{"id":"https://openalex.org/W761006508","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18785/gcr.2001.10","title":"An Unusual Reaction and Other Observations of Sperm Whales Near Fixed-Wing Aircraft","display_name":"An Unusual Reaction and Other Observations of Sperm Whales Near Fixed-Wing Aircraft","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W761006508","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18785/gcr.2001.10","mag":"761006508"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18785/gcr.2001.10","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18785/gcr.2001.10","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18785/gcr.2001.10","pdf_url":"https://aquila.usm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1439&context=gcr","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764937468","display_name":"Gulf and Caribbean Research","issn_l":"1528-0470","issn":["1528-0470","2572-1410"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316804","host_organization_name":"University of Southern Mississippi","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316804"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Southern Mississippi"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Gulf and Caribbean Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://aquila.usm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1439&context=gcr","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020000760","display_name":"Mari A. Smultea","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1434-4387","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1434-4387"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25390106","display_name":"University of Hawaii\u2013West Oahu","ror":"https://ror.org/05radvt19","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25390106"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mari A. Smultea","raw_affiliation_strings":["None","1 29333 SE 64th Street, Issaquah, Washington 98027 USA","Geo-Marine, Inc","University of Hawaii, West Oahu"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"None","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"1 29333 SE 64th Street, Issaquah, Washington 98027 USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Geo-Marine, Inc","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Hawaii, West Oahu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25390106"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007789837","display_name":"Joseph R. Mobley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1796-6843","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1796-6843"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25390106","display_name":"University of Hawaii\u2013West Oahu","ror":"https://ror.org/05radvt19","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25390106"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44854399","display_name":"University of Southern Mississippi","ror":"https://ror.org/0270vfa57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141039","https://openalex.org/I44854399"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph R. Mobley","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Hawaii, West Oahu","University of Southern Mississippi"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Hawaii, West Oahu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25390106"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern Mississippi","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44854399"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071490264","display_name":"Dagmar Fertl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3946-9490","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3946-9490"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dagmar Fertl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Geo-Marine, Inc","Geo-Marine, Inc., 2201 K Avenue, Suite A2, Plano, Texas 75074 USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Geo-Marine, Inc","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Geo-Marine, Inc., 2201 K Avenue, Suite A2, Plano, Texas 75074 USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076547775","display_name":"Gregory L. Fulling","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gregory L. Fulling","raw_affiliation_strings":["Geo-Marine, Inc","Geo-Marine, Inc., 2201 K Avenue, Suite A2, Plano, Texas 75074 USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Geo-Marine, Inc","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Geo-Marine, Inc., 2201 K Avenue, Suite A2, Plano, Texas 75074 USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5071490264"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10659","display_name":"Marine animal studies overview","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10659","display_name":"Marine animal studies overview","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10838","display_name":"Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1103","display_name":"Animal Science and Zoology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10199","display_name":"Wildlife Ecology and Conservation","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sperm-whale","display_name":"sperm whale","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fixed-wing-aircraft","display_name":"fixed-wing aircraft","score":0.6150000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aircraft-noise","display_name":"aircraft noise","score":0.5120000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cetacean-behavior","display_name":"cetacean behavior","score":0.6769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-behavior","display_name":"surface behaviour","score":0.4259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anthropogenic-disturbance","display_name":"human disturbance","score":0.5360000133514404}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018522811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2875704","display_name":"Fixed wing","level":3,"score":0.8556904792785645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97257150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161358","display_name":"Wing","level":2,"score":0.6809799671173096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781087480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17145","display_name":"Sperm","level":2,"score":0.6089974641799927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776123653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81214","display_name":"Sperm