{"id":"https://openalex.org/W77671747","doi":null,"title":"False memories and fuzzy-trace theory: Misinforming gist versus verbatim memory","display_name":"False memories and fuzzy-trace theory: Misinforming gist versus verbatim memory","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W77671747","mag":"77671747"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/264412","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10150/264412","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400271","display_name":"UA Campus Repository (The University of Arizona)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I138006243","host_organization_name":"University of Arizona","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic)"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075996612","display_name":"Allison L. Titcomb","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Allison L. Titcomb","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5075996612"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10918","display_name":"Memory Processes and Influences","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10918","display_name":"Memory Processes and Influences","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.004900000058114529,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12268","display_name":"Deception detection and forensic psychology","score":0.002199999988079071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-memory","display_name":"false memory","score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-trace-theory","display_name":"fuzzy-trace theory","score":0.9509999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/misinformation","display_name":"misinformation","score":0.7699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gist-memory","display_name":"gist memory","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/verbatim-memory","display_name":"verbatim memory","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/misleading-information","display_name":"misleading information","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recognition-memory","display_name":"recognition memory","score":0.7609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memory-confidence","display_name":"memory confidence","score":0.652999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forgetting","display_name":"forgetting","score":0.5659999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eyewitness-testimony","display_name":"eyewitness testimony","score":0.8090000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/misinformation-acceptance","display_name":"misinformation acceptance","score":0.4269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrepancy-detection","display_name":"discrepancy detection","score":0.6259999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blocking","display_name":"blocking","score":0.36500000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrimination","display_name":"discrimination","score":0.5669999718666077}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775922572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83567","display_name":"GiST","level":3,"score":0.652540922164917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.5818036794662476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75291252","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1315756","display_name":"TRACE (psycholinguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4846494793891907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4823545813560486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4040125012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3649342656135559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.33155393600463867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.15406563878059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.1242886483669281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.09772038459777832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16930146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4381253","display_name":"Stromal cell","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/264412","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10150/264412","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400271","display_name":"UA Campus Repository (The University of Arizona)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I138006243","host_organization_name":"University of Arizona","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic)"},{"id":"mag:77671747","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://arizona.openrepository.com/arizona/bitstream/10150/264412/1/azu_td_9713357_sip1_m.