{"id":"https://openalex.org/W773190487","doi":null,"title":"Bilingualism, Aging, and Instructional Conditions in Non-Primary Language Development","display_name":"Bilingualism, Aging, and Instructional Conditions in Non-Primary Language Development","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W773190487","mag":"773190487"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pqdtoai.proquest.com:3606540","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3606540","pdf_url":"http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3606540","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064308","display_name":"ProQuest Demo Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"thesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10822/707455","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072570129","display_name":"Jessica G. Cox","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4995-7690","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4995-7690"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jessica G. Cox","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5072570129"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10021","display_name":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","score":0.6381999850273132,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10021","display_name":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","score":0.6381999850273132,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10465","display_name":"Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism","score":0.2125999927520752,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11587","display_name":"Second Language Acquisition and Learning","score":0.0575999990105629,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bilingualism","display_name":"bilingualism","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aging","display_name":"aging","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/second-language-acquisition","display_name":"second language acquisition","score":0.7429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/explicit-instruction","display_name":"explicit instruction","score":0.8420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metalinguistic-awareness","display_name":"metalinguistic awareness","score":0.6930000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-aptitude","display_name":"language aptitude","score":0.7570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attentional-control","display_name":"attentional control","score":0.8510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implicit-sequence-learning","display_name":"implicit sequence learning","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latin-as-a-second-language","display_name":"Latin as a second language","score":0.7009999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thematic-role-assignment","display_name":"thematic role assignment","score":0.7490000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/older-adults","display_name":"older adults","score":0.6200000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spanish-english-bilinguals","display_name":"Spanish-English bilinguals","score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metalinguistic-feedback","display_name":"metalinguistic feedback","score":0.609000027179718}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49876356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7002651","display_name":"Neuroscience of multilingualism","level":2,"score":0.8641974925994873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4874013066291809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.45442795753479004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777977315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7243056","display_name":"Primary (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.43650075793266296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.11388763785362244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.09692394733428955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.09575685858726501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:pqdtoai.proquest.com:3606540","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3606540","pdf_url":"http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3606540","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064308","display_name":"ProQuest Demo Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"thesis"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.library.georgetown.edu:10822/707455","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10822/707455","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10822/707455","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402467","display_name":"DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210145449","host_organization_name":"Center for Security and