{"id":"https://openalex.org/W77447615","doi":null,"title":"[Resistance to antiretroviral therapy].","display_name":"[Resistance to antiretroviral therapy].","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W77447615","mag":"77447615","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15649117"},"language":"es","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:15649117","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15649117","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Farmacia hospitalaria : organo oficial de expresion cientifica de la Sociedad Espanola de Farmacia Hospitalaria","raw_type":"English Abstract"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043064448","display_name":"A. Alberdi Leniz","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115097","display_name":"Hospital Cl\u00ednic de Barcelona","ror":"https://ror.org/02a2kzf50","country_code":"ES","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115097"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A Alberdi Leniz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Servicio de Farmacia, Hospital Cl\u00ednic i Provincial, 08036 Barcelona. alberdi.leniz@cofb.net"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Servicio de Farmacia, Hospital Cl\u00ednic i Provincial, 08036 Barcelona. alberdi.leniz@cofb.net","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115097"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012316906","display_name":"M Tuset Creus","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M Tuset Creus","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100496614","display_name":"Maite Mart\u00edn Conde","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M Mart\u00edn Conde","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013329216","display_name":"Elena del Cacho","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E del Cacho del Cacho","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"M Nigorra Caro","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M Nigorra Caro","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113072434","display_name":"C. Codina Jan\u00e9","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C Codina Jan\u00e9","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111971807","display_name":"Josep Ribas Sala","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J Ribas I Sala","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2106,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.561305,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"6 Suppl 1","first_page":"55","last_page":"71"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10526","display_name":"HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10526","display_name":"HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10570","display_name":"Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10082","display_name":"HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiv-drug-resistance","display_name":"HIV drug resistance","score":0.8920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antiretroviral-therapy","display_name":"antiretroviral therapy","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virologic-failure","display_name":"virological failure","score":0.875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resistance-mutations","display_name":"resistance mutations","score":0.5519999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypersusceptibility","display_name":"hypersusceptibility","score":0.7310000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resistance-testing","display_name":"resistance testing","score":0.5270000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genotyping","display_name":"genotyping","score":0.47699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phenotyping","display_name":"phenotyping","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pharmacokinetic-monitoring","display_name":"pharmacokinetic monitoring","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pharmacodynamic-monitoring","display_name":"pharmacodynamic monitoring","score":0.9169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/viral-life-cycle","display_name":"viral life cycle","score":0.4819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virus-subtypes","display_name":"viral subtypes","score":0.6129999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-adherence","display_name":"medication adherence","score":0.5929999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-polymorphism","display_name":"genetic polymorphism","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-interactions","display_name":"drug interactions","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resistance-patterns","display_name":"resistance patterns","score":0.492000013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/role-of-pharmacists","display_name":"pharmacist role","score":0.6420000195503235}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15708023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80083","display_name":"Humanities","level":1,"score":0.6051648259162903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3013748606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15787","display_name":"Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)","level":2,"score":0.5811960697174072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993143319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583050","display_name":"Antiretroviral therapy","level":4,"score":0.44437074661254883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.38673722743988037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.3044424057006836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142462285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2528140","display_name":"Viral load","level":3,"score":0.07935333251953125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.07074514031410217}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015658","descriptor_name":"HIV Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D024882","descriptor_name":"Drug Resistance, Viral","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D044966","descriptor_name":"Anti-Retroviral Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:15649117","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15649117","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Farmacia hospitalaria : organo oficial de expresion cientifica de la Sociedad Espanola de Farmacia Hospitalaria","raw_type":"English Abstract"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9907000064849854,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Systematic