{"id":"https://openalex.org/W760101538","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1072887","title":"Failed Explanations and Criminal Responsibility: Experts and the Unconscious","display_name":"Failed Explanations and Criminal Responsibility: Experts and the Unconscious","publication_year":1982,"publication_date":"1982-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W760101538","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1072887","mag":"760101538"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2307/1072887","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1072887","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1072887","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S67391710","display_name":"Virginia Law Review","issn_l":"0042-6601","issn":["0042-6601","1942-9967"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316717","host_organization_name":"University of Virginia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316717"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Virginia"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Virginia Law Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047116171","display_name":"Stephen J. Morse","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7260-5012","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7260-5012"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121934306","display_name":"Tufts University","ror":"https://ror.org/05wvpxv85","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121934306"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stephen J. Morse","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard University","Professor of Law, University of Southern California Law Center, and Professor of Psy-chiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California School of Medicine. A.B., Tufts University; J.D"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Professor of Law, University of Southern California Law Center, and Professor of Psy-chiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California School of Medicine. A.B., Tufts University; J.D","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212","https://openalex.org/I121934306"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5047116171"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212","https://openalex.org/I121934306","https://openalex.org/I136199984"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":64.7136,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":62,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99843643,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"68","issue":"5","first_page":"971","last_page":"971"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14115","display_name":"Legal processes and jurisprudence","score":0.5741999745368958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14115","display_name":"Legal processes and jurisprudence","score":0.5741999745368958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13376","display_name":"Criminal Law and Policy","score":0.120899997651577,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14493","display_name":"Criminal Law and Evidence","score":0.09610000252723694,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/criminal-liability","display_name":"criminal liability","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/admissibility-of-expert-testimony","display_name":"admissibility of expert evidence","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/loss-of-consciousness","display_name":"loss of consciousness","score":0.49300000071525574}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115786838","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192105","display_name":"Unconscious mind","level":2,"score":0.8608168363571167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993079837","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q129218","display_name":"Criminal responsibility","level":3,"score":0.6297081112861633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5376213192939758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.48304563760757446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3440172076225281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202565627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146491","display_name":"Criminal law","level":2,"score":0.2471088171005249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11171543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41630","display_name":"Psychoanalysis","level":1,"score":0.17737948894500732}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2307/1072887","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1072887","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1072887","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S67391710","display_name":"Virginia Law Review","issn_l":"0042-6601","issn":["0042-6601","1942-9967"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316717","host_organization_name":"University of Virginia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316717"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Virginia"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Virginia Law Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarship.law.upenn.edu:faculty_scholarship-2351","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/faculty_scholarship/1351","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196469","display_name":"Penn Carey Law Legal Scholarship Repository (University of Pennsylvania)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","host_organization_name":"University of Pennsylvania","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"All Faculty Scholarship","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.8046000003814697,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","score":0.4000000059604645,"display_name":"Gender equality"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1637437975","https://openalex.org/W1717383561","https://openalex.org/W2007168259","https://openalex.org/W2026496120","https://openalex.org/W2921029597","https://openalex.org/W4230832996","https://openalex.org/W4243315454","https://openalex.org/W4388367663"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2324545619","https://openalex.org/W2031487084","https://openalex.org/W2922817565","https://openalex.org/W2254728104","https://openalex.org/W2039798975","https://openalex.org/W6968230799","https://openalex.org/W291837218","https://openalex.org/W1612415925","https://openalex.org/W1447227472","https://openalex.org/W2213171930"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"They":[0],"appear":[1,44],"simply":[2],"to":[3,14,45,75,88,210,218],"assume":[4,54],"that":[5,27,67,132,171,225,265,275],"mental":[6,124,159,179],"health":[7,125,160,180],"expertise":[8],"is":[9,37,74,168,182,201,236,242],"reliable,":[10],"valid,":[11],"and":[12,61,83,186],"relevant":[13,213],"legal":[15],"decisionmaking;":[16],"they":[17,32,43,52,64,96],"therefore":[18],"may":[19],"be":[20,231],"termed":[21],"\"method":[22],"votaries.\"The":[23],"method":[24],"votaries":[25],"admit":[26],"much":[28,158],"of":[29,59,80,86,101,111,121,152,178,199,208,228,249,257,300],"the":[30,55,68,78,84,102,106,109,119,134,163,175,194,206,212,226,229,247,255,263,266,273,286,294],"\"data\"":[31],"would":[33],"allow":[34],"into":[35,140],"evidence":[36,72,192,221,235],"scientifically":[38],"soft":[39],"or":[40,283,292],"unverifiable,":[41],"but":[42],"justify":[46,145],"its":[47,279],"admission":[48,120,151,177,198],"on":[49,91,244,262],"three":[50],"grounds.First,":[51],"uncritically":[53],"general":[56],"scientific":[57,220,287],"validity":[58,227],"theory":[60],"data.":[62],"17Second,":[63],"correctly":[65],"note":[66],"modern":[69,191],"trend":[70],"in":[71,99,114,285,293],"law":[73,116,136,155],"expand":[76],"greatly":[77],"scope":[79],"expert":[81,153,258,290],"testimony":[82,161,181,200,259,291,295],"competence":[85],"experts":[87],"offer":[89],"conclusions":[90],"ultimate":[92],"issues.":[93,214],"18":[94],"Third,":[95],"argue":[97],"that,":[98],"view":[100],"first":[103],"two":[104],"assertions,":[105],"necessity":[107],"for":[108,150,197,254,289],"assessment":[110],"psychological":[112],"functioning":[113],"criminal":[115,135,164],"decisionmaking":[117],"requires":[118],"quite":[122],"imprecise":[123],"testimony.":[126],"19":[127],"By":[128],"contrast,":[129],"I":[130],"claim":[131],"although":[133],"mti\"St":[137],"take":[138],"subjectivity":[139],"account,":[141],"this":[142],"should":[143,156,268],"not":[144],"an":[146],"\"anything":[147],"goes\"":[148],"criterion":[149,196],"testimony.The":[154],"exclude":[157],"from":[162],"process":[165],"because":[166],"it":[167,172,203,241,271],"so":[169],"unscientific":[170],"cannot":[173],"assist":[174,205],"factfinder.Indiscriminate":[176],"inefficient,":[183],"misleading,":[184],"confusing,":[185],"sometimes":[187],"prejudicial.":[188],"20":[189],"Under":[190],"law,":[193],"primary":[195],"whether":[202],"will":[204],"trier":[207],"fact":[209],"resolve":[211],"21":[215],"In":[216],"order":[217],"deem":[219],"admissible,":[222,238],"courts":[223],"require":[224],"science":[230],"established.":[232],"22":[233],"Expert":[234],"generally":[237],"however,":[239],"if":[240],"based":[243],"matters":[245,299],"beyond":[246],"ken":[248],"laypersons.The":[250],"increasingly":[251],"permissive":[252],"standards":[253],"admissibility":[256],"are":[260,297],"justified":[261],"grounds":[264],"factfinder":[267],"have":[269],"before":[270],"all":[272],"information":[274],"might":[276],"reasonably":[277],"aid":[278],"determination.":[280],"23":[281],"Weaknesses":[282],"deficiencies":[284],"basis":[288],"itself":[296],"considered":[298],"weight":[301],"rather":[302],"than":[303],"ad-17":[304],"Id.":[305],"at":[306],"461-66.":[307]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
