{"id":"https://openalex.org/W76215242","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31274/jctp-180810-41","title":"Complicating Blackness: Black Immigrants & Racial Positioning in U.S. Higher Education","display_name":"Complicating Blackness: Black Immigrants & Racial Positioning in U.S. Higher Education","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W76215242","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31274/jctp-180810-41","mag":"76215242"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.31274/jctp-180810-41","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31274/jctp-180810-41","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31274/jctp-180810-41","pdf_url":"https://www.iastatedigitalpress.com/jctp/article/id/591/download/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210229447","display_name":"Journal of Critical Thought and Praxis","issn_l":"2325-1204","issn":["2325-1204"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Critical Thought and Praxis","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.iastatedigitalpress.com/jctp/article/id/591/download/pdf/","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080885435","display_name":"Chrystal A. George Mwangi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3343-6316","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3343-6316"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chrystal A. George Mwangi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Massachusetts, Amherst","University of Massachusetts: Amherst#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Massachusetts, Amherst","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Massachusetts: Amherst#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5080885435"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.6683,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":45,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94905118,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"2","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11384","display_name":"Critical Race Theory in Education","score":0.9678000211715698,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11384","display_name":"Critical Race Theory in Education","score":0.9678000211715698,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10267","display_name":"Higher Education Research Studies","score":0.02419999986886978,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10652","display_name":"Racial and Ethnic Identity Research","score":0.004399999976158142,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/black-immigrants","display_name":"Black immigrants","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/higher-education","display_name":"higher education","score":0.6539999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/affirmative-action","display_name":"affirmative action","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-disaggregation","display_name":"data disaggregation","score":0.6150000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nativity","display_name":"nativity","score":0.6259999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generational-status","display_name":"generational status","score":0.7300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/campus-diversity","display_name":"campus diversity","score":0.5320000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiculturalism","display_name":"multiculturalism","score":0.9319999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blackness","display_name":"Blackness","score":0.45500001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/black-faculty","display_name":"Black faculty","score":0.3659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/african-american-students","display_name":"African American students","score":0.5849999785423279}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70036468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131288","display_name":"Immigration","level":2,"score":0.7697069644927979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781316041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230584","display_name":"Diversity (politics)","level":2,"score":0.6737761497497559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776515129","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7306218","display_name":"Redress","level":2,"score":0.6176387667655945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777732099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214244","display_name":"Affirmative action","level":2,"score":0.5928314328193665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107993555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662673","display_name":"Gender studies","level":1,"score":0.5865161418914795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.5181409120559692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120912362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q136822","display_name":"Higher education","level":2,"score":0.5177913904190063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777880217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4674282","display_name":"Acknowledgement","level":2,"score":0.48692357540130615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76509639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918036","display_name":"Race (biology)","level":2,"score":0.48110431432724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137403100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41710","display_name":"Ethnic group","level":2,"score":0.45332732796669006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139838865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8461","display_name":"Racism","level":2,"score":0.4447748363018036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.42507562041282654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109359841","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q728944","display_name":"Inclusion (mineral)","level":2,"score":0.42345571517944336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542530943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190656","display_name":"Multiculturalism","level":2,"score":0.4163277745246887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3233150243759155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.15266239643096924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.11971279978752136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.10180595517158508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.07173767685890198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.31274/jctp-180810-41","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31274/jctp-180810-41","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31274/jctp-180810-41","pdf_url":"https://www.iastatedigitalpress.com/jctp/article/id/591/download/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210229447","display_name":"Journal of Critical Thought and