Review","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":61,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W54536359","https://openalex.org/W1524659766","https://openalex.org/W1576999979","https://openalex.org/W1582887581","https://openalex.org/W1970307257","https://openalex.org/W1980843502","https://openalex.org/W1986215651","https://openalex.org/W1990584242","https://openalex.org/W1991859498","https://openalex.org/W1991936963","https://openalex.org/W2000488513","https://openalex.org/W2003623971","https://openalex.org/W2016885534","https://openalex.org/W2019691224","https://openalex.org/W2020077968","https://openalex.org/W2021877795","https://openalex.org/W2028196157","https://openalex.org/W2029777156","https://openalex.org/W2032471469","https://openalex.org/W2036923252","https://openalex.org/W2037228579","https://openalex.org/W2040143404","https://openalex.org/W2048336729","https://openalex.org/W2052200516","https://openalex.org/W2059566597","https://openalex.org/W2068781101","https://openalex.org/W2069820433","https://openalex.org/W2075881901","https://openalex.org/W2078929483","https://openalex.org/W2083387456","https://openalex.org/W2085595259","https://openalex.org/W2090828745","https://openalex.org/W2096290753","https://openalex.org/W2102351707","https://openalex.org/W2103232388","https://openalex.org/W2103737563","https://openalex.org/W2108723265","https://openalex.org/W2127921106","https://openalex.org/W2134713579","https://openalex.org/W2136873830","https://openalex.org/W2137795402","https://openalex.org/W2137947853","https://openalex.org/W2139266935","https://openalex.org/W2140517453","https://openalex.org/W2147493587","https://openalex.org/W2153990626","https://openalex.org/W2154669635","https://openalex.org/W2155449170","https://openalex.org/W2159236259","https://openalex.org/W2165992764","https://openalex.org/W2170219825","https://openalex.org/W2275095202","https://openalex.org/W2314626369","https://openalex.org/W2321421545","https://openalex.org/W2321460134","https://openalex.org/W2330399120","https://openalex.org/W2334590341","https://openalex.org/W2433966133","https://openalex.org/W2469344305","https://openalex.org/W2523858283","https://openalex.org/W3105329056"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2034831944","https://openalex.org/W1974785808","https://openalex.org/W7054563558","https://openalex.org/W2256036110","https://openalex.org/W2732464955","https://openalex.org/W2190904916","https://openalex.org/W4416591514","https://openalex.org/W101188185","https://openalex.org/W15969640","https://openalex.org/W4247245150"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OVERVIEW:":[0],"After":[1],"some":[2],"time":[3],"under":[4],"treatment,":[5],"HIV+":[6],"patients":[7,36,52],"have":[8],"a":[9],"virologic":[10,28],"failure":[11,365],"rate":[12],"of":[13,17,26,45,51,60,78,112,118,127,140,168,181,201,282,310,358,366,373,378,394,414],"50%,":[14],"being":[15],"development":[16,77,180,309],"resistance":[18,32,138,169,182,189,219,245,257,311,313,322,341,379],"to":[19,24,64,84,153,183,186,220,228,238,248,252,324,344,380,387,406],"therapy":[20,61,120,413],"responsible":[21,243,339],"for":[22,170,244,293,340,352,396],"up":[23],"80%":[25],"the":[27,72,76,113,125,137,150,164,179,198,290,299,308,325,333,348,356,362,374,390,412],"failure.":[29],"In":[30,267],"addition,":[31],"rates":[33],"in":[34,40,75,178,250,307,411],"naive":[35],"is":[37,121],"around":[38],"10%":[39],"developed":[41],"countries.":[42],"Inherent":[43],"characteristics":[44],"HIV":[46],"(replication":[47],"cycle,":[48],"viral":[49,240],"subtype),":[50],"(therapy":[53],"compliance,":[54],"intra-/interindividual":[55],"variability,":[56],"genetic":[57],"polymorphisms),":[58],"and":[59,80,98,115,129,162,166,185,213,222,272,275,286,312,350,355,376,392],"(genetic":[62],"barrier":[63],"drug":[65,69,146,328],"resistance,":[66,79,128],"inhibitory":[67],"ratio,":[68],"interactions)":[70],"are":[71],"factors":[73,176,305],"involved":[74,177,306],"their":[81,99,157],"interpretation":[82],"requires":[83],"be":[85,90,234,404],"studied.":[86],"Resistance":[87],"identification":[88,258],"will":[89,148,384],"carried":[91],"out":[92],"using":[93,196],"genotypical":[94],"and/or":[95,155],"phenotypical":[96],"methods,":[97],"adequacy":[100],"has":[101],"been":[102],"validated":[103],"by":[104,337],"various":[105,188,326],"expert":[106],"panels":[107],"on":[108,208,211,218,321,361],"resistance.":[109],"The":[110,316],"role":[111,410],"pharmacokinetic":[114],"pharmacodynamic":[116],"monitoring":[117],"antiretroviral":[119,145,172,327,346,382],"also":[122,261],"crucial":[123],"within":[124],"field":[126],"concerns":[130],"us":[131,386],"directly":[132],"as":[133],"pharmacists.":[134],"Finally,":[135],"understanding":[136],"patterns":[139,167,323,377],"currently":[141],"available":[142],"or":[143,246,342,364],"experimental":[144],"families":[147],"provide":[149],"necessary":[151],"tools":[152],"prevent":[154],"manage":[156],"development.":[158],"OBJECTIVES:":[159],"To":[160,174,233],"know":[161],"understand":[163,389],"mechanisms":[165,335,375],"each":[171,345,353,359,381],"family.":[173],"identify":[175],"ART,":[184],"interpret":[187],"tests.":[190],"SEARCH":[191],"STRATEGY:":[192],"Studies":[193],"were":[194,260,280],"identified":[195],"Medline,":[197],"Cochrane":[199],"database":[200],"systemic":[202],"reviews,":[203],"abstracts":[204,274,288],"from":[205,225],"international":[206,216,278],"meetings":[207,217,279],"AIDS,":[209],"Conference":[210],"Retroviruses":[212],"Opportunistic":[214],"Infections,":[215],"antiretrovirals,":[221],"product":[223],"monographs":[224],"January":[226],"1999":[227],"February":[229],"2004.":[230],"SELECTION":[231],"CRITERIA:":[232],"eligible,":[235],"studies":[236],"had":[237],"describe":[239],"genome":[241],"mutations":[242,338],"hypersusceptibility":[247,343],"ART":[249],"relation":[251],"precipitating":[253],"factors.":[254],"Papers":[255],"describing":[256],"techniques":[259],"selected.":[262],"DATA":[263],"COLLECTION":[264],"AND":[265],"ANALYSIS:":[266],"all,":[268],"1,083":[269],"full":[270],"articles":[271,285],"64":[273],"communications":[276],"at":[277],"retrieved,":[281],"which":[283],"74":[284],"20":[287],"met":[289],"inclusion":[291],"criteria":[292],"our":[294],"review.":[295],"PRIMARY":[296],"RESULTS:":[297],"Of":[298],"94":[300],"reports":[301,319],"selected,":[302],"86":[303],"discussed":[304],"test":[314],"interpretation.":[315],"remaining":[317],"8":[318],"focused":[320],"families.":[329],"Every":[330],"article":[331],"described":[332],"enzymatic":[334],"induced":[336],"family,":[347],"classification":[349],"nomenclature":[351],"mutation,":[354],"influence":[357],"mutation":[360],"success":[363],"patient":[367],"treatment.":[368],"REVIEWER":[369],"S":[370],"CONCLUSIONS:":[371],"Knowledge":[372],"family":[383],"allow":[385],"overall":[388],"evolution":[391],"outcome":[393],"treatment":[395],"any":[397],"given":[398],"patient.":[399],"Only":[400],"thus":[401],"shall":[402],"we":[403],"able":[405],"play":[407],"an":[408],"integral":[409],"patients.":[415]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
