{"id":"https://openalex.org/W762432972","doi":null,"title":"It\u2019s good to talk. An investigation into target language use in the modern languages classroom.","display_name":"It\u2019s good to talk. An investigation into target language use in the modern languages classroom.","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-07-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W762432972","mag":"762432972"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:era.ed.ac.uk:1842/5857","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5857","pdf_url":"https://era.ed.ac.uk/bitstream/1842/5857/2/Crichton2011.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055182","display_name":"ERA","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis or Dissertation"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://era.ed.ac.uk/bitstream/1842/5857/2/Crichton2011.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007017574","display_name":"Hazel Crichton","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hazel Crichton","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007017574"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10021","display_name":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","score":0.9804999828338623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10021","display_name":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","score":0.9804999828338623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12542","display_name":"Second Language Learning and Teaching","score":0.00860000029206276,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3310","display_name":"Linguistics and Language"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10383","display_name":"Language, Discourse, Communication Strategies","score":0.002300000051036477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/target-language-use","display_name":"target language use","score":0.8209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classroom-interaction","display_name":"classroom interaction","score":0.5609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modern-language-teaching","display_name":"modern language teaching","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secondary-school-students","display_name":"high school students","score":0.7409999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communicative-competence","display_name":"communicative competence","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teacher-scaffolding","display_name":"teacher scaffolding","score":0.6980000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/revoicing","display_name":"revoicing","score":0.7889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classroom-discourse","display_name":"classroom discourse","score":0.4309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adolescent-students","display_name":"adolescent students","score":0.5609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communication-skills-development","display_name":"communication skills development","score":0.49799999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/effective-teaching-practices","display_name":"good teaching practices","score":0.4399999976158142}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.5217288732528687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.47881895303726196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.3866671025753021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2962822914123535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.14979097247123718}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:era.ed.ac.uk:1842/5857","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5857","pdf_url":"https://era.ed.ac.uk/bitstream/1842/5857/2/Crichton2011.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055182","display_name":"ERA","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis or Dissertation"},{"id":"pmh:hdl:10068/999439","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10068/999439","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196900","display_name":"OpenGrey (Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1295345811","host_organization_name":"Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1295345811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"U - Thesis"},{"id":"mag:762432972","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://era.ed.ac.uk/handle/1842/5857","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:era.ed.ac.uk:1842/5857","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5857","pdf_url":"https://era.ed.ac.uk/bitstream/1842/5857/2/Crichton2011.