{"id":"https://openalex.org/W766770331","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203836026-17","title":"The Representation of Christopher Columbus in High School American History Textbooks: A Content Analysis","display_name":"The Representation of Christopher Columbus in High School American History Textbooks: A Content Analysis","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-01-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W766770331","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203836026-17","mag":"766770331"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.cedarville.edu:english_literature_modern_languages_publications-1041","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.cedarville.edu/english_literature_modern_languages_publications/45","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196552","display_name":"DigitalCommons-Cedarville (Cedarville University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I169138485","host_organization_name":"Cedarville University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169138485"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"English, Literature, and Modern Languages Faculty Publications","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034034214","display_name":"Maria do Ros\u00e1rio Lupi Bello","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9638-2773","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9638-2773"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria do Ros\u00e1rio Lupi Bello","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9638-2773","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085378168","display_name":"Annis N. Shaver","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Annis N. Shaver","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.8465,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91803309,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"150","last_page":"171"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11859","display_name":"Educator Training and Historical Pedagogy","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11859","display_name":"Educator Training and Historical Pedagogy","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13824","display_name":"National Identity and Symbolism","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12777","display_name":"Philosophy, History, and Historiography","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/christopher-columbus","display_name":"Christopher Columbus","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/columbus-day","display_name":"Columbus Day","score":0.4749999940395355}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.6532604098320007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.5379121899604797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781291010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178580","display_name":"Period (music)","level":2,"score":0.5099841356277466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134400042","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2372244","display_name":"Symbol (formal)","level":2,"score":0.47024574875831604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4672671854496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189807693","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q470125","display_name":"American studies","level":2,"score":0.4444703459739685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74916050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841090","display_name":"Classics","level":1,"score":0.345407098531723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.32790428400039673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29595303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165650","display_name":"Media studies","level":1,"score":0.32392603158950806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.302783340215683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.2531616985797882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2435457706451416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.21004068851470947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15708023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80083","display_name":"Humanities","level":1,"score":0.1878906786441803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.1572326123714447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107038049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986","display_name":"Aesthetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.cedarville.edu:english_literature_modern_languages_publications-1041","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.cedarville.edu/english_literature_modern_languages_publications/45","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196552","display_name":"DigitalCommons-Cedarville (Cedarville University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I169138485","host_organization_name":"Cedarville University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169138485"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"English, Literature, and Modern Languages Faculty Publications","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:766770331","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203836026-17","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.cedarville.edu/english_literature_modern_languages_publications/45/","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2743170777","https://openalex.org/W2078340571","https://openalex.org/W153990908","https://openalex.org/W4388356889","https://openalex.org/W2464443253","https://openalex.org/W4318819952","https://openalex.org/W2108591592","https://openalex.org/W2313898419","https://openalex.org/W199432216","https://openalex.org/W415495050"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Christopher":[0,132],"Columbus":[1,78,133,174,340],"has":[2],"been":[3,633],"a":[4,37,91,125,254,424,427,448,476,482,551,580,583,630],"durable":[5],"and":[6,75,192,202,227,276,278,300,302,312,323,367,405,436,459,517,545,564,574,593,603,638],"changeable":[7],"symbol":[8],"of":[9,15,57,77,82,85,106,119,128,131,153,173,179,204,231,239,267,293,309,317,345,361,364,397,401,408,432,466,498,506,523,536,566,579,585,621,629,642,655,658,661,706,713,723],"the":[10,13,16,19,23,34,42,58,73,80,83,86,95,113,129,141,144,151,171,177,205,228,243,268,283,291,307,315,326,342,353,356,395,399,406,412,418,430,461,486,496,510,521,524,534,556,562,577,610,619,672,681,704,711,721],"\nAmericas.1":[11],"In":[12,146],"case":[14,354],"United":[17,87,487],"States,":[18],"special":[20],"district":[21],"where":[22,98],"\nnation\u2019s":[24],"capital":[25,63],"is":[26,28,33,64,89,122,253,260,514,518,550,559,609,685,710,720],"located":[27],"named":[29,66],"after":[30,67],"him,":[31],"as":[32,186,480,508],"goddess":[35],"Columbia,":[36],"\nnineteenth-century":[38],"figure":[39],"who":[40,270,279],"symbolizes":[41],"American":[43,181,194,225,233,285,501],"nation.2":[44],"The":[45,117,235,663,708],"Columbia":[46],"River":[47],"in":[48,79,104,112,134,155,170,257,296,445,469,485,493,495,509,541,618,691,696],"Washington":[49],"State":[50],"bears":[51],"his":[52],"name,":[53],"along":[54],"with":[55,198,224,325],"one":[56],"country\u2019s":[59],"\ngreat":[60],"universities.":[61],"Ohio\u2019s":[62],"similarly":[65],"Genoa\u2019s":[68],"most":[69,627],"famous":[70],"\nson.":[71],"Understanding":[72],"representation":[74,130,152,172],"depiction":[76],"\nconsciousness":[81],"people":[84],"States":[88],"therefore":[90],"useful":[92],"undertaking":[93],"for":[94,347,370,423,429,677],"twenty-first":[96],"century,":[97],"historical":[99],"assumptions":[100],"are":[101,539],"being":[102],"\nquestioned":[103],"light":[105],"social":[107,526],"changes":[108,169],"that":[109,251,538,596,612,650,680],"have":[110,632],"occurred":[111],"last":[114],"50":[115],"years.\n":[116],"purpose":[118],"this":[120,162,350,470,607],"study":[121,471,608],"to":[123,143,159,167,201,218,222,247,282,333,383,473,532,548,571,598,606,635],"conduct":[124],"content":[126,497],"analysis":[127],"US":[135,667],"secondary":[136],"education":[137,624],"history":[138,182,195,226,259,502,636,643,668],"textbooks":[139,156,613,637,651,669],"\nfrom":[140],"1870s":[142],"present.":[145],"our":[147,467],"research":[148],"we":[149],"trace":[150],"\nColumbus":[154],"from":[157,245,272,330,440],"1875":[158],"2003.":[160],"Selecting":[161],"broad":[163],"period":[164],"\nallowed":[165],"us":[166],"see":[168,474],"corresponding":[175],"\nto":[176],"development":[178],"modern":[180,557],"textbooks.\n":[183,503],"As":[184,447],"recently":[185],"30":[187],"years":[188],"ago,":[189],"high":[190,499],"school":[191,500],"college":[193],"\ncourses":[196],"began":[197],"Columbus\u2019":[199,321,362,443],"voyages":[200],"discovery":[203,322],"\u201cNew":[206],"World.