{"id":"https://openalex.org/W767417291","doi":null,"title":"\"Will My Baby Be Normal?\": A History of Genetic Counseling in the United States, 1940-1970","display_name":"\"Will My Baby Be Normal?\": A History of Genetic Counseling in the United States, 1940-1970","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W767417291","mag":"767417291"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarsbank.uoregon.edu:1794/12468","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1794/12468","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1794/12468","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196436","display_name":"Scholars' Bank (University of Oregon)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I181233156","host_organization_name":"University of Oregon","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181233156"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Electronic Thesis or Dissertation"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1794/12468","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103596890","display_name":"Adam Turner","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Adam Turner","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103596890"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13332","display_name":"Historical Studies on Reproduction, Gender, Health, and Societal Changes","score":0.5889000296592712,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13332","display_name":"Historical Studies on Reproduction, Gender, Health, and Societal Changes","score":0.5889000296592712,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12575","display_name":"Medical History and Research","score":0.39329999685287476,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13275","display_name":"Medical and Health Sciences Research","score":0.00559999980032444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-counseling","display_name":"genetic counseling","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-genetic-counseling","display_name":"history of genetic counseling","score":0.8830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eugenics","display_name":"eugenics","score":0.6809999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reproductive-decision-making","display_name":"reproductive decision-making","score":0.6010000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parental-expectations","display_name":"parental expectations","score":0.47200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normality","display_name":"normality","score":0.4300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicalization-of-pregnancy","display_name":"medicalization of pregnancy","score":0.7260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physician-patient-relationship","display_name":"physician-patient relationship","score":0.6169999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reproductive-medicine","display_name":"reproductive medicine","score":0.5540000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mid-20th-century","display_name":"mid-twentieth century","score":0.6629999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-testing","display_name":"genetic testing","score":0.44699999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-and-reproduction","display_name":"gender and reproduction","score":0.5139999985694885}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140610115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170480","display_name":"Eugenics","level":2,"score":0.9162576198577881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93830501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134368","display_name":"Medicalization","level":2,"score":0.7718207836151123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80227256","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1124169","display_name":"Genetic counseling","level":2,"score":0.7404884099960327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59659247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11990","display_name":"Reproduction","level":2,"score":0.6417835354804993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780673598","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q285223","display_name":"Genetic testing","level":2,"score":0.6063109040260315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4180715084075928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.37828728556632996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.36897772550582886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.23706898093223572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.2341803014278412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.13559740781784058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.10846474766731262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarsbank.uoregon.edu:1794/12468","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1794/12468","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1794/12468","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196436","display_name":"Scholars' Bank (University of Oregon)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I181233156","host_organization_name":"University of Oregon","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181233156"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Electronic Thesis or Dissertation"},{"id":"mag:767417291","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://oatd.org/oatd/record?record=handle%5C%3A1794%5C%2F12468","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarsbank.uoregon.edu:1794/12468","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1794/12468","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1794/12468","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196436","display_name":"Scholars' Bank (University of Oregon)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I181233156","host_organization_name":"University of Oregon","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181233156"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Electronic Thesis or Dissertation"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W767417291.