{"id":"https://openalex.org/W761380975","doi":null,"title":"Biological control of phytophagous mites in apple orchards in the Elgin area of South Africa using the predatory mite, Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) (Mesostigmata: Phytoseiidae): A benefit-cost analysis","display_name":"Biological control of phytophagous mites in apple orchards in the Elgin area of South Africa using the predatory mite, Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) (Mesostigmata: Phytoseiidae): A benefit-cost analysis","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W761380975","mag":"761380975"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/8629","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/8629","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400300","display_name":"SUNScholar (Stellenbosch University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I26092322","host_organization_name":"Stellenbosch University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26092322"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://scholar.sun.ac.za:443/handle/10019.1/8629","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011163236","display_name":"Ken L. Pringle","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. L. Pringle","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019978051","display_name":"J. M. Heunis","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. M. Heunis","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8476,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72620027,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"1","first_page":"113","last_page":"121"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10135","display_name":"Insect-Plant Interactions and Control","score":0.9721999764442444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1109","display_name":"Insect Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10135","display_name":"Insect-Plant Interactions and Control","score":0.9721999764442444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1109","display_name":"Insect Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12361","display_name":"Study of Mite Species","score":0.013299999758601189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11065","display_name":"Insect Pest Control Strategies","score":0.0017999999690800905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neoseiulus-californicus","display_name":"Neoseiulus californicus","score":0.9240000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biological-control","display_name":"biological control","score":0.9480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/predatory-mites","display_name":"predatory mites","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/apple-orchards","display_name":"apple orchards","score":0.8450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phytophagous-mites","display_name":"phytophagous mites","score":0.9070000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tetranychus-urticae","display_name":"Tetranychus urticae","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/panonychus-ulmi","display_name":"Panonychus ulmi","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cost-benefit-analysis","display_name":"cost-benefit analysis","score":0.9629999995231628}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779283209","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q136828","display_name":"Phytoseiidae","level":4,"score":0.894996166229248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.8873249292373657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74714110","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q416014","display_name":"Acaricide","level":2,"score":0.860541045665741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779711295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2441993","display_name":"Mite","level":2,"score":0.72691810131073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776906779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1335549","display_name":"Tetranychus urticae","level":3,"score":0.6808367371559143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778135468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q640085","display_name":"Panonychus ulmi","level":4,"score":0.6063826084136963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5655133724212646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780755047","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2441993","display_name":"Acari","level":2,"score":0.457935094833374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144027150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48803","display_name":"Horticulture","level":1,"score":0.44567960500717163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96857902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2138108","display_name":"Predator","level":3,"score":0.4382725954055786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780220825","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1341457","display_name":"Acariformes","level":3,"score":0.4336963891983032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779248279","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q676204","display_name":"Spider mite","level":3,"score":0.4310634732246399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104727253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q116890","display_name":"Biological pest control","level":2,"score":0.42339447140693665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33070731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7218","display_name":"Toxicology","level":1,"score":0.38745129108428955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188382862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170430","display_name":"Predation","level":2,"score":0.34938597679138184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.34773069620132446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.2760043442249298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/8629","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/8629","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400300","display_name":"SUNScholar (Stellenbosch University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I26092322","host_organization_name":"Stellenbosch University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26092322"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"mag:761380975","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholar.sun.ac.za:443/handle/10019.1/8629","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117207475","display_name":"African Entomology","issn_l":"1021-3589","issn":["1021-3589","2224-8854"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dhet","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","scielo"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320440","host_organization_name":"Peter Lang","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320440"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Peter Lang"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"African Entomology","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"mag:761380975","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholar.sun.ac.za:443/handle/10019.1/8629","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117207475","display_name":"African Entomology","issn_l":"1021-3589","issn":["1021-3589","2224-8854"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dhet","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","scielo"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320440","host_organization_name":"Peter Lang","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320440"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Peter Lang"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"African Entomology","raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.9208999872207642},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life on land","score":0.8518999814987183}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4415415690","https://openalex.org/W4320040386","https://openalex.org/W1988900525","https://openalex.org/W173082002","https://openalex.org/W4409285337","https://openalex.org/W3192171751","https://openalex.org/W2000035889","https://openalex.org/W2048649165","https://openalex.org/W14807060","https://openalex.org/W2014572523"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Neoseiulus":[0],"californicus":[1,49,68],"has":[2,50],"been":[3,51],"the":[4,9,13,20,29,56,84,93,117,122,134,142,166,182,184,196,198,219,222,243,253],"dominant":[5],"mite":[6,124],"predator":[7],"in":[8,141,165],"Elgin":[10,143,167],"district":[11],"of":[12,35,55,100,108,136,186,201,233],"Western":[14],"Cape":[15],"Province,":[16],"South":[17],"Africa,":[18],"since":[19],"1994/95":[21],"season":[22,31],"when":[23,71],"it":[24,89,246],"was":[25,90,163,188,204,209,225,247],"first":[26,220],"recorded.":[27,46],"During":[28],"2002/03":[30,87,120],"relatively":[32],"high":[33],"numbers":[34],"Euseius":[36],"addoensis,":[37],"a":[38,231],"local":[39],"specialist":[40],"pollen":[41],"feeder/generalist":[42],"predator,":[43],"were":[44,73,179],"also":[45],"While":[47],"N.":[48,67,137],"present,":[52],"population":[53,98,125],"levels":[54],"phytophagous":[57,78,94,101,123],"mites,":[58],"Tetranychus":[59],"urticae":[60],"and":[61,76,86,119,208,216,228,236,250],"Panonychus":[62],"ulmi,":[63],"have":[64],"declined":[65],"steadily.":[66],"usually":[69,103],"appeared":[70],"there":[72,170],"between":[74,105],"two":[75,109],"four":[77],"mites":[79,95,102,112],"per":[80,113,151,239],"leaf.":[81],"However,":[82],"during":[83,116,190],"2001/02":[85,118],"seasons,":[88],"recorded":[91],"before":[92],"appeared.":[96],"The":[97],"peak":[99],"varied":[104],"an":[106,202],"average":[107],"to":[110,133],"13":[111],"leaf,":[114],"while":[115],"seasons":[121],"peaked":[126],"at":[127,146,193,206],"less":[128],"than":[129],"one":[130,148],"mite/leaf.":[131],"Prior":[132],"appearance":[135],"californicus,":[138],"apple":[139],"orchards":[140],"area":[144],"received":[145],"least":[147],"acaricide":[149,203],"spray":[150],"season.":[152,255],"Acaricides":[153],"are":[154,171],"no":[155],"longer":[156],"used":[157],"on":[158],"apples.":[159,176],"A":[160],"benefit-cost":[161,223],"analysis":[162],"conducted":[164],"district,":[168],"where":[169],"approximately":[172],"8000":[173],"ha":[174],"bearing":[175],"Two":[177],"scenarios":[178],"analysed.":[180],"In":[181,195,218,242],"first,":[183],"cost":[185],"acaricides":[187,238],"fixed":[189],"each":[191],"year":[192],"R60.00/ha.":[194],"second,":[197],"1993":[199],"price":[200],"set":[205],"R250.00":[207],"escalated":[210],"using":[211],"index":[212],"values":[213],"for":[214,230,252],"sprays":[215],"dips.":[217],"scenario":[221,245],"ratio":[224],"34,":[226],"52":[227],"69":[229],"reduction":[232],"1,":[234],"1.5":[235],"2":[237],"season,":[240],"respectively.":[241],"second":[244],"189,":[248],"284":[249],"378":[251],"same":[254]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
