973192023","https://openalex.org/W1980775410","https://openalex.org/W1981657748","https://openalex.org/W1991727646","https://openalex.org/W1993499995","https://openalex.org/W2002716813","https://openalex.org/W2003501861","https://openalex.org/W2010530988","https://openalex.org/W2017629500","https://openalex.org/W2022036700","https://openalex.org/W2023847064","https://openalex.org/W2024863713","https://openalex.org/W2027111555","https://openalex.org/W2032758585","https://openalex.org/W2050111028","https://openalex.org/W2055740081","https://openalex.org/W2058293915","https://openalex.org/W2062745754","https://openalex.org/W2070308933","https://openalex.org/W2070338079","https://openalex.org/W2082361192","https://openalex.org/W2084109387","https://openalex.org/W2086625984","https://openalex.org/W2088587468","https://openalex.org/W2091671893","https://openalex.org/W2092929703","https://openalex.org/W2093376339","https://openalex.org/W2094037679","https://openalex.org/W2094476767","https://openalex.org/W2094702637","https://openalex.org/W2094731293","https://openalex.org/W2099053943","https://openalex.org/W2099358694","https://openalex.org/W2102295164","https://openalex.org/W2103475795","https://openalex.org/W2110901606","https://openalex.org/W2111698043","https://openalex.org/W2114319241","https://openalex.org/W2114689794","https://openalex.org/W2116579855","https://openalex.org/W2118304384","https://openalex.org/W2123128218","https://openalex.org/W2123226885","https://openalex.org/W2125687545","https://openalex.org/W2125997294","https://openalex.org/W2126435957","https://openalex.org/W2130634922","https://openalex.org/W2130877451","https://openalex.org/W2133470535","https://openalex.org/W2138603528","https://openalex.org/W2140870396","https://openalex.org/W2140882174","https://openalex.org/W2150352749","https://openalex.org/W2152825437","https://openalex.org/W2156840656","https://openalex.org/W2159374749","https://openalex.org/W2163035247","https://openalex.org/W2163227804","https://openalex.org/W2164185981","https://openalex.org/W2167506206","https://openalex.org/W2167941657","https://openalex.org/W2167959389","https://openalex.org/W2168517632","https://openalex.org/W2169114107","https://openalex.org/W2169376470","https://openalex.org/W2171420618","https://openalex.org/W2176020666","https://openalex.org/W2176478590","https://openalex.org/W2244284374","https://openalex.org/W2272473773","https://openalex.org/W2281688797","https://openalex.org/W2293774593","https://openalex.org/W2314549965","https://openalex.org/W2315735524","https://openalex.org/W2326723277","https://openalex.org/W2330243126","https://openalex.org/W2474523211","https://openalex.org/W2500129771","https://openalex.org/W2738612695","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W3021229251","https://openalex.org/W3203226468","https://openalex.org/W4243424978"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2964944471","https://openalex.org/W2171420618","https://openalex.org/W7097252694","https://openalex.org/W2480559470","https://openalex.org/W2064485518","https://openalex.org/W4246330351","https://openalex.org/W7169569166","https://openalex.org/W2105357870","https://openalex.org/W4412511926","https://openalex.org/W2052593902"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,34,69,122],"goal":[1],"of":[2,14,59,61,93,154],"this":[3],"study":[4],"was":[5],"to":[6,55,105,139],"quantitatively":[7],"analyze":[8],"and":[9,17,28,53,96,98,111,132],"map":[10],"the":[11,21,26,30,57,86,107,116,145],"vegetation":[12,51,142],"composition":[13],"forest,":[15],"grassland,":[16],"steppe":[18],"ecosystems":[19],"in":[20,25],"northwestern":[22,146],"United":[23,147],"States":[24,148],"present":[27,66],"through":[29,149],"last":[31,87],"9,000":[32],"years.":[33,89],"modern":[35,50,110],"analysis":[36,40,71],"used":[37,72,104],"canonical":[38],"correspondence":[39],"(CCA)":[41],"on":[42,65,77],"pollen":[43,83,101,113],"percentages":[44,84,102],"from":[45,85,126],"recent":[46],"sediment":[47],"cores":[48],"reflecting":[49],"assemblages":[52],"climates":[54],"evaluate":[56],"amount":[58],"influence":[60],"selected":[62],"environmental":[63,94,156],"variables":[64],"species":[67],"distributions.":[68],"fossil":[70,112],"non-metric":[73],"multi-dimensional":[74],"scaling":[75],"(NMDS)":[76],"a":[78],"merged":[79],"database":[80],"containing":[81],"relative":[82],"9000":[88],"A":[90],"predefined":[91],"list":[92],"parameters":[95],"floristically":[97],"ecologically":[99],"important":[100],"were":[103,130],"measure":[106],"dissimilarity":[108],"between":[109],"regimes":[114],"over":[115],"region":[117],"at":[118],"specific":[119],"time":[120],"periods.":[121],"numeric":[123],"values":[124],"obtained":[125],"both":[127],"statistical":[128],"analyses":[129],"interpolated":[131],"mapped":[133],"via":[134],"Geographic":[135],"Information":[136],"Systems":[137],"(GIS)":[138],"display":[140],"major":[141],"types":[143],"throughout":[144],"time,":[150],"allowing":[151],"visual":[152],"assessment":[153],"changing":[155],"gradients.":[157]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}