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055182","display_name":"ERA","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis or Dissertation"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality education","score":0.9901999831199646,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W762432972.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W762432972.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":218,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W15856771","https://openalex.org/W35599901","https://openalex.org/W66499963","https://openalex.org/W71554415","https://openalex.org/W72324375","https://openalex.org/W91066853","https://openalex.org/W124814853","https://openalex.org/W131173000","https://openalex.org/W141204599","https://openalex.org/W149224258","https://openalex.org/W151332801","https://openalex.org/W161813247","https://openalex.org/W167880415","https://openalex.org/W169780224","https://openalex.org/W177306591","https://openalex.org/W186447774","https://openalex.org/W194914404","https://openalex.org/W302219281","https://openalex.org/W367997690","https://openalex.org/W437543448","https://openalex.org/W566641833","https://openalex.org/W578048550","https://openalex.org/W578537041","https://openalex.org/W582577556","https://openalex.org/W583038877","https://openalex.org/W583470785","https://openalex.org/W613266053","https://openalex.org/W615077575","https://openalex.org/W616350177","https://openalex.org/W617040511","https://openalex.org/W620850669","https://openalex.org/W643551492","https://openalex.org/W654798103","https://openalex.org/W750554587","https://openalex.org/W992735787","https://openalex.org/W1174540789","https://openalex.org/W1482147891","https://openalex.org/W1483762447","https://openalex.org/W1486673660","https://openalex.org/W1495403436","https://openalex.org/W1499806064","https://openalex.org/W1500218937","https://openalex.org/W1508840472","https://openalex.org/W1513018821","https://openalex.org/W1521494326","https://openalex.org/W1531613484","https://openalex.org/W1540479379","https://openalex.org/W1543589940","https://openalex.org/W1568728383","https://openalex.org/W1574866806","https://openalex.org/W1580322825","https://openalex.org/W1581342146","https://openalex.org/W1584697775","https://openalex.org/W1588614030","https://openalex.org/W1589643853","https://openalex.org/W1594017013","https://openalex.org/W1597854858","https://openalex.org/W1602002537","https://openalex.org/W1765741150","https://openalex.org/W1915092452","https://openalex.org/W1963679057","https://openalex.org/W1963854724","https://openalex.org/W1977883972","https://openalex.org/W1978558298","https://openalex.org/W1980502920","https://openalex.org/W1983662126","https://openalex.org/W1984218255","https://openalex.org/W1991857593","https://openalex.org/W1993733394","https://openalex.org/W1993768982","https://openalex.org/W1994133656","https://openalex.org/W1994735268","https://openalex.org/W1998766350","https://openalex.org/W1999480495","https://openalex.org/W1999991765","https://openalex.org/W2001042746","https://openalex.org/W2001281375","https://openalex.org/W2002951533","https://openalex.org/W2005637168","https://openalex.org/W2011713656","https://openalex.org/W2012085623","https://openalex.org/W2012430895","https://openalex.org/W2015478155","https://openalex.org/W2017923336","https://openalex.org/W2018159701","https://openalex.org/W2021140727","https://openalex.org/W2023209478","https://openalex.org/W2023432679","https://openalex.org/W2023890169","https://openalex.org/W2026878018","https://openalex.org/W2028839410","https://openalex.org/W2029614475","https://openalex.org/W2031928699","https://openalex.org/W2032818944","https://openalex.org/W2034764148","https://openalex.org/W2037901701","https://openalex.org/W2038964350","https://openalex.org/W2041257713","https://openalex.org/W2043533996","https://openalex.org/W2047447679","https://openalex.org/W2050796130","https://openalex.org/W2051622150","https://openalex.org/W2052401917","https://openalex.org/W2052600223","https://openalex.org/W2052652873","https://openalex.org/W2053069289","https://openalex.org/W2054056587","https://openalex.org/W2054947388","https://openalex.org/W2056219096","https://openalex.org/W2057470028","https://openalex.org/W2058298356","https://openalex.org/W2058849500","https://openalex.org/W2059518819","https://openalex.org/W2060765064","https://openalex.org/W2062273198","https://openalex.org/W2062318071","https://openalex.org/W2067063040","https://openalex.org/W2071035381","https://openalex.org/W2072052823","https://openalex.org/W2072404599","https://openalex.org/W2073857093","https://openalex.org/W2075509776","https://openalex.org/W2076767024","https://openalex.org/W2078355667","https://openalex.org/W2080503468","https://openalex.org/W2080755392","https://openalex.org/W2081482167","https://openalex.org/W2081671129","https://openalex.org/W2084522697","https://openalex.org/W2086034674","https://openalex.org/W2086527332","https://openalex.org/W2089945858","https://openalex.org/W2090137490","https://openalex.org/W2090401729","https://openalex.org/W2090442213","https://openalex.org/W2093517151","https://openalex.org/W2094187002","https://openalex.org/W2100062023","https://openalex.org/W2101768112","https://openalex.org/W2102305037","https://openalex.org/W2106238660","https://openalex.org/W2109942963","https://openalex.org/W2112113938","https://openalex.org/W2112725522","https://openalex.org/W2113537253","https://openalex.org/W2115325640","https://openalex.org/W2115375428","https://openalex.org/W2115591507","https://openalex.org/W2118487170","https://openalex.org/W2119274157","https://openalex.org/W2120879736","https://openalex.org/W2121468562","https://openalex.org/W2122628528","https://openalex.org/W2125317719","https://openalex.org/W2125821178","https://openalex.org/W2127573898","https://openalex.org/W2128287563","https://openalex.org/W2128366735","https://openalex.org/W2132205529","https://openalex.org/W2132347018","https://openalex.org/W2135943618","https://openalex.org/W2137894791","https://openalex.org/W2138679593","https://openalex.org/W2138941564","https://openalex.org/W2140080470","https://openalex.org/W2145811616","https://openalex.org/W2149205793","https://openalex.org/W2151516367","https://openalex.org/W2151626300","https://openalex.org/W2151648027","https://openalex.org/W2151684024","https://openalex.org/W2152597554","https://openalex.org/W2152615458","https://openalex.org/W2156900568","https://openalex.org/W2157463827","https://openalex.org/W2159397099","https://openalex.org/W2159806270","https://openalex.org/W2159932002","https://openalex.org/W2166404386","https://openalex.org/W2166522237","https://openalex.org/W2167516857","https://openalex.org/W2167826777","https://openalex.org/W2168567570","https://openalex.org/W2170716495","https://openalex.org/W2171148471","https://openalex.org/W2183460454","https://openalex.org/W2185861637","https://openalex.org/W2225993448","https://openalex.org/W2245777361","https://openalex.org/W2252418594","https://openalex.org/W2314910701","https://openalex.org/W2324693496","https://openalex.org/W2330239836","https://openalex.org/W2339784187","https://openalex.org/W2475822427","https://openalex.org/W2484035501","https://openalex.org/W2485644824","https://openalex.org/W2486219072","https://openalex.org/W2496579211","https://openalex.org/W2503763978","https://openalex.org/W2535903929","https://openalex.org/W2727839959","https://openalex.org/W2877288872","https://openalex.org/W2896341164","https://openalex.org/W2903180711","https://openalex.org/W2971203624","https://openalex.org/W2979053679","https://openalex.org/W3000408943","https://openalex.org/W3022053882","https://openalex.org/W3023146661","https://openalex.org/W3035200446","https://openalex.org/W3110225442","https://openalex.org/W3115635048","https://openalex.org/W3144127399","https://openalex.org/W3161994736","https://openalex.org/W3214183616","https://openalex.org/W4236012820","https://openalex.org/W4244351761"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W13482214","https://openalex.org/W2165938732","https://openalex.org/W2908662664","https://openalex.org/W2599429858","https://openalex.org/W3198976359","https://openalex.org/W7164717523","https://openalex.org/W2610685799","https://openalex.org/W2044449951","https://openalex.org/W7037363207","https://openalex.org/W7046352755"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Although":[0,187],"there":[1,22],"is":[2],"a":[3,19,42,101,163,201,271,442],"considerable":[4],"body":[5],"of":[6,11,16,31,41,51,63,82,99,112,114,128,165,176,182,204,249,287,290,332,355,377,389,393,405,440],"research":[7,52],"into":[8,28],"various":[9],"aspects":[10],"the":[12,29,39,49