{"id":"https://openalex.org/W76971397","doi":"https://doi.org/10.38140/sjch.v38i2.263","title":"Sports isolation and the struggle against apartheid in South African sport: The sports policy of the National Party during the 1980s","display_name":"Sports isolation and the struggle against apartheid in South African sport: The sports policy of the National Party during the 1980s","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-12-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W76971397","doi":"https://doi.org/10.38140/sjch.v38i2.263","mag":"76971397"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.38140/sjch.v38i2.263","doi":"https://doi.org/10.38140/sjch.v38i2.263","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.38140/sjch.v38i2.263","pdf_url":"https://journals.ufs.ac.za/index.php/jch/article/download/263/254","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216675","display_name":"Southern Journal for Contemporary History","issn_l":"0258-2422","issn":["0258-2422","2415-0509"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["dhet","doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315345","host_organization_name":"University of the Free State","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315345"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of the Free State"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Southern Journal for Contemporary History","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W76971397"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://journals.ufs.ac.za/index.php/jch/article/download/263/254","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086475954","display_name":"Cobus Rademeyer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0919-0405","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0919-0405"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26999989","display_name":"University of the Free State","ror":"https://ror.org/009xwd568","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26999989"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Cobus Rademeyer","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of the Free State"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of the Free State","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26999989"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5086475954"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26999989"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7583,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79221467,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"38","issue":"2","first_page":"70","last_page":"90"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11695","display_name":"South African History and Culture","score":0.9214000105857849,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11695","display_name":"South African History and Culture","score":0.9214000105857849,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13296","display_name":"Sociology, History and Politics of Sport","score":0.0729999989271164,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10942","display_name":"Sports, Gender, and Society","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sports-autonomy","display_name":"sports autonomy","score":0.6119999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anti-apartheid-movement","display_name":"anti-apartheid movement","score":0.843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/african-national-congress","display_name":"African National Congress","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/south-african-sport","display_name":"South African sport","score":0.5519999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-segregation-in-sports","display_name":"racial segregation in sports","score":0.7020000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sports-legislation","display_name":"sports legislation","score":0.6029999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/1980s","display_name":"1980s","score":0.7440000176429749}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780668109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192852","display_name":"Opposition (politics)","level":3,"score":0.8573378324508667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777351106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49371","display_name":"Legislation","level":2,"score":0.7251495718955994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65414064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484105","display_name":"Autonomy","level":2,"score":0.6824410557746887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6474469304084778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.6100762486457825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.39593634009361267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.38832101225852966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.32282280921936035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.28517264127731323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.25560325384140015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.38140/sjch.v38i2.263","doi":"https://doi.org/10.38140/sjch.v38i2.263","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.38140/sjch.v38i2.263","pdf_url":"https://journals.ufs.ac.za/index.php/jch/article/download/263/254","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216675","display_name":"Southern Journal for Contemporary History","issn_l":"0258-2422","issn":["0258-2422","2415-0509"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["dhet","doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315345","host_organization_name":"University of the Free State","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315345"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of the Free State"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Southern Journal for Contemporary History","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"mag:76971397","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://scholar.ufs.ac.za:8080/xmlui/handle/11660/4451","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Contemporary History","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.38140/sjch.v38i2.263","doi":"https://doi.org/10.38140/sjch.v38i2.263","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.38140/sjch.v38i2.263","pdf_url":"https://journals.ufs.ac.za/index.php/jch/article/download/263/254","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216675","display_name":"Southern Journal for Contemporary History","issn_l":"0258-2422","issn":["0258-2422","2415-0509"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["dhet","doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315345","host_organization_name":"University of the Free State","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315345"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of the Free State"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Southern Journal for Contemporary History","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.8046000003814697}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W76971397.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W76971397.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1560535510","https://openalex.org/W7143511690","https://openalex.org/W1500897838","https://openalex.org/W1586262075","https://openalex.org/W2067105776","https://openalex.org/W1527128261","https://openalex.org/W1997841435","https://openalex.org/W2481091774","https://openalex.org/W2585764987"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Under":[0],"the":[1,16,19,21,24,34,40,48,55,60,73,77,100,104,112,115,120,128,137,155,161,184,196,216,222,233],"National":[2,198],"Party":[3],"(NP)":[4],"government":[5,43,87,118,153],"sport":[6,53,96,144,159,182,231],"had":[7,178],"been":[8],"governed":[9],"by":[10],"apartheid":[11,80,94,107,140,142,229],"laws":[12,171],"since":[13],"1948.":[14],"Towards":[15],"end":[17],"of":[18,26,52,106,158,206,235],"seventies":[20],"NP":[22,78],"introduced":[23],"idea":[25,92],"sports":[27,64,129,150,209,218],"autonomy":[28,151],"as":[29,69,71,136,167],"their":[30],"policy":[31,130,219],"going":[32],"into":[33],"1980s.":[35],"This":[36,191],"was":[37,97],"based":[38],"on":[39,114],"fact":[41],"that":[42,93,149,176],"wanted":[44],"to":[45,84,127,179,189,214],"withdraw":[46],"from":[47,59,72,154,187],"development":[49],"and":[50,141,172,183,220,232,241],"management":[51,156],"in":[54,66,81,95,109,143,160,181,193,230,238],"country.":[56],"Growing":[57],"resistance":[58],"opposition,":[61],"anti-apartheid":[62,91],"movements,":[63],"people":[65],"South":[67,116,207,239],"Africa,":[68],"well":[70],"conservative":[74],"elements":[75],"within":[76],"against":[79,86,139],"sport,":[82],"continued":[83],"work":[85],"principles.":[88],"The":[89],"overwhelming":[90],"no":[98],"longer":[99],"ultimate":[101],"goal,":[102],"but":[103],"abolishment":[105],"legislation":[108],"general":[110],"emphasised":[111],"pressure":[113],"African":[117,197,208],"during":[119],"decade":[121],"under":[122],"discussion.":[123],"Various":[124],"small":[125],"amendments":[126],"did":[131,163],"not":[132,164],"bring":[133],"much":[134],"relief,":[135],"struggle":[138],"intensified.":[145],"Government\u2019s":[146],"frequent":[147],"reassurance":[148],"removed":[152],"sphere":[157],"country":[162],"reach":[165],"base,":[166],"various":[168],"racially":[169],"inclined":[170],"acts":[173],"still":[174],"ensured":[175],"governments":[177],"intervene":[180],"practice":[185],"thereof":[186],"time":[188],"time.":[190],"culminated":[192],"talks":[194,226],"between":[195],"Congress":[199],"(ANC)":[200],"and,":[201],"amongst":[202],"others,":[203],"a":[204,212],"group":[205],"people,":[210],"with":[211],"view":[213],"counteracting":[215],"NP\u2019s":[217],"paved":[221],"way":[223],"for":[224],"more":[225],"towards":[227],"dismantling":[228],"normalisation":[234],"sporting":[236],"ties":[237],"Africa":[240],"internationally.":[242]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-14T11:04:58.165337","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}