{"id":"https://openalex.org/W773890361","doi":null,"title":"Immune and metabolic changes leading to diabetes","display_name":"Immune and metabolic changes leading to diabetes","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W773890361","mag":"773890361"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:773890361","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.566643","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113534935","display_name":"Mohammed Iqbal Hawa","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed I. Hawa","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5113534935"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11171","display_name":"Diabetes and associated disorders","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11171","display_name":"Diabetes and associated disorders","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10839","display_name":"Pancreatic function and diabetes","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10528","display_name":"Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-1-diabetes","display_name":"type 1 diabetes","score":0.9290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-2-diabetes","display_name":"type 2 diabetes","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunological-changes","display_name":"immunological changes","score":0.5809999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metabolic-changes","display_name":"metabolic changes","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ia-2-antibodies","display_name":"IA-2 autoantibodies","score":0.703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gad65-autoantibodies","display_name":"GAD65 antibodies","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polyclonality","display_name":"polyclonality","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insulin-secretion","display_name":"insulin secretion","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insulin-sensitivity","display_name":"insulin sensitivity","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monozygotic-twins","display_name":"monozygotic twins","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metabolic-syndrome","display_name":"metabolic syndrome","score":0.906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autoimmune-diabetes","display_name":"autoimmune diabetes","score":0.7480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latent-autoimmune-diabetes-in-adults","display_name":"latent autoimmune diabetes in adults","score":0.593999981880188}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.7268474698066711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777180221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3025883","display_name":"Type 2 diabetes","level":3,"score":0.6447722315788269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908810637","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1797833","display_name":"Autoimmune diabetes","level":4,"score":0.6325612664222717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.5078554749488831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4899446368217468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.48355957865715027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.44918757677078247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779306644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2002370","display_name":"Insulin","level":2,"score":0.4406657814979553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159654299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79460","display_name":"Antibody","level":2,"score":0.43394726514816284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.3762877881526947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781232474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124407","display_name":"Type 1 diabetes","level":3,"score":0.35072147846221924}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:773890361","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.566643","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9763000011444092,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":201,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W97674068","https://openalex.org/W140451636","https://openalex.org/W149040496","https://openalex.org/W165309161","https://openalex.org/W1227874083","https://openalex.org/W1247177501","https://openalex.org/W1412051267","https://openalex.org/W1486125213","https://openalex.org/W1486652109","https://openalex.org/W1491849748","https://openalex.org/W1515557147","https://openalex.org/W1528955459","https://openalex.org/W1531291756","https://openalex.org/W1534122645","https://openalex.org/W1538564588","https://openalex.org/W1541471661","https://openalex.org/W1546868941","https://openalex.org/W1566643819","https://openalex.org/W1590974138","https://openalex.org/W1592327102","https://openalex.org/W1656371604","https://openalex.org/W1834860424","https://openalex.org/W1963675815","https://openalex.org/W1965727970","https://openalex.org/W1966671518","https://openalex.org/W1967071734","https://openalex.org/W1967209395","https://openalex.org/W1967314259","https://openalex.org/W1972922050","https://openalex.org/W1972953398","https://openalex.org/W1975231696","https://openalex.org/W1975358443","https://openalex.org/W1977175274","https://openalex.org/W1977962868","https://openalex.org/W1978306142","https://openalex.org/W1978651681","https://openalex.org/W1978674970","https://openalex.org/W1978885851","https://openalex.org/W1987101799","https://openalex.org/W1987677365","https://openalex.org/W1989385623","https://openalex.org/W1992399238","https://openalex.org/W1992440768","https://openalex.org/W1993249613","https://openalex.org/W1993462634","https://openalex.org/W1995177998","https://openalex.org/W1996412706","https://openalex.org/W1998386352","https://openalex.org/W1998436005","https://openalex.org/W2000001040","https://openalex.org/W2001295992","https://openalex.org/W2002616153","https://openalex.org/W2002920878","https://openalex.org/W2003407234","https://openalex.org/W2003720880","https://openalex.org/W2004517378","https://openalex.org/W2005722181","https://openalex.org/W2005909990","https://openalex.org/W2007965537","https://openalex.org/W2008480928","https://openalex.org/W2008539299","https://openalex.org/W2011108094","https://openalex.org/W2012283777","https://openalex.org/W2016193783","https://openalex.org/W2017463069","https://openalex.org/W2019400285","https://openalex.org/W2019605333","https