{"id":"https://openalex.org/W77732008","doi":null,"title":"Validation project of alternatives for the Draize eye test.","display_name":"Validation project of alternatives for the Draize eye test.","publication_year":1987,"publication_date":"1987-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W77732008","mag":"77732008","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3509706"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:3509706","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3509706","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Molecular toxicology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024113928","display_name":"Sabine Kalweit","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S Kalweit","raw_affiliation_strings":["Max von Pettenkofer-Institut, Federal Health Office (BGA), Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max von Pettenkofer-Institut, Federal Health Office (BGA), Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018903051","display_name":"Ingrid Gerner","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"I Gerner","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079990086","display_name":"Horst Spielmann","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H Spielmann","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1873,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68753344,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"4","first_page":"597","last_page":"603"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12281","display_name":"Animal testing and alternatives","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3404","display_name":"Small Animals"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/34","display_name":"Veterinary"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12281","display_name":"Animal testing and alternatives","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3404","display_name":"Small Animals"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/34","display_name":"Veterinary"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14072","display_name":"Immunotoxicology and immune responses","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10433","display_name":"Carcinogens and Genotoxicity Assessment","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1306","display_name":"Cancer Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/draize-eye-test","display_name":"Draize eye test","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alternatives-to-animal-testing","display_name":"alternatives to animal testing","score":0.8980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-irritation","display_name":"eye irritation","score":0.7990000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/het-cam-assay","display_name":"HET-CAM assay","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chorioallantoic-membrane","display_name":"chorioallantoic membrane","score":0.8140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interlaboratory-validation","display_name":"interlaboratory validation","score":0.7009999752044678}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6928259134292603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94709252","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570628","display_name":"Ball grid array","level":3,"score":0.45916470885276794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.36624589562416077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.343869149684906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.20289641618728638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.12129753828048706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50296614","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211387","display_name":"Soldering","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000482","descriptor_name":"Allantois","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000826","descriptor_name":"Animal Testing Alternatives","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002470","descriptor_name":"Cell Survival","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002478","descriptor_name":"Cells, Cultured","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002645","descriptor_name":"Chickens","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002823","descriptor_name":"Chorion","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007509","descriptor_name":"Irritants","qualifier_ui":"Q000633","qualifier_name":"toxicity","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014116","descriptor_name":"Toxicology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D051379","descriptor_name":"Mice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:3509706","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3509706","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Molecular toxicology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:77732008","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3509706","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.46810001134872437,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2014258054","https://openalex.org/W2084279834","https://openalex.org/W2038123580","https://openalex.org/W2484766859","https://openalex.org/W7009352625","https://openalex.org/W2072638270","https://openalex.org/W3163220855","https://openalex.org/W2072661779","https://openalex.org/W2462142770","https://openalex.org/W1982381849"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,37,119,137,146],"Federal":[1],"Health":[2,88],"Office":[3,89],"(BGA)":[4],"has":[5],"started":[6],"in":[7,94],"June":[8],"1988":[9],"a":[10,111,150],"national":[11],"interlaboratory":[12],"study":[13,42,107,139],"to":[14,17,44,52,73,106,124,155],"validate":[15,45],"alternatives":[16],"the":[18,27,46,57,65,76,84,95,99,129,158,161,164,169],"Draize":[19,170],"test.":[20,171],"It":[21],"is":[22,43,81,122,140],"supported":[23],"by":[24,83],"grants":[25],"of":[26,29,34,39,48,113,131,160],"Department":[28],"Research":[30],"and":[31,64,101,116,154,163],"Technology":[32],"(BMFT)":[33],"West":[35,85],"Germany.":[36],"aim":[38],"this":[40],"collaborative":[41,138],"classification":[47],"chemicals":[49],"with":[50,110],"regard":[51],"their":[53],"irritation":[54],"potential":[55],"using":[56],"neutral":[58],"red/kenacid":[59],"blue":[60],"(NR/KB)":[61],"cytotoxicity":[62],"assay":[63,166],"hen's":[66],"egg":[67],"test-chorioallantoic":[68],"membrane":[69],"(HET-CAM)":[70],"assay,":[71],"according":[72],"L\u00fcpke.":[74],"Under":[75],"current":[77],"research":[78,103],"scheme,":[79],"which":[80],"coordinated":[82],"German":[86],"Public":[87],"(BGA),":[90],"14":[91],"toxicology":[92],"laboratories":[93],"chemical":[96],"industry,":[97],"universities,":[98],"BGA,":[100],"other":[102],"institutions":[104],"are":[105],"44":[108],"substances":[109],"variety":[112],"chemical,":[114],"biochemical,":[115],"toxicological":[117],"characteristics.":[118],"validation":[120],"test":[121,135],"intended":[123],"provide":[125],"comparative":[126],"data":[127],"for":[128],"development":[130],"an":[132],"alternative":[133],"routine":[134,143],"scheme.":[136],"performed":[141],"under":[142],"laboratory":[144],"conditions.":[145],"results":[147,159],"should":[148],"allow":[149],"decision":[151],"on":[152],"whether":[153],"what":[156],"extent":[157],"NR/KB":[162],"HET-CAM":[165],"can":[167],"replace":[168]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}