Praxis","issn_l":"2325-1204","issn":["2325-1204"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Critical Thought and Praxis","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.676.7911","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.676.7911","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article%3D1048%26context%3Djctp","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:lib.dr.iastate.edu:jctp-1048","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/jctp/vol3/iss2/3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196104","display_name":"Iowa State University Digital Repository (Iowa State University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I173911158","host_organization_name":"Iowa State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Critical Thought and Praxis","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.31274/jctp-180810-41","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31274/jctp-180810-41","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31274/jctp-180810-41","pdf_url":"https://www.iastatedigitalpress.com/jctp/article/id/591/download/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210229447","display_name":"Journal of Critical Thought and Praxis","issn_l":"2325-1204","issn":["2325-1204"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Critical Thought and Praxis","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.9629999995231628,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"},{"display_name":"Quality education","score":0.6164000034332275,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309024","display_name":"National Geographic Society","ror":"https://ror.org/04bqh5m06"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W76215242.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W76215242.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":71,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W36702896","https://openalex.org/W62199895","https://openalex.org/W74377839","https://openalex.org/W612801570","https://openalex.org/W631185073","https://openalex.org/W978697539","https://openalex.org/W1493987356","https://openalex.org/W1588992286","https://openalex.org/W1600299861","https://openalex.org/W1606799113","https://openalex.org/W1942335684","https://openalex.org/W1969496668","https://openalex.org/W1975738740","https://openalex.org/W1978192015","https://openalex.org/W1979947421","https://openalex.org/W1986128007","https://openalex.org/W1992138055","https://openalex.org/W1994626099","https://openalex.org/W1995681599","https://openalex.org/W2002339117","https://openalex.org/W2004056411","https://openalex.org/W2021859124","https://openalex.org/W2022448766","https://openalex.org/W2023644304","https://openalex.org/W2032543809","https://openalex.org/W2043427079","https://openalex.org/W2045458544","https://openalex.org/W2061711866","https://openalex.org/W2062454778","https://openalex.org/W2066954621","https://openalex.org/W2068511828","https://openalex.org/W2087703491","https://openalex.org/W2091368071","https://openalex.org/W2103104835","https://openalex.org/W2106459817","https://openalex.org/W2114563933","https://openalex.org/W2114610381","https://openalex.org/W2116051907","https://openalex.org/W2120603874","https://openalex.org/W2121075455","https://openalex.org/W2138809005","https://openalex.org/W2148052599","https://openalex.org/W2153644646","https://openalex.org/W2188983213","https://openalex.org/W2265791986","https://openalex.org/W2326794178","https://openalex.org/W2342771472","https://openalex.org/W2489165867","https://openalex.org/W2797055448","https://openalex.org/W3081711933","https://openalex.org/W3124954684","https://openalex.org/W4233188495","https://openalex.org/W4239919959","https://openalex.org/W4241231043","https://openalex.org/W4256219458","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4299515021","https://openalex.org/W4300112579","https://openalex.org/W4300586726","https://openalex.org/W4380763755","https://openalex.org/W4388335132","https://openalex.org/W4392996533","https://openalex.org/W6603014445","https://openalex.org/W6603451076","https://openalex.org/W6661539989","https://openalex.org/W6687015003","https://openalex.org/W6816015328","https://openalex.org/W6987373186","https://openalex.org/W6992008739","https://openalex.org/W7029332554","https://openalex.org/W7033518999"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7100623874","https://openalex.org/W4396974621","https://openalex.org/W7155707527","https://openalex.org/W4312610775","https://openalex.org/W1942482623","https://openalex.org/W7155692670","https://openalex.org/W4229046563","https://openalex.org/W7046547637","https://openalex.org/W2955909759","https://openalex.org/W1975738740"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"critically":[2],"analyzes":[3],"the":[4,35,42,56,77,111,128,139,143,151,185,188,192],"racial":[5,78,121],"positioning":[6,79],"of":[7,27,38,59,80,113,130,138,145,155,164,166,178,180,190,198],"Black":[8,39,49,81,94,131,146,167,181],"immigrant":[9,132],"collegians":[10,133],"and":[11,17,34,45,67,70,118,123,173,176,196],"faculty":[12],"within":[13],"race-based":[14],"policies,":[15],"practices,":[16],"discourse":[18,47],"in":[19,41,51,83,158],"U.S.":[20,114],"higher":[21,52,84,99,159],"education;":[22],"illustrates":[23],"how":[24],"traditional":[25],"constructs":[26],"race":[28,144],"are":[29,110,125],"complicated":[30],"by":[31,127,170],"globalization,":[32],"migration,":[33],"growing":[36],"population":[37],"immigrants":[40,82,95,147],"United":[43],"States;":[44],"extends":[46],"on":[48,202],"heterogeneity":[50],"education.":[53,85],"I":[54,89],"utilize":[55],"dual":[57],"purposes":[58],"affirmative":[60],"action":[61],"\u2013":[62,72],"1)":[63,93],"redressing":[64],"past":[65,105],"wrongs":[66,106],"2)":[68,119],"diversity":[69,122],"inclusion":[71],"as":[73,153],"frameworks":[74],"to":[75,103,162],"analyze":[76],"Using":[86],"this":[87],"framework":[88],"compare":[90],"two":[91],"positions:":[92],"wrongly":[96],"benefit":[97],"from":[98],"education":[100,160],"initiatives":[101],"created":[102],"redress":[104],"against":[107],"Blacks":[108],"who":[109],"descendants":[112],"slaves":[115],"(Graham,":[116],"2002);":[117],"Campus":[120],"multiculturalism":[124],"enhanced":[126],"presence":[129],"(Wilcher,":[134],"2011).":[135],"Detailed":[136],"analysis":[137],"literature":[140],"illustrate":[141],"that":[142,154,200],"is":[148],"often":[149],"positioned":[150],"same":[152],"African":[156],"Americans":[157],"due":[161],"lack":[163,177],"disaggregation":[165],"student/faculty":[168],"data":[169],"ethnicity,":[171],"nativity,":[172],"generational":[174],"status":[175],"acknowledgement":[179],"within-group":[182],"diversity.":[183],"Overall,":[184],"findings":[186],"highlight":[187],"importance":[189],"recognizing":[191],"complexities":[193],"around":[194],"definitions":[195],"perceptions":[197],"Blackness":[199],"exists":[201],"today\u2019s":[203],"college":[204],"campuses.":[205]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