Emerging Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Spanish & Portuguese","raw_type":"thesis"},{"id":"mag:773190487","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.library.georgetown.edu/handle/10822/707455","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764685317","display_name":"Georgetown University-Graduate School of Arts & Sciences","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4323970070","host_organization_name":"Georgetown University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4323970070"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Georgetown University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Georgetown University-Graduate School of Arts & Sciences","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.library.georgetown.edu:10822/707455","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10822/707455","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10822/707455","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402467","display_name":"DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210145449","host_organization_name":"Center for Security and Emerging Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Spanish & Portuguese","raw_type":"thesis"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education","score":0.6164000034332275}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307862","display_name":"Inter-American Development Bank","ror":"https://ror.org/02gjn4306"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309515","display_name":"George Washington University","ror":"https://ror.org/00y4zzh67"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310223","display_name":"Georgetown University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vzafd60"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W773190487.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W773190487.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":123,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W73384591","https://openalex.org/W183514988","https://openalex.org/W266759837","https://openalex.org/W288927663","https://openalex.org/W584551294","https://openalex.org/W1485633403","https://openalex.org/W1578342390","https://openalex.org/W1725627099","https://openalex.org/W1936434217","https://openalex.org/W1964494763","https://openalex.org/W1965122770","https://openalex.org/W1967025532","https://openalex.org/W1969707580","https://openalex.org/W1972444163","https://openalex.org/W1975283790","https://openalex.org/W1975831939","https://openalex.org/W1975859149","https://openalex.org/W1979472123","https://openalex.org/W1980987102","https://openalex.org/W1981319657","https://openalex.org/W1983946953","https://openalex.org/W1986997408","https://openalex.org/W1988151646","https://openalex.org/W1988877018","https://openalex.org/W1995622070","https://openalex.org/W1996147348","https://openalex.org/W2003179409","https://openalex.org/W2006181802","https://openalex.org/W2006543320","https://openalex.org/W2007093102","https://openalex.org/W2007994902","https://openalex.org/W2013114247","https://openalex.org/W2016917535","https://openalex.org/W2017521888","https://openalex.org/W2017682289","https://openalex.org/W2023277101","https://openalex.org/W2025539352","https://openalex.org/W2025774934","https://openalex.org/W2026034418","https://openalex.org/W2032590636","https://openalex.org/W2033052943","https://openalex.org/W2037137939","https://openalex.org/W2039187374","https://openalex.org/W2039752037","https://openalex.org/W2040402298","https://openalex.org/W2043427209","https://openalex.org/W2052377326","https://openalex.org/W2058120075","https://openalex.org/W2059416447","https://openalex.org/W2061160242","https://openalex.org/W2067884299","https://openalex.org/W2069971109","https://openalex.org/W2072521400","https://openalex.org/W2073648867","https://openalex.org/W2078785652","https://openalex.org/W2080795494","https://openalex.org/W2086130628","https://openalex.org/W2087366470","https://openalex.org/W2090113581","https://openalex.org/W2090678998","https://openalex.org/W2094455662","https://openalex.org/W2095863916","https://openalex.org/W2096254651","https://openalex.org/W2096428084","https://openalex.org/W2096632956","https://openalex.org/W2097414466","https://openalex.org/W2099299123","https://openalex.org/W2099321707","https://openalex.org/W2100395038","https://openalex.org/W2100940719","https://openalex.org/W2102749610","https://openalex.org/W2102765937","https://openalex.org/W2102915291","https://openalex.org/W2107126999","https://openalex.org/W2108611640","https://openalex.org/W2111063201","https://openalex.org/W2114140770","https://openalex.org/W2114806605","https://openalex.org/W2115639689","https://openalex.org/W2116584786","https://openalex.org/W2118759397","https://openalex.org/W2119109876","https://openalex.org/W2119812695","https://openalex.org/W2120004929","https://openalex.org/W2121996461","https