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W132880557","https://openalex.org/W172773469","https://openalex.org/W1489667403","https://openalex.org/W1981117677","https://openalex.org/W2000271169","https://openalex.org/W2005007198","https://openalex.org/W2011955749","https://openalex.org/W2020654904","https://openalex.org/W2023594914","https://openalex.org/W2026490123","https://openalex.org/W2027121124","https://openalex.org/W2032343072","https://openalex.org/W2040331397","https://openalex.org/W2044874471","https://openalex.org/W2045471244","https://openalex.org/W2049616015","https://openalex.org/W2058704270","https://openalex.org/W2074614655","https://openalex.org/W2077395534","https://openalex.org/W2087663332","https://openalex.org/W2088720311","https://openalex.org/W2092730676","https://openalex.org/W2094864672","https://openalex.org/W2113751582","https://openalex.org/W2121417887","https://openalex.org/W2122393266","https://openalex.org/W2128404853","https://openalex.org/W2153790238","https://openalex.org/W2490783770","https://openalex.org/W2999853468","https://openalex.org/W3020917959","https://openalex.org/W4238155798"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2011309813","https://openalex.org/W2074643269","https://openalex.org/W2344079375","https://openalex.org/W2051999196","https://openalex.org/W2113751582","https://openalex.org/W7026949589","https://openalex.org/W3161194800","https://openalex.org/W58933885","https://openalex.org/W3088929331","https://openalex.org/W2057469000"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Most":[0],"misinformation":[1,102,108,114,264,306],"studies":[2,43],"have":[3],"tested":[4,77],"memory":[5,56,75,94,134,274,279],"for":[6,135,163,173,247,275,280,327],"altered":[7],"details":[8,34],"of":[9,23,84,91,166,179,189,207,215,252,256,260,287,300,333],"an":[10,48,276],"event":[11,277],"(e.g.,":[12,303,310],"stop":[13],"sign,":[14],"wrench,":[15],"swing":[16],"set).":[17],"This":[18],"study":[19],"varied":[20],"the":[21,85,89,92,125,185,193,205,240,271,285,331],"type":[22,286],"misleading":[24,51,86,157,167,208,281],"information":[25,87,209,282],"to":[26,147],"include":[27,330],"consistent":[28,33,211,248],"gist,":[29],"inconsistent":[30,38,217],"gist":[31,290],"and":[32,53,74,88,103,109,115,143,160,177,232,262,278,314],"as":[35,37],"well":[36],"(or":[39],"altered)":[40],"details.":[41],"Misinformation":[42,67],"follow":[44],"a":[45,54,64,71,79],"three-stage":[46],"procedure:":[47],"initial":[49,126],"event,":[50],"information,":[52,288],"final":[55,93,130],"test.":[57,81,118],"Here,":[58],"too,":[59],"adult":[60],"participants":[61],"initially":[62],"observed":[63],"slide":[65,127],"sequence.":[66],"was":[68,76,121],"embedded":[69],"in":[70,97,184,293,298,320],"comprehension":[72],"test":[73,95,132],"with":[78,199],"recognition":[80,105,111,117,131,255,259],"The":[82,119,129,317],"timing":[83,90],"resulted":[96],"three":[98],"between-subjects":[99],"levels:":[100],"Immediate":[101,104,107],"test,":[106,112],"Delayed":[110,113,116],"delay":[120],"one":[122],"week":[123],"after":[124],"observation.":[128],"queried":[133],"what":[136,144],"subjects":[137,155,225],"saw":[138],"(a":[139,150],"Yes-No":[140,230],"\"verbatim\"":[141,231],"task)":[142],"they":[145],"believed":[146],"be":[148],"true":[149],"True-False":[151,233],"gist-based":[152],"judgment).":[153],"All":[154],"judged":[156],"items":[158,162,218],"(lures)":[159],"original":[161],"each":[164,174],"kind":[165],"information.":[168],"Subjects":[169],"also":[170],"rated":[171],"confidence":[172,195],"answer.":[175],"Descriptions":[176],"examples":[178],"all":[180],"stimuli":[181],"are":[182,296],"provided":[183],"Appendices.":[186],"An":[187],"analysis":[188],"variance":[190],"conducted":[191],"on":[192,284],"signed":[194],"data":[196],"(judgment":[197],"combined":[198],"confidence)":[200],"revealed":[201,269],"significant":[202,263],"differences":[203,228],"among":[204],"types":[206],"(gist":[210],"had":[212],"highest":[213],"rates":[214],"recognition,":[216],"were":[219,226,237,244],"rejected":[220],"but":[221,243],"less":[222],"so":[223],"when":[224],"misled),":[227],"between":[229,273],"judgments":[234],"(truth":[235],"ratings":[236,242],"greater":[238],"than":[239],"verbatim":[241],"equally":[245],"high":[246],"gist),":[249],"different":[250],"effects":[251],"forgetting":[253],"(decreased":[254],"originals,":[257],"increased":[258],"lures),":[261],"effects.":[265],"Memory":[266],"dependency":[267],"analyses":[268],"that":[270],"relationship":[272],"depends":[283],"whether":[289],"or":[291],"detail":[292],"nature.":[294],"Results":[295],"discussed":[297],"terms":[299],"storage":[301],"explanations":[302],"discrepancy":[304],"detection,":[305],"acceptance),":[307],"retrieval":[308],"accounts":[309],"coexistence,":[311],"blocking,":[312],"discrimination)":[313],"fuzzy-trace":[315,324],"theory.":[316,325],"conclusions":[318],"support,":[319],"general,":[321],"predictions":[322],"from":[323],"Implications":[326],"eyewitness":[328],"testimony":[329],"importance":[332],"early,":[334],"neutral":[335],"questioning.":[336]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}