{"id":"https://openalex.org/W771508457","doi":null,"title":"The Road from Welfare to Work: Informal Transportation and the Urban Poor","display_name":"The Road from Welfare to Work: Informal Transportation and the Urban Poor","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W771508457","mag":"771508457"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarship.law.nd.edu:law_faculty_scholarship-1495","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarship.law.nd.edu/law_faculty_scholarship/503","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S57128295","display_name":"Journal of legislation","issn_l":"0146-9584","issn":["0146-9584"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316639","host_organization_name":"Notre Dame Law School","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316639","https://openalex.org/P4310316167"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Notre Dame Law School","University of Notre Dame"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal Articles","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=741264","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031966018","display_name":"Nicole Stelle Garnett","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107639228","display_name":"University of Notre Dame","ror":"https://ror.org/00mkhxb43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nicole Stelle Garnett","raw_affiliation_strings":["Notre Dame Law School"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Notre Dame Law School","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5031966018"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.7799,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96295233,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":0.40720000863075256,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":0.40720000863075256,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11544","display_name":"Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics","score":0.22450000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10298","display_name":"Urban Transport and Accessibility","score":0.06289999932050705,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/welfare-to-work","display_name":"workfare","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/informal-transport","display_name":"informal transport","score":0.8610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jitneys","display_name":"jitneys","score":0.8920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-poor","display_name":"urban poor","score":0.6779999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-transportation-access","display_name":"public transportation access","score":0.6460000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/access-to-employment","display_name":"access to employment","score":0.6759999990463257}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.771885335445404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100243477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12002092","display_name":"Welfare","level":2,"score":0.7436037063598633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5747225284576416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539828613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178512","display_name":"Public transport","level":2,"score":0.556584358215332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777022163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7980969","display_name":"Welfare reform","level":3,"score":0.49715307354927063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.48997536301612854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100001284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246","display_name":"Public economics","level":1,"score":0.4573504328727722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145236788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161","display_name":"Labour economics","level":1,"score":0.40439075231552124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.38598567247390747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.30439192056655884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.283590704202652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.1897774636745453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.16439643502235413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1532720923423767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarship.law.nd.edu:law_faculty_scholarship-1495","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarship.law.nd.edu/law_faculty_scholarship/503","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S57128295","display_name":"Journal of legislation","issn_l":"0146-9584","issn":["0146-9584"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316639","host_organization_name":"Notre Dame Law School","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316639","https://openalex.org/P4310316167"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Notre Dame Law School","University of Notre Dame"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal Articles","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:771508457","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=741264","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"mag:771508457","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=741264","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":1.0},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.8974000215530396},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","display_name":"No poverty","score":0.8928999900817871},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.5142999887466431},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.4943999946117401}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6964049161","https://openalex.org/W1608503207","https://openalex.org/W2785216827","https://openalex.org/W7034329293","https://openalex.org/W2088406742","https://openalex.org/W2241868296","https://openalex.org/W2046682739","https://openalex.org/W574253445","https://openalex.org/W284496507","https://openalex.org/W3126054851"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Individuals":[0],"struggling":[1],"to":[2,6,29,61,65,76],"move":[3],"from":[4],"welfare":[5,25],"work":[7],"face":[8],"numerous":[9],"obstacles.":[10],"This":[11,68],"Article":[12],"addresses":[13],"one":[14],"of":[15,19,36,39,42],"those":[16],"obstacles:":[17],"lack":[18],"transportation.":[20,44],"Without":[21],"reliable":[22],"transportation,":[23],"many":[24],"recipients":[26],"are":[27],"unable":[28],"find":[30],"and":[31],"maintain":[32],"jobs":[33,83],"located":[34],"out":[35],"the":[37],"reach":[38],"traditional":[40],"forms":[41],"public":[43],"Professor":[45],"Garnett":[46],"argues":[47],"that":[48],"lawmakers":[49],"should":[50],"remove":[51],"restrictions":[52],"on":[53],"informal":[54],"van":[55],"or":[56],"jitney":[57],"services,":[58],"allowing":[59],"entrepreneurs":[60],"provide":[62,82],"low-cost":[63],"transportation":[64],"their":[66],"communities.":[67],"reform":[69],"would":[70],"not":[71],"only":[72],"help":[73],"people":[74],"get":[75],"work,":[77],"but":[78],"it":[79],"could":[80],"also":[81],"for":[84],"low-income":[85],"people.":[86]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-15T07:11:24.734988","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}