{"id":"https://openalex.org/W75987170","doi":null,"title":"Religious Conduct Exemptions under the New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990: An advocacy for the \"Equal Regard\" reading of section 15","display_name":"Religious Conduct Exemptions under the New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990: An advocacy for the \"Equal Regard\" reading of section 15","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W75987170","mag":"75987170"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:researchspace.auckland.ac.nz:2292/6977","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2292/6977","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055463","display_name":"ResearchSpace (University of Auckland)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I154130895","host_organization_name":"University of Auckland","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2292/6977","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079172938","display_name":"David H. Griffiths","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"David H. Griffiths","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5079172938"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13336","display_name":"Religious Freedom and Discrimination","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13336","display_name":"Religious Freedom and Discrimination","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14288","display_name":"Law, Rights, and Freedoms","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13445","display_name":"American Constitutional Law and Politics","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/new-zealand-bill-of-rights-act-1990","display_name":"New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/section-15","display_name":"Section 15","score":0.8479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/religious-freedom","display_name":"religious freedom","score":0.6499999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/free-exercise-clause","display_name":"Free Exercise Clause","score":0.9070000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/first-amendment","display_name":"First Amendment","score":0.7839999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-covenant-on-civil-and-political-rights","display_name":"International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights","score":0.75},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/article-18","display_name":"Article 18","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/islamic-practice","display_name":"Islamic practice","score":0.6359999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/religious-diversity","display_name":"religious diversity","score":0.4860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secularism","display_name":"secularism","score":0.5120000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/new-zealand-constitutional-law","display_name":"New Zealand constitutional law","score":0.5249999761581421}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780169623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191296","display_name":"Bill of rights","level":3,"score":0.6018104553222656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.5966094136238098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776154427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7755","display_name":"Constitution","level":2,"score":0.5932758450508118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5765044689178467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136800757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6335929","display_name":"Covenant","level":2,"score":0.5080065727233887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169437150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8458","display_name":"Human rights","level":2,"score":0.4951235353946686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.494312047958374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555826173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7174","display_name":"Democracy","level":3,"score":0.49220481514930725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4534563720226288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778323131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3308297","display_name":"Establishment Clause","level":4,"score":0.44563931226730347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104636517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5499816","display_name":"Free Exercise Clause","level":4,"score":0.4359554648399353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781329779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q392119","display_name":"International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights","level":5,"score":0.4210858941078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780876879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3054749","display_name":"Meaning (existential)","level":2,"score":0.4197731614112854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22299250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11917765","display_name":"Right to property","level":4,"score":0.3753470778465271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86615163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1147615","display_name":"International human rights