{"id":"https://openalex.org/W772382002","doi":null,"title":"Anatomy of Quercus variabilis Charcoal Manufactured at Various Temperatures","display_name":"Anatomy of Quercus variabilis Charcoal Manufactured at Various Temperatures","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W772382002","mag":"772382002"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:772382002","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.kci.go.kr/kciportal/ci/sereArticleSearch/ciSereArtiView.kci?sereArticleSearchBean.artiId=ART001018561","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764462580","display_name":"Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology","issn_l":"1017-0715","issn":["1017-0715","2233-7180"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["kci-registered","poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4327872803","host_organization_name":"The Korean Society of Wood Science Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4327872803"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The Korean Society of Wood Science Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051774491","display_name":"Nam\u2013Hun Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4416-0554","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4416-0554"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nam\u2013Hun Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4416-0554","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050103518","display_name":"Won-Joong Hwang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Won-Joong Hwang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108358335","display_name":"Sung-Min Kwon","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sung-Min Kwon","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007285747","display_name":"Goo-Joong Kwon","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Goo-Joong Kwon","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061928338","display_name":"Seongjae Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5793-8639","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5793-8639","https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4737-571X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seongjae Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5793-8639","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.19930397,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"34","issue":"4","first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10484","display_name":"Wood Treatment and Properties","score":0.5067999958992004,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10484","display_name":"Wood Treatment and Properties","score":0.5067999958992004,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10088","display_name":"Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes","score":0.4269999861717224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2103","display_name":"Fuel Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11208","display_name":"Lignin and Wood Chemistry","score":0.010599999688565731,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1508","display_name":"Process Chemistry and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quercus-variabilis","display_name":"Quercus variabilis","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/charcoal","display_name":"charcoal","score":0.6909999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/charring-temperature","display_name":"charring temperature","score":0.9110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wood-cell-wall","display_name":"wood cell wall","score":0.40299999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/middle-lamella","display_name":"middle lamella","score":0.7580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ray-parenchyma","display_name":"ray parenchyma","score":0.8600000143051147}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73546260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5086659","display_name":"Charring","level":2,"score":0.9390686750411987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526406351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177463","display_name":"Charcoal","level":2,"score":0.9183274507522583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777387632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192608","display_name":"Quercus variabilis","level":2,"score":0.8440790772438049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26771246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321095","display_name":"Scanning electron microscope","level":2,"score":0.7028838992118835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105391648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434294","display_name":"Middle lamella","level":3,"score":0.6671531796455383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5029701590538025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196822366","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q270524","display_name":"Parenchyma","level":2,"score":0.49941301345825195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66882249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169336","display_name":"Homogeneous","level":2,"score":0.48084673285484314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.4604722857475281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.3793730139732361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.33334213495254517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.31806427240371704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125235067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128700","display_name":"Cell wall","level":2,"score":0.21848371624946594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.10915935039520264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07183396816253662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:772382002","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.kci.go.kr/kciportal/ci/sereArticleSearch/ciSereArtiView.kci?sereArticleSearchBean.artiId=ART001018561","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764462580","display_name":"Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology","issn_l":"1017-0715","issn":["1017-0715","2233-7180"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["kci-registered","poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4327872803","host_organization_name":"The Korean Society of Wood Science Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4327872803"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The Korean Society of Wood Science Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2020332329","https://openalex.org/W2591535245","https://openalex.org/W2005097068","https://openalex.org/W4281777954","https://openalex.org/W2094457701","https://openalex.org/W4412514448","https://openalex.org/W3091394724","https://openalex.org/W1533210360","https://openalex.org/W2053878067","https://openalex.org/W2350622423"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Anatomy":[0],"of":[1,33,97,105,119],"Quercus":[2],"variabilis":[3],"charcoal":[4,34,44,128],"was":[5,12,35],"investigated":[6],"by":[7,38],"scanning":[8],"electron":[9],"microscopy.":[10],"Charcoal":[11],"prepared":[13,45,129],"in":[14,83,102,127,138,148],"an":[15,94],"electric":[16],"furnace":[17],"under":[18],"nitrogen":[19],"gas":[20],"atmosphere":[21],"at":[22,46,86,130,155,167],"400oC,":[23],"600oC,":[24,158],"800oC,":[25],"and":[26,63,71,90,144,157,169],"1000oC":[27],"for":[28],"10":[29],"min.":[30],"The":[31,66,109],"structure":[32],"significantly":[36],"affected":[37],"charring":[39,55],"temperature.":[40],"In":[41],"cross":[42],"section,":[43],"400oC":[47,156],"exhibited":[48],"a":[49,103,152,163],"smooth":[50,153],"clean":[51],"surface.":[52],"As":[53],"the":[54,58,98,106,117,120,160],"temperature":[56],"increased,":[57],"surface":[59,154],"became":[60],"more":[61],"rough":[62],"increasingly":[64],"disrupted.":[65],"cell":[67],"walls":[68],"appeared":[69],"homogeneous":[70],"glass-like.":[72],"Ray":[73],"parenchyma":[74,121],"cells":[75,150],"showed":[76],"very":[77],"little":[78],"separation":[79,104],"from":[80],"each":[81],"other":[82],"radial":[84],"section":[85],"400oC.":[87],"At":[88],"600oC":[89],"above":[91],"there":[92],"is":[93],"apparent":[95],"disintegration":[96],"middle":[99],"lamella,":[100],"resulting":[101],"ray":[107],"cells.":[108,122],"2\uff5e4":[110],"\u00b5m":[111],"wart-like":[112],"protuberances":[113],"were":[114,125],"observed":[115],"on":[116],"surfaces":[118],"These":[123],"structures":[124],"seen":[126,137],"all":[131],"temperatures.":[132],"Distinctive":[133],"features":[134],"can":[135],"be":[136],"multiseriate":[139],"rays":[140],"as":[141],"large":[142],"crack":[143],"split.":[145],"Rhomboidal":[146],"crystals":[147,161],"crystalliferous":[149],"had":[151,162],"but":[159],"sponge":[164],"like":[165],"appearance":[166],"800oC":[168],"1000oC.":[170]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-24T07:57:37.273135","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}