://openalex.org/W2122401004","https://openalex.org/W2126265723","https://openalex.org/W2127041292","https://openalex.org/W2128059308","https://openalex.org/W2129215099","https://openalex.org/W2131674954","https://openalex.org/W2133204683","https://openalex.org/W2138957338","https://openalex.org/W2139582748","https://openalex.org/W2140881275","https://openalex.org/W2143329383","https://openalex.org/W2144440751","https://openalex.org/W2146233078","https://openalex.org/W2146514770","https://openalex.org/W2150529256","https://openalex.org/W2150902492","https://openalex.org/W2154480717","https://openalex.org/W2155060119","https://openalex.org/W2155927351","https://openalex.org/W2156761163","https://openalex.org/W2158525342","https://openalex.org/W2159192118","https://openalex.org/W2159631521","https://openalex.org/W2159863694","https://openalex.org/W2160820103","https://openalex.org/W2163636707","https://openalex.org/W2164843580","https://openalex.org/W2167631320","https://openalex.org/W2167944546","https://openalex.org/W2171408043","https://openalex.org/W2411164920","https://openalex.org/W2481999315","https://openalex.org/W2496938349","https://openalex.org/W2504578663","https://openalex.org/W2805590510","https://openalex.org/W2983565933","https://openalex.org/W3094423914","https://openalex.org/W4232080474"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2489438432","https://openalex.org/W2100520107","https://openalex.org/W7111930220","https://openalex.org/W7164177352","https://openalex.org/W2143469271","https://openalex.org/W4408103883","https://openalex.org/W3021383488","https://openalex.org/W6887659208","https://openalex.org/W4307280296","https://openalex.org/W2127871521"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"central":[1],"question":[2],"in":[3,47,67,103,172,176,229,243],"SLA":[4],"is":[5,64],"the":[6,18,22,105,157,165,244],"interaction":[7],"of":[8,24,107,167,180,192],"internal":[9],"and":[10,13,26,110,122,128,147,188,199,202,213,222,239],"external":[11],"variables,":[12],"this":[14,115],"dissertation":[15],"contributes":[16],"to":[17,85,170,233,237],"field":[19],"by":[20,271],"investigating":[21],"effects":[23],"bilingualism":[25],"aging":[27],"on":[28,113],"language":[29,51,125],"development":[30,217],"under":[31,89],"different":[32],"instructional":[33,70,111],"conditions.Prior":[34],"research":[35,77],"suggests":[36,78],"that":[37,63,79,179,250,254,274],"bilingual":[38,153,227],"young":[39,138],"adults":[40,81,139,144],"generally":[41],"have":[42],"an":[43,61],"advantage":[44,62,228],"over":[45],"monolinguals":[46],"learning":[48,132],"a":[49,185,190,226,248],"non-primary":[50,87],"(e.g.,":[52,72,261],"Cenoz":[53],"&":[54,96,162],"Valencia,":[55],"1994;":[56],"Sanz,":[57],"2000Sanz,":[58],",":[59],"2007)),":[60],"more":[65,245],"evident":[66],"less":[68,90,214],"explicit":[69,91,93,215,246,259],"conditions":[71,94,112],"Lado,":[73,262],"2008;Lin,":[74],"2009).In":[75],"addition,":[76,264],"older":[80,143,265],"are":[82],"better":[83],"able":[84],"learn":[86],"languages":[88],"than":[92],"(Midford":[95],"Kirsner,":[97],"2005;Lenet":[98],"et":[99],"al.,":[100],"2011).To":[101],"aid":[102],"explaining":[104],"role":[106],"bilingualism,":[108],"aging,":[109],"development,":[114],"study":[116],"also":[117],"measures":[118],"attentional":[119],"control":[120],"(ANT":[121],"Simon":[123],"task),":[124],"aptitude":[126,235],"(MLAT),":[127],"non-linguistic":[129],"implicit":[130],"sequence":[131],"(ASRT).Ninety-four":[133],"participants":[134],"who":[135],"were":[136],"either":[137,148,205],"(age":[140,145],"18-27)":[141],"or":[142,152,182,207],"60+)":[146],"monolingual":[149],"English":[150,181],"speakers":[151,155],"English/Spanish":[154],"completed":[156,184],"Latin":[158],"Project":[159],"(Sanz,":[160],"Stafford,":[161],"Bowden),":[163],"targeting":[164],"assignment":[166],"thematic":[168],"roles":[169],"nouns":[171],"Latin,":[173],"which":[174],"differs":[175,251],"cues":[177],"from":[178,252],"Spanish.Participants":[183],"vocabulary":[186],"lesson":[187],"quiz,":[189],"battery":[191],"four":[193],"assessments":[194],"as":[195,258],"pre,":[196],"immediate":[197],"post,":[198],"delayed":[200],"posttests,":[201],"task-essential":[203],"practice":[204],"with":[206],"without":[208],"previous":[209],"grammar":[210,275],"explanation":[211],"(more":[212],"instruction).Language":[216],"was":[218],"measured":[219],"via":[220],"accuracy":[221,267],"reaction":[223],"time.Results":[224],"revealed":[225],"accuracy,":[230],"largely":[231],"due":[232],"increased":[234],"compared":[236],"monolinguals,":[238],"especially":[240],"for":[241],"bilinguals":[242],"condition,":[247,272],"finding":[249],"studies":[253],"used":[255],"metalinguistic":[256],"feedback":[257],"instruction":[260],"2008).In":[263],"adults'":[266],"did":[268],"not":[269],"vary":[270],"suggesting":[273],"xi":[276],"Cue":[277],"analysis..........":[278]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