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W767417291.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":98,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W47852845","https://openalex.org/W95299734","https://openalex.org/W133658708","https://openalex.org/W192779458","https://openalex.org/W208032948","https://openalex.org/W220765256","https://openalex.org/W356539818","https://openalex.org/W583495539","https://openalex.org/W584993340","https://openalex.org/W588041136","https://openalex.org/W588570413","https://openalex.org/W593253375","https://openalex.org/W598814014","https://openalex.org/W602720253","https://openalex.org/W609461553","https://openalex.org/W610315114","https://openalex.org/W624390608","https://openalex.org/W625477156","https://openalex.org/W630975150","https://openalex.org/W648777859","https://openalex.org/W814301025","https://openalex.org/W863243132","https://openalex.org/W961671755","https://openalex.org/W1474566699","https://openalex.org/W1489248825","https://openalex.org/W1494762587","https://openalex.org/W1512765579","https://openalex.org/W1515193927","https://openalex.org/W1518814510","https://openalex.org/W1522742133","https://openalex.org/W1523860101","https://openalex.org/W1527504680","https://openalex.org/W1539069886","https://openalex.org/W1549102133","https://openalex.org/W1560622506","https://openalex.org/W1562788588","https://openalex.org/W1565579471","https://openalex.org/W1577374322","https://openalex.org/W1584435612","https://openalex.org/W1594291205","https://openalex.org/W1880656054","https://openalex.org/W1963659448","https://openalex.org/W1966368552","https://openalex.org/W1971179943","https://openalex.org/W1981808806","https://openalex.org/W1995657801","https://openalex.org/W1995980877","https://openalex.org/W2000735354","https://openalex.org/W2007216559","https://openalex.org/W2008730141","https://openalex.org/W2016384629","https://openalex.org/W2017668051","https://openalex.org/W2025837490","https://openalex.org/W2029449220","https://openalex.org/W2033957647","https://openalex.org/W2034490780","https://openalex.org/W2039618337","https://openalex.org/W2040042524","https://openalex.org/W2040378670","https://openalex.org/W2043710300","https://openalex.org/W2046501596","https://openalex.org/W2049986532","https://openalex.org/W2052078990","https://openalex.org/W2054857520","https://openalex.org/W2056313631","https://openalex.org/W2064536631","https://openalex.org/W2071793316","https://openalex.org/W2075487152","https://openalex.org/W2077217279","https://openalex.org/W2086086473","https://openalex.org/W2086549522","https://openalex.org/W2093522287","https://openalex.org/W2119748760","https://openalex.org/W2122746588","https://openalex.org/W2128045313","https://openalex.org/W2130289502","https://openalex.org/W2130611875","https://openalex.org/W2133357398","https://openalex.org/W2157040450","https://openalex.org/W2159268351","https://openalex.org/W2163113031","https://openalex.org/W2291839764","https://openalex.org/W2321972894","https://openalex.org/W2322852207","https://openalex.org/W2325404630","https://openalex.org/W2325848300","https://openalex.org/W2329066677","https://openalex.org/W2342790503","https://openalex.org/W2412395970","https://openalex.org/W2413901795","https://openalex.org/W2424408793","https://openalex.org/W2443778759","https://openalex.org/W2490719991","https://openalex.org/W2503034269","https://openalex.org/W2955039150","https://openalex.org/W2970491373","https://openalex.org/W3148529826","https://openalex.org/W3204784378"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2262230093","https://openalex.org/W1858616645","https://openalex.org/W772299434","https://openalex.org/W2100259183","https://openalex.org/W4247376018","https://openalex.org/W7100426845","https://openalex.org/W1948136007","https://openalex.org/W2322967156","https://openalex.org/W7095420861","https://openalex.org/W4241512270"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Genetic":[0],"counselors":[1,126],"today":[2],"are":[3],"at":[4],"the":[5,34,39,53,65,84,94,104,120,145],"forefront":[6],"of":[7,28,41,55,67,96,106,122],"helping":[8],"clients":[9],"interpret":[10],"genetic":[11,68,97,107,123,146],"information":[12,147],"to":[13,102,129,138,142],"help":[14],"them":[15,101],"make":[16],"decisions,":[17],"often":[18],"about":[19,81],"childbearing,":[20],"based":[21],"on":[22,119],"testing":[23],"and":[24,31,43,47,58,74,113,134],"medical":[25,48],"histories.":[26],"Scholars":[27],"medicine,":[29,56],"reproduction,":[30,59],"gender":[32],"in":[33,83],"United":[35],"States":[36],"have":[37],"traced":[38],"medicalization":[40],"pregnancy":[42],"interactions":[44],"between":[45],"parents":[46,140],"authorities.":[49],"These":[50,109],"works":[51],"explore":[52],"interplay":[54],"society,":[57],"but":[60],"they":[61,148],"do":[62,143],"not":[63,137],"address":[64],"history":[66],"counseling.":[69],"I":[70],"argue":[71],"that":[72],"doctors":[73],"patients":[75],"reciprocally":[76],"shaped":[77,93],"each":[78],"other's":[79],"thinking":[80],"reproduction":[82],"mid-twentieth":[85],"century.":[86],"Parents'":[87],"desires":[88,114],"for":[89],"normal,":[90],"healthy":[91],"children":[92],"development":[95,121],"counseling":[98,124],"by":[99],"motivating":[100],"seek":[103],"services":[105],"counselors.":[108],"prospective":[110],"parents'":[111],"expectations":[112],"had":[115],"an":[116],"outsized":[117],"influence":[118],"because":[125],"were":[127,135],"sensitive":[128],"possible":[130],"associations":[131],"with":[132,144],"eugenics":[133],"careful":[136],"tell":[139],"what":[141],"provided.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}