whale","level":3,"score":0.5609695911407471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.3880918025970459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.24861949682235718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1389196515083313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778063876","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192642","display_name":"Myoglobin","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18785/gcr.2001.10","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18785/gcr.2001.10","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18785/gcr.2001.10","pdf_url":"https://aquila.usm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1439&context=gcr","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764937468","display_name":"Gulf and Caribbean Research","issn_l":"1528-0470","issn":["1528-0470","2572-1410"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316804","host_organization_name":"University of Southern Mississippi","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316804"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Southern Mississippi"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Gulf and Caribbean Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.904.1404","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.904.1404","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://aquila.usm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article%3D1439%26context%3Dgcr","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:aquila.usm.edu:gcr-1439","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://aquila.usm.edu/gcr/vol20/iss1/10","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402529","display_name":"Aquila Digital Community (University of Southern Mississippi)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I44854399","host_organization_name":"University of Southern Mississippi","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44854399"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Gulf and Caribbean Research","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:biodiversitylibrary.org:part/450387","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/450387","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402618","display_name":"Biodiversity Heritage Library (Smithsonian Institution)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I103187081","host_organization_name":"Smithsonian Institution","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103187081"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18785/gcr.2001.10","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18785/gcr.2001.10","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18785/gcr.2001.10","pdf_url":"https://aquila.usm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1439&context=gcr","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764937468","display_name":"Gulf and Caribbean Research","issn_l":"1528-0470","issn":["1528-0470","2572-1410"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316804","host_organization_name":"University of Southern Mississippi","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316804"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Southern Mississippi"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Gulf and Caribbean Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332815","display_name":"Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337772","display_name":"National Marine Fisheries Service","ror":"https://ror.org/033mqx355"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W761006508.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W761006508.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W310243288","https://openalex.org/W572086733","https://openalex.org/W1560802542","https://openalex.org/W1651271717","https://openalex.org/W2031539711","https://openalex.org/W2037678322","https://openalex.org/W2057392029","https://openalex.org/W2065040737","https://openalex.org/W2066234135","https://openalex.org/W2086054418","https://openalex.org/W2105879912","https://openalex.org/W2135071215","https://openalex.org/W2151351396","https://openalex.org/W2159866736","https://openalex.org/W2289708289","https://openalex.org/W3134845737","https://openalex.org/W3217163131","https://openalex.org/W4243484053","https://openalex.org/W4245457449","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4300093937","https://openalex.org/W6616288616"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7100492409","https://openalex.org/W276125689","https://openalex.org/W2086054418","https://openalex.org/W2030018094","https://openalex.org/W7140097726","https://openalex.org/W2031539711","https://openalex.org/W4376274538","https://openalex.org/W7077070201","https://openalex.org/W2101552931","https://openalex.org/W2011574857"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Reported":[0],"behavioral":[1,66,144],"reactions":[2,39,58,128],"by":[3,147,154],"sperm":[4,27,37,126,148],"whales":[5,28,149],"to":[6,30,40,57,120,129,135,159],"aircraft":[7,131],"are":[8,104,119],"sparse,":[9],"highly":[10],"variable,":[11],"and":[12,43,64,106,158],"largely":[13],"anecdotal":[14],"as":[15,60],"summarized":[16],"below.":[17],"Observers":[18],"since":[19],"the":[20,88,113],"whaling":[21],"era":[22],"began":[23],"have":[24],"noted":[25],"that":[26,99],"tend":[29],"be":[31],"skittish":[32],"(Whitehead":[33],"2003).":[34],"When":[35],"documented,":[36],"whale":[38,127],"both":[41],"planes":[42],"helicopters":[44],"range":[45],"from":[46],"no":[47],"reaction":[48],"(Clarke":[49,68],"1956,":[50,69],"Gambell":[51],"1968,":[52],"Green":[53],"et":[54,71,75,79,83],"al.":[55,72,76,80,84],"1992)":[56],"such":[59],"increased":[61],"surface":[62],"intervals":[63],"dramatic":[65],"changes":[67],"Fritts":[70],"1983,":[73],"Mullin":[74],"1991,":[77],"Wu\u0308rsig":[78],"1998,":[81],"Richter":[82],"2003,":[85],"2006).":[86],"Given":[87],"lack":[89],"of":[90,102,116,125,140,164],"supporting":[91],"data":[92,103],"for":[93],"either":[94],"case,":[95],"it":[96],"is":[97],"important":[98],"these":[100],"types":[101],"collected":[105],"consolidated":[107],"into":[108],"a":[109,137,141,161],"cohesive":[110],"document.":[111],"Therefore,":[112],"specific":[114],"objectives":[115],"our":[117,122],"paper":[118],"report":[121,136],"visual":[123],"observations":[124],"straight-line":[130],"fly-bys":[132],"(i.e.,":[133],"passes),":[134],"unique":[138],"observation":[139],"recognized":[142],"\u201cstress":[143],"reaction\u201d":[145],"exhibited":[146],"during":[150],"an":[151],"overhead":[152],"circling":[153],"small":[155],"fixed-wing":[156],"aircraft,":[157],"provide":[160],"summary":[162],"review":[163],"published":[165],"related":[166],"studies.":[167]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