\u201d":[207],"\nNative":[208],"Americans":[209,249],"or":[210,452,688,693],"Indians":[211],"(as":[212],"renamed":[213],"by":[214,561,576],"Columbus)":[215],"were":[216],"thought":[217],"\nhave":[219],"very":[220,515],"little":[221],"do":[223],"subsequent":[229],"creation":[230],"\ncontemporary":[232],"society.3":[234],"relatively":[236],"recent":[237,357],"growth":[238],"ethnohistory":[240],"\nhas":[241],"shifted":[242],"focus":[244],"Europeans":[246],"pre-Columbian":[248],"so":[250],"\nthere":[252],"marked":[255],"change":[256],"whose":[258],"told.":[261],"Nineteenth-century":[262],"historians":[263,289],"presented":[264],"exalted":[265],"biographies":[266],"explorers":[269],"came":[271],"Seville,":[273],"\nParis,":[274],"Amsterdam,":[275],"London":[277],"laid":[280],"claim":[281],"North":[284],"\ncontinent.":[286],"Early":[287],"twentieth-century":[288],"featured":[290],"establishment":[292],"\nthe":[294,639],"colonies":[295],"Santo":[297],"Domingo,":[298],"Quebec,":[299],"Jamestown,":[301],"more":[303,351],"current":[304],"\ninquiries":[305],"discuss":[306],"lives":[308,437],"Tainos,":[310],"Cree,":[311],"Iroquois":[313],"before":[314],"events":[316,441],"\n1492.\n":[318],"Views":[319],"about":[320,394],"encounter":[324],"New":[327],"World":[328],"\nrange":[329],"benign":[331],"amusement":[332],"uncontrollable":[334],"rage.":[335],"Alfred":[336],"Crosby":[337],"suggests":[338,679],"\nthat":[339,438,555,626],"\u201cwas":[341],"advance":[343],"scout":[344],"catastrophe":[346],"Amerindians.\u201d4\nNowhere":[348],"was":[349,472],"clearly":[352],"than":[355],"500th":[358],"anniversary":[359],"celebration":[360,451],"voyage":[363,444],"discovery.":[365],"Summerhill":[366],"Williams":[368],"maintain,":[369],"example,":[371],"that,":[372],"\u201cthe":[373,653],"1992":[374],"Quincentenary":[375],"succeeded":[376],"because":[377],"it":[378,684],"failed.\u201d":[379],"\nPlanners":[380],"set":[381],"out":[382],"celebrate":[384],"an":[385,615,700],"imperial":[386],"past":[387],"but":[388,426],"found":[389,644],"themselves":[390],"confronting":[391],"difficult":[392],"questions":[393],"\u201crise":[396],"colonialism,":[398],"destruction":[400],"native":[402,433],"\nAmerican":[403],"societies,":[404],"disruption":[407],"biological":[409],"habitats":[410],"throughout":[411],"\nglobe.\u201d5":[413],"For":[414],"Latin":[415],"Americans,":[416],"especially,":[417],"quincentenary":[419],"did":[420],"not":[421,689],"call":[422],"\ncelebration":[425],"mourning":[428],"loss":[431],"cultures,":[434],"languages,":[435],"resulted":[439],"following":[442],"1492.":[446],"result,":[449],"\nquincentenary":[450],"commemoration":[453],"organizers":[454],"worldwide":[455],"acknowledged":[456],"these":[457],"concerns":[458],"dubbed":[460],"event":[462],"\u201cThe":[463],"Columbian":[464],"Encounter.\u201d6\nPart":[465],"interest":[468],"if":[475,683],"similar":[477],"trend":[478],"developed":[479],"partof":[481],"\u201cColumbian":[483,512],"discourse\u201d":[484],"States-a":[488],"discourse":[489,565,569],"reflected,":[490],"at":[491],"\nleast":[492],"part,":[494],"Our":[504],"model":[505,581],"discourse,":[507],"term":[511],"discourse,\u201d":[513],"specific":[516],"based":[519],"on":[520,666,674,703],"work":[522,586],"French":[525],"theorist":[527],"Michel":[528],"Foucault":[529],"\n(1926-1984).":[530],"According":[531],"Foucault,":[533],"corpora":[535],"text":[537],"connected":[540],"\na":[542],"genealogical":[543],"system":[544],"give":[546],"rise":[547],"knowledge":[549,573,657],"discourse.":[552,622],"He":[553],"maintains":[554,649],"individual":[558],"produced":[560],"disciplines":[563],"\ninstitutions.7":[567],"A":[568],"works":[570],"generate":[572],"power":[575],"\nimposition":[578],"through":[582],"body":[584],"(texts,":[587],"textbooks,":[588],"periodicals,":[589],"\npolitical":[590],"speeches,":[591],"drama,":[592],"popular":[594],"literature)":[595],"functions":[597],"redirect":[599],"\nbeliefs,":[600],"concepts,":[601],"ideas,":[602],"notions.\n":[604],"Fundamental":[605],"assumption":[611],"play":[614],"\nimportant":[616],"role":[617],"generation":[620],"Compulsory":[623],"ensures":[625],"citizens":[628],"country":[631],"exposed":[634],"quasi-official":[640],"accounts":[641],"within":[645],"them.":[646],"Michael":[647],"Apple":[648],"embody":[652],"visions":[654],"legitimate":[656],"identifiable":[659],"groups":[660],"people.\u201d8":[662],"1988":[664],"report":[665],"published":[670],"\nby":[671],"Council":[673],"Interracial":[675],"Books":[676],"Children":[678],"textbookeven":[682],"despised,":[686],"boring,":[687],"read":[690],"full,":[692],"later":[694],"forgotten":[695],"\nalmost":[697],"every":[698],"detail-stamps":[699],"indelible":[701],"imprint":[702,709,712],"minds":[705],"students.":[707],"\u201ctruth\u201d":[714],".":[715,716,717],"[t]he":[718],"stamp":[719,722],"\nauthority.9":[724]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