://openalex.org/W2019728528","https://openalex.org/W2019972832","https://openalex.org/W2020793468","https://openalex.org/W2020890845","https://openalex.org/W2021359578","https://openalex.org/W2024187755","https://openalex.org/W2026889435","https://openalex.org/W2028776387","https://openalex.org/W2031501484","https://openalex.org/W2032402557","https://openalex.org/W2033783167","https://openalex.org/W2033958293","https://openalex.org/W2034408226","https://openalex.org/W2036329920","https://openalex.org/W2037768954","https://openalex.org/W2039242258","https://openalex.org/W2039396900","https://openalex.org/W2040593177","https://openalex.org/W2041669657","https://openalex.org/W2045028692","https://openalex.org/W2046876844","https://openalex.org/W2048298228","https://openalex.org/W2050275120","https://openalex.org/W2052132908","https://openalex.org/W2052669556","https://openalex.org/W2054343349","https://openalex.org/W2055388500","https://openalex.org/W2056755744","https://openalex.org/W2060618131","https://openalex.org/W2060975836","https://openalex.org/W2061527703","https://openalex.org/W2063051902","https://openalex.org/W2065939874","https://openalex.org/W2066951928","https://openalex.org/W2068950975","https://openalex.org/W2069692343","https://openalex.org/W2070869321","https://openalex.org/W2070972996","https://openalex.org/W2071756824","https://openalex.org/W2072451119","https://openalex.org/W2072652145","https://openalex.org/W2073392026","https://openalex.org/W2074737418","https://openalex.org/W2076699968","https://openalex.org/W2076804771","https://openalex.org/W2077577428","https://openalex.org/W2079647066","https://openalex.org/W2084194744","https://openalex.org/W2089066081","https://openalex.org/W2090432138","https://openalex.org/W2090704440","https://openalex.org/W2091468205","https://openalex.org/W2092377833","https://openalex.org/W2093977733","https://openalex.org/W2095861886","https://openalex.org/W2096717560","https://openalex.org/W2098739800","https://openalex.org/W2098742390","https://openalex.org/W2099852272","https://openalex.org/W2101743642","https://openalex.org/W2103358318","https://openalex.org/W2104258246","https://openalex.org/W2104356986","https://openalex.org/W2104895632","https://openalex.org/W2106697731","https://openalex.org/W2108423679","https://openalex.org/W2111389753","https://openalex.org/W2111625815","https://openalex.org/W2113093880","https://openalex.org/W2114742216","https://openalex.org/W2115209313","https://openalex.org/W2115804269","https://openalex.org/W2117121254","https://openalex.org/W2120174658","https://openalex.org/W2121271546","https://openalex.org/W2121417064","https://openalex.org/W2123412381","https://openalex.org/W2124905655","https://openalex.org/W2126125530","https://openalex.org/W2127591233","https://openalex.org/W2129551653","https://openalex.org/W2130445686","https://openalex.org/W2130672812","https://openalex.org/W2130880816","https://openalex.org/W2132166460","https://openalex.org/W2134293572","https://openalex.org/W2134555277","https://openalex.org/W2135704382","https://openalex.org/W2137638424","https://openalex.org/W2137761662","https://openalex.org/W2138759184","https://openalex.org/W2140979952","https://openalex.org/W2143450422","https://openalex.org/W2143958400","https://openalex.org/W2145658453","https://openalex.org/W2145982906","https://openalex.org/W2145991477","https://openalex.org/W2146536851","https://openalex.org/W2147139493","https://openalex.org/W2149541479","https://openalex.org/W2149765115","https://openalex.org/W2151475828","https://openalex.org/W2152089855","https://openalex.org/W2153233466","https://openalex.org/W2154963996","https://openalex.org/W2155379679","https://openalex.org/W2157110918","https://openalex.org/W2157809446","https://openalex.org/W2158409975","https://openalex.org/W2159127743","https://openalex.org/W2161100689","https://openalex.org/W2162445930","https://openalex.org/W2163647109","https://openalex.org/W2164293650","https://openalex.org/W2165831222","https://openalex.org/W2165981351","https://openalex.org/W2168459132","https://openalex.org/W2168696300","https://openalex.org/W2169029547","https://openalex.org/W2169120287","https://openalex.org/W2169288424","https://openalex.org/W2179629400","https://openalex.org/W2288736729","https://openalex.org/W2316713837","https://openalex.org/W2323631751","https://openalex.org/W2329872997","https://openalex.org/W2332951586","https://openalex.org/W2341009442","https://openalex.org/W2345903479","https://openalex.org/W2399518463","https://openalex.org/W2407800095","https://openalex.org/W2415321835","https://openalex.org/W2582777050","https://openalex.org/W3023364649"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2117449165","https://openalex.org/W7210175458","https://openalex.org/W1992440768","https://openalex.org/W2510668456","https://openalex.org/W2498114613","https://openalex.org/W2032770361","https://openalex.org/W1962421999","https://openalex.org/W2986133512","https://openalex.org/W1540077330","https://openalex.org/W4237227043"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"S":[0],"ARISING":[1,10],"FROM":[2,11],"THIS":[3,12],"WORK":[4,13],"PUBLICATION":[6],"AND":[7],"PAPER":[8],"SUBMITTED":[9],"Hawa":[15,50,89],"MI,":[16,51,90],"Fava":[17],"D,":[18,94,100],"Medici":[19],"F,":[20],"Deng":[21],"YJ,":[22],"Notkins":[23],"AL,":[24],"De":[25],"Mattia":[26],"G,":[27],"Leslie":[28,61,110],"RD.":[29,62],"Antibodies":[30],"to":[31,75],"IA-2":[32],"and":[33,38,44,117],"GAD65":[34],"in":[35,69],"type":[36,39,76],"1":[37,77],"2":[40],"diabetes:":[41,78,119],"isotype":[42],"restriction":[43],"polyclonality.":[45],"Diabetes":[46,84],"Care.":[47,86,123],"(2000)":[48],"23:228-33.":[49],"Bonfanti":[52],"R,":[53,104],"Valeri":[54],"C,":[55,92],"Delli":[56],"Castelli":[57],"M,":[58],"Beyan":[59],"H,":[60],"No":[63],"evidence":[64],"for":[65],"genetically":[66],"determined":[67],"alteration":[68],"insulin":[70],"secretion":[71],"or":[72],"sensitivity":[73],"predisposing":[74],"a":[79],"study":[80],"of":[81],"identical":[82],"twins.":[83],"19":[85],"(2005)":[87],"28:1415-8.":[88],"Thivolet":[91],"Mauricio":[93],"Alemanno":[95],"I,":[96],"Cipponeri":[97],"E,":[98],"Collier":[99],"Hunter":[101],"S,":[102],"Buzzetti":[103],"de":[105],"Leiva":[106],"A,":[107],"Pozzilli":[108],"P,":[109],"RD;":[111],"Action":[112],"LADA":[113,121],"Group.":[114],"Metabolic":[115],"syndrome":[116],"autoimmune":[118],"action":[120],"3.Diabetes":[122],"(2009)":[124],"32:160-4.":[125]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}