law","level":3,"score":0.3588264286518097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.3497225046157837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3234320878982544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778272461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190752","display_name":"Supreme court","level":2,"score":0.2052953839302063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994536602","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12616","display_name":"First amendment","level":3,"score":0.13805446028709412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:researchspace.auckland.ac.nz:2292/6977","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2292/6977","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055463","display_name":"ResearchSpace (University of Auckland)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I154130895","host_organization_name":"University of Auckland","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis"},{"id":"mag:75987170","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://oatd.org/oatd/record?record=handle\\:2292\\%2F6977","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:researchspace.auckland.ac.nz:2292/6977","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2292/6977","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055463","display_name":"ResearchSpace (University of Auckland)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I154130895","host_organization_name":"University of Auckland","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8046000003814697,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":149,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W17926281","https://openalex.org/W28821449","https://openalex.org/W39227313","https://openalex.org/W78928687","https://openalex.org/W83494214","https://openalex.org/W109677913","https://openalex.org/W116861499","https://openalex.org/W117571666","https://openalex.org/W119367219","https://openalex.org/W139653007","https://openalex.org/W140095654","https://openalex.org/W145946561","https://openalex.org/W153419532","https://openalex.org/W162836851","https://openalex.org/W184502940","https://openalex.org/W188137204","https://openalex.org/W205612129","https://openalex.org/W208395787","https://openalex.org/W213670664","https://openalex.org/W213826808","https://openalex.org/W225919555","https://openalex.org/W562295724","https://openalex.org/W570242027","https://openalex.org/W576774490","https://openalex.org/W614826403","https://openalex.org/W633801422","https://openalex.org/W643586676","https://openalex.org/W651153395","https://openalex.org/W655572379","https://openalex.org/W745314292","https://openalex.org/W764540310","https://openalex.org/W775655860","https://openalex.org/W788801545","https://openalex.org/W816379658","https://openalex.org/W833338255","https://openalex.org/W848771899","https://openalex.org/W848775830","https://openalex.org/W1000743073","https://openalex.org/W1484541927","https://openalex.org/W1500442810","https://openalex.org/W1502891685","https://openalex.org/W1504192089","https://openalex.org/W1505961268","https://openalex.org/W1526631443","https://openalex.org/W1535829460","https://openalex.org/W1537150114","https://openalex.org/W1544949079","https://openalex.org/W1545197955","https://openalex.org/W1562793863","https://openalex.org/W1564896548","https://openalex.org/W1571225178","https://openalex.org/W1575383200","https://openalex.org/W1580627759","https://openalex.org/W1589164364","https://openalex.org/W1594651009","https://openalex.org/W1602535306","https://openalex.org/W1606675216","https://openalex.org/W1606873162","https://openalex.org/W1607334491","https://openalex.org/W1650350652","https://openalex.org/W1662538325","https://openalex.org/W1705892416","https://openalex.org/W1738452400","https://openalex.org/W1764842202","https://openalex.org/W1817171027","https://openalex.org/W1889615041","https://openalex.org/W1966053821","https://openalex.org/W1972053979","https://openalex.org/W1974945909","https://openalex.org/W1980626765","https://openalex.org/W1993477204","https://openalex.org/W2001069487","https://openalex.org/W2002436418","https://openalex.org/W2002699202","https://openalex.org/W2004669874","https://openalex.org/W2008816934","https://openalex.org/W2013878253","https://openalex.org/W2020818241","https://openalex.org/W2024668521","https://openalex.org/W2049957546","https://openalex.org/W2051184654","https://openalex.org/W2051718237","https://openalex.org/W2059458499","https://openalex.org/W2071329302","https://openalex.org/W2076566638","https://openalex.org/W2079371317","https://openalex.org/W2079433772","https://openalex.org/W2082521480","https://openalex.org/W2085189904","https://openalex.org/W2094755590","https://openalex.org/W2104943899","https://openalex.org/W2106697975","https://openalex.org/W2109245975","https://openalex.org/W2123773171","https://openalex.org/W2124488078","https://openalex.org/W2128877805","https://openalex.org/W2138297905","https://openalex.org/W2150563082","https://openalex.org/W2156103937","https://openalex.org/W2167665920","https://openalex.org/W2173656915","https://openalex.org/W2259417986","https://openalex.org/W2264853775","https://openalex.org/W2282073391","https://openalex.org/W2298890043","https://openalex.org/W2314025935","https://openalex.org/W2325498248","https://openalex.org/W2326788692","https://openalex.org/W2330741502","https://openalex.org/W2338599327","https://openalex.org/W2417130