,56,75,80,115,126,142,183,188,205,210,235,242,247,250,262,266,282,294,297,318,327,330,337,352,387,390,396,400,431,438,448,455],"teaching":[13,30],"and":[14,109,162,209,226,399],"learning":[15,100],"English":[17],"as":[18,150,152,301,421,423],"foreign":[20,33,102],"language,":[21],"appear":[23,435],"to":[24,36,67,121,135,146,153,171,199,215,240,269,279,336,342,347,366,386,412,436,452],"be":[25],"few":[26],"studies":[27],"modern":[32],"languages":[34],"(ML)":[35],"adolescents":[37],"in":[38,72,74,95,156,218,260,281,296,304,311,313,351,363,395,408,417,454],"context":[40],"secondary":[43,69,105],"school":[44,70],"setting.":[45],"This":[46],"thesis":[47,381],"reports":[48],"findings":[50,257],"aimed":[53],"at":[54,104],"identifying":[55],"strategies":[57,432],"that":[58,139,402],"ML":[59,397],"teachers,":[60,420],"considered":[61,238],"examples":[62],"good":[64],"practice,":[65],"used":[66,141,264],"engage":[68],"learners":[71,217,303,338,365,411],"interaction":[73,316,394],"target":[76],"language":[77,103,370],"(TL)":[78],"with":[79,90,125,234],"objective":[81],"developing":[83,219],"their":[84,91,96,130,166,308,349,368],"communicative":[85,221,252],"competence.":[86],"Four":[87],"teachers\u2019":[88,116,206,285,403],"lessons":[89,118],"pupils":[92,137,167,276],"aged":[93],"14-15,":[94],"third":[97],"year":[98],"school,":[106],"were":[107,119,168,190,196,237,277],"observed":[108,117],"audio-recorded.":[110],"Three":[111],"each":[113],"subjected":[120],"fine":[122],"grained":[123],"analysis":[124,376],"aim":[127],"delineating":[129],"TL":[131,143,207,263,333,358,406,414,456],"moves":[132],"which":[133,246,261,344,434,446],"appeared":[134,361],"influence":[136],"so":[138],"they":[140,340],"themselves":[144],"readily":[145],"communicate":[147],"meaning":[148,310,350],"\u2018naturally\u2019":[149],"well":[151,422],"practise":[154],"structures":[155],"more":[157,425],"controlled":[158],"exercises.":[159],"The":[160,256,284],"teachers":[161,267,328],"sample":[164],"subsequently":[169],"interviewed":[170],"provide":[172,200],"confirmation":[173],"or":[174],"disconfirmation":[175],"initial":[177],"patterns":[178],"arising":[179],"from":[180,430],"examination":[181],"observational":[184],"data":[185,189],"set.":[186],"analysed":[191],"predominantly":[192],"qualitatively,":[193],"quantitative":[194],"methods":[195],"also":[197,360],"employed":[198,325],"clear":[202],"picture":[203],"use":[208,286,367,404],"way":[211],"it":[212],"was":[213,254,299,329],"deployed":[214],"assist":[216],"effective":[220],"skills.":[222],"Goffman\u2019s":[223],"(1981)":[224],"production":[225],"Wadensjo\u0308\u2019s":[227],"(1998)":[228],"reception":[229],"formats,":[230],"not":[231],"normally":[232],"associated":[233],"classroom,":[236],"appropriate":[239],"describe":[241],"participation":[243],"frameworks":[244],"within":[245],"development":[248],"learners\u2019":[251,356],"proficiency":[253],"supported.":[255],"display":[258],"ways":[259],"by":[265,326],"helped":[268],"create":[270],"secure":[272],"collaborative":[273,443],"atmosphere":[274],"where":[275],"disposed":[278],"respond":[280],"TL.":[283,353],"different":[288],"\u2018types\u2019":[289],"TL,":[291],"depending":[292],"on":[293],"focus":[295],"lesson,":[298],"viewed":[300],"supporting":[302,364],"preparation":[305],"for":[306],"communicating":[307],"own":[309],"exchanges":[312],"\u2018real":[314],"world\u2019":[315],"outside":[317],"classroom.":[319],"A":[320],"particularly":[321],"successful":[322,362],"scaffolding":[323],"strategy":[324],"provision":[331],"cues":[334],"offered":[335],"before":[339],"responded":[341],"initiations":[343],"enabled":[345],"them":[346,451],"express":[348],"Revoicing":[354],"incomplete":[357],"utterances":[359],"limited":[369],"resource":[371],"effectively.":[372],"Through":[373],"its":[374],"close":[375],"classroom":[378,398,444],"talk,":[379],"this":[380],"offers":[382],"an":[383],"important":[384],"contribution":[385],"understanding":[388],"complex":[391],"nature":[392],"role":[401],"plays":[407],"assisting":[409],"adolescent":[410],"develop":[413],"communication":[415],"skills":[416],"interaction.":[418],"Beginning":[419],"those":[424],"experienced":[426],"practitioners,":[427],"should":[428],"benefit":[429],"identified,":[433],"highlight":[437],"importance":[439],"establishing":[441],"ethos":[445],"supports":[447],"learners,":[449],"allowing":[450],"contribute":[453],"successfully.":[457]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}