359","https://openalex.org/W2469173920","https://openalex.org/W2470946630","https://openalex.org/W2473349932","https://openalex.org/W2481833131","https://openalex.org/W2486440261","https://openalex.org/W2503304161","https://openalex.org/W2544737071","https://openalex.org/W2552379628","https://openalex.org/W2597092059","https://openalex.org/W2607448992","https://openalex.org/W2608916958","https://openalex.org/W2612562228","https://openalex.org/W2616658631","https://openalex.org/W2663965631","https://openalex.org/W2788678691","https://openalex.org/W2795394840","https://openalex.org/W2796328480","https://openalex.org/W2796699324","https://openalex.org/W2797414319","https://openalex.org/W2797454608","https://openalex.org/W2798135876","https://openalex.org/W2904661859","https://openalex.org/W2912931299","https://openalex.org/W2993621366","https://openalex.org/W3004018302","https://openalex.org/W3122272853","https://openalex.org/W3122490534","https://openalex.org/W3123435094","https://openalex.org/W3123646184","https://openalex.org/W3124304376","https://openalex.org/W3124448097","https://openalex.org/W3124571734","https://openalex.org/W3125137631","https://openalex.org/W3125601463","https://openalex.org/W3125667301","https://openalex.org/W3173629603","https://openalex.org/W3211811810","https://openalex.org/W4247768194"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2788678691","https://openalex.org/W2217659097","https://openalex.org/W2276828832","https://openalex.org/W4411079852","https://openalex.org/W2501804291","https://openalex.org/W1791459120","https://openalex.org/W4226073351","https://openalex.org/W4402740583","https://openalex.org/W7221613026","https://openalex.org/W2496720677"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"thesis":[1],"will":[2,50,62,96,133,170,217,249,280,304],"consider":[3],"the":[4,10,20,42,55,64,68,73,76,83,88,92,116,137,179,194,215,230,235,241,258,264,282,307,310],"meaning":[5],"of":[6,9,14,34,66,75,79,87,125,193,237,245,261,289],"section":[7],"15":[8],"New":[11,148,225],"Zealand":[12],"Bill":[13],"Rights":[15,201],"Act":[16],"1990,":[17],"which":[18,101,155],"guarantees":[19],"right":[21,36,216],"to":[22,91,163,213,229,257,286,312,319],"manifest":[23],"religious":[24,107,238,294],"belief":[25],"in":[26,29,41,129,147,206,233,270,323],"public":[27],"and":[28,122,152,160,199,220,276],"private.":[30],"The":[31],"precise":[32],"boundaries":[33],"this":[35,99,130,174],"have":[37],"received":[38],"little":[39],"attention":[40],"courts,":[43],"but":[44],"it":[45,248],"is":[46,102,109,176,252],"anticipated":[47],"that":[48,98,136,173,296],"litigation":[49],"become":[51],"more":[52,58],"common":[53,210],"as":[54,222],"country":[56],"becomes":[57],"religiously":[59],"diverse.":[60],"I":[61,95,132,169,279],"assess":[63],"merits":[65],"adopting":[67],"current":[69],"methodology":[70,285,308],"applied":[71],"by":[72,111,115],"courts":[74,265],"United":[77,185],"States":[78],"America":[80],"when":[81,106],"interpreting":[82],"Free":[84],"Exercise":[85],"Clause":[86],"First":[89],"Amendment":[90],"US":[93],"Constitution.":[94],"argue":[97,172],"methodology,":[100],"meaningfully":[103],"engaged":[104],"only":[105],"conduct":[108,320],"restricted":[110],"discriminatory":[112],"burdens":[113],"imposed":[114],"state,":[117],"could":[118],"provide":[119,313],"a":[120,253,287],"fair":[121],"workable":[123],"system":[124],"protection":[126,315],"for":[127,224,316],"religionists":[128],"country.":[131],"also":[134,171],"contend":[135],"\u201cEqual":[138],"Regard\u201d":[139],"method":[140],"fits":[141],"well":[142],"with":[143,178,263,298,325],"an":[144,267],"important":[145],"strand":[146],"Zealand\u2019s":[149],"constitutional":[150],"culture":[151],"historical":[153],"traditions,":[154],"favours":[156],"equality":[157,272],"over":[158],"liberty,":[159],"democratic":[161,259],"solutions":[162],"vexing":[164],"questions":[165],"concerning":[166],"individual":[167],"freedom.":[168],"approach":[175],"consistent":[177],"country\u2019s":[180],"international":[181],"obligations":[182],"under":[183],"certain":[184],"Nations":[186],"human":[187],"rights":[188],"treaties,":[189],"principally":[190],"Article":[191],"18":[192],"International":[195],"Covenant":[196],"on":[197],"Civil":[198],"Political":[200],"1966.":[202],"Other":[203],"judicial":[204],"approaches":[205],"countries":[207],"sharing":[208],"our":[209],"law":[211],"heritage":[212],"construing":[214],"be":[218,250],"assessed":[219],"rejected":[221],"models":[223],"Zealand,":[226],"primarily":[227],"due":[228],"difficulties":[231],"inherent":[232],"weighing":[234],"needs":[236],"believers":[239],"against":[240],"secular":[242],"policy":[243],"goals":[244],"government.":[246],"This,":[247],"argued,":[251],"task":[254],"better":[255],"suited":[256],"branches":[260],"government,":[262],"playing":[266],"auxiliary":[268],"role":[269],"enforcing":[271],"between":[273],"all":[274],"religions,":[275],"non-religion.":[277],"Finally,":[278],"apply":[281],"Equal":[283],"Regard":[284],"series":[288],"case":[290,302],"studies":[291,303],"involving":[292],"Islamic":[293],"practices":[295],"conflict":[297],"governmental":[299],"regulation.":[300],"These":[301],"demonstrate":[305],"how":[306],"has":[309],"potential":[311],"genuine":[314],"persons":[317],"wishing":[318],"their":[321,326],"lives":[322],"accordance":[324],"deeply":[327],"held":[328],"spiritual":[329],"commitments.":[330]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}