{"id":"https://openalex.org/W758968342","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0130001","title":"Examining the Causes and Consequences of Short-Term Behavioral Change during the Middle Stone Age at Sibudu, South Africa","display_name":"Examining the Causes and Consequences of Short-Term Behavioral Change during the Middle Stone Age at Sibudu, South Africa","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-06-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W758968342","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0130001","mag":"758968342","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26098694","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4476744"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0130001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0130001","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0130001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202381698","display_name":"PLoS ONE","issn_l":"1932-6203","issn":["1932-6203"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS ONE","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0130001","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084852187","display_name":"Nicholas J. Conard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4633-0385","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4633-0385"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088239","display_name":"Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment","ror":"https://ror.org/005pfhc08","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802697327","https://openalex.org/I315704651","https://openalex.org/I4210088239","https://openalex.org/I8087733"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8087733","display_name":"University of T\u00fcbingen","ror":"https://ror.org/03a1kwz48","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nicholas J. Conard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Early Prehistory and Quaternary Ecology, University of T\u00fcbingen, Schloss Hohent\u00fcbingen, 72070, T\u00fcbingen, Germany; Senckenberg Center for Human Evolution and Paleoecology, University of T\u00fcbingen, Schloss Hohent\u00fcbingen, 72070, T\u00fcbingen, Germany","Department of Early Prehistory and Quaternary Ecology, University of T\u00fcbingen, Schloss Hohent\u00fcbingen, 72070, T\u00fcbingen, Germany","Senckenberg Center for Human Evolution and Paleoecology, University of T\u00fcbingen, Schloss Hohent\u00fcbingen, 72070, T\u00fcbingen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Early Prehistory and Quaternary Ecology, University of T\u00fcbingen, Schloss Hohent\u00fcbingen, 72070, T\u00fcbingen, Germany; Senckenberg Center for Human Evolution and Paleoecology, University of T\u00fcbingen, Schloss Hohent\u00fcbingen, 72070, T\u00fcbingen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088239","https://openalex.org/I8087733"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Early Prehistory and Quaternary Ecology, University of T\u00fcbingen, Schloss Hohent\u00fcbingen, 72070, T\u00fcbingen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Senckenberg Center for Human Evolution and Paleoecology, University of T\u00fcbingen, Schloss Hohent\u00fcbingen, 72070, T\u00fcbingen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088239","https://openalex.org/I8087733"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084273226","display_name":"Manuel Will","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8116-2543","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8116-2543"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8087733","display_name":"University of T\u00fcbingen","ror":"https://ror.org/03a1kwz48","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manuel Will","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Early Prehistory and Quaternary Ecology, University of T\u00fcbingen, Schloss Hohent\u00fcbingen, 72070, T\u00fcbingen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Early Prehistory and Quaternary Ecology, University of T\u00fcbingen, Schloss Hohent\u00fcbingen, 72070, T\u00fcbingen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084852187"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088239","https://openalex.org/I8087733"],"apc_list":{"value":2382,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2382},"apc_paid":{"value":1208,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1302},"fwci":15.5279,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":50,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98632583,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"6","first_page":"e0130001","last_page":"e0130001"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10421","display_name":"Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10421","display_name":"Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13256","display_name":"Archaeology and Rock Art Studies","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3302","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12090","display_name":"Language and cultural evolution","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3316","display_name":"Cultural Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/middle-stone-age","display_name":"Middle Stone Age","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lithic-technology","display_name":"lithic technology","score":0.8700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cultural-change","display_name":"cultural change","score":0.7210000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/howiesons-poort","display_name":"Howiesons Poort","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mis-3","display_name":"Marine Isotope Stage 3","score":0.7749999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/raw-material-procurement","display_name":"raw material procurement","score":0.6060000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/core-reduction","display_name":"core reduction","score":0.75},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technological-organization","display_name":"technological organization","score":0.5910000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socioeconomic-dynamics","display_name":"socio-economic dynamics","score":0.8209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modern-human-behavior","display_name":"modern human behavior","score":0.6729999780654907}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776258062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931902","display_name":"Middle Stone Age","level":3,"score":0.9473488926887512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156005406","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2787508","display_name":"Subsistence agriculture","level":3,"score":0.7627201676368713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777197731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5088700","display_name":"Lithic technology","level":2,"score":0.7581079006195068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777798969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Assemblage (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6431957483291626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.5468903183937073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.5432192087173462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777170306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q479257","display_name":"Stone tool","level":2,"score":0.5336658954620361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777802591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1149405","display_name":"Rock shelter","level":2,"score":0.5121407508850098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53570757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25546","display_name":"Pleistocene","level":2,"score":0.07183763384819031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001106","descriptor_name":"Archaeology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001519","descriptor_name":"Behavior","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003468","descriptor_name":"Cultural Evolution","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004777","descriptor_name":"Environment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013019","descriptor_name":"South Africa","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013672","descriptor_name":"Technology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049690","descriptor_name":"History, Ancient","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":9,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0130001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0130001","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0130001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202381698","display_name":"PLoS ONE","issn_l":"1932-6203","issn":["1932-6203"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS ONE","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:3440855","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4476744","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:26098694","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26098694","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PloS one","raw_type":"Historical Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4476744","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4476744/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLoS One","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:plo:pone00:0130001","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0130001","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0130001&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.812.6670","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.812.6670","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/bb/8d/pone.0130001.PMC4476744.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.usf.edu:kip_articles-2671","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/kip_articles/1672","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196272","display_name":"Digital Commons - University of South Florida (University of South Florida)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2613432","host_organization_name":"University of South Florida","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"KIP Articles","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:33151d3090a74a21a269dff606715ff9","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/33151d3090a74a21a269dff606715ff9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PLoS ONE, Vol 10, Iss 6, p e0130001 (2015)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/1457590","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/_Examining_the_Causes_and_Consequences_of_Short_Term_Behavioral_Change_during_the_Middle_Stone_Age_at_Sibudu_South_Africa_/1457590","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Dataset"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0130001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0130001","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0130001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202381698","display_name":"PLoS ONE","issn_l":"1932-6203","issn":["1932-6203"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS ONE","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322572","display_name":"Studienstiftung des Deutschen Volkes","ror":"https://ror.org/05xwwfy96"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W758968342.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W758968342.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":184,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W21446351","https://openalex.org/W110702597","https://openalex.org/W265822723","https://openalex.org/W293109374","https://openalex.org/W322680817","https://openalex.org/W335960172","https://openalex.org/W569722093","https://openalex.org/W572167954","https://openalex.org/W582898004","https://openalex.org/W583537738","https://openalex.org/W592540181","https://openalex.org/W601752289","https://openalex.org/W611549096","https://openalex.org/W619565168","https://openalex.org/W627969800","https://openalex.org/W629141736","https://openalex.org/W636805509","https://openalex.org/W643812041","https://openalex.org/W644941273","https://openalex.org/W645966998","https://openalex.org/W787806224","https://openalex.org/W840205492","https://openalex.org/W1480370850","https://openalex.org/W1487898100","https://openalex.org/W1500619168","https://openalex.org/W1504739126","https://openalex.org/W1508043658","https://openalex.org/W1513715049","https://openalex.org/W1528493742","https://openalex.org/W1538369117","https://openalex.org/W1560738144","https://openalex.org/W1586902146","https://openalex.org/W1600338860","https://openalex.org/W1623046930","https://openalex.org/W1664385547","https://openalex.org/W1790653273","https://openalex.org/W1791955662","https://openalex.org/W1809605456","https://openalex.org/W1811781384","https://openalex.org/W1815090468","https://openalex.org/W1850310968","https://openalex.org/W1876797891","https://openalex.org/W1883595319","https://openalex.org/W1903491448","https://openalex.org/W1925242001","https://openalex.org/W1963947977","https://openalex.org/W1964317178","https://openalex.org/W1965304966","https://openalex.org/W1969792946","https://openalex.org/W1970264757","https://openalex.org/W1977696716","https://openalex.org/W1979941680","https://openalex.org/W1980135985","https://openalex.org/W1982542273","https://openalex.org/W1983130208","https://openalex.org/W1987443080","https://openalex.org/W1987629689","https://openalex.org/W1992854443","https://openalex.org/W1994420276","https://openalex.org/W1995398576","https://openalex.org/W1995413036","https://openalex.org/W1996841770","https://openalex.org/W1999990262","https://openalex.org/W2004510715","https://openalex.org/W2004582022","https://openalex.org/W2006375292","https://openalex.org/W2006414016","https://openalex.org/W2006492794","https://openalex.org/W2006675349","https://openalex.org/W2009028979","https://openalex.org/W2009520025","https://openalex.org/W2010011076","https://openalex.org/W2013759614","https://openalex.org/W2013777394","https://openalex.org/W2013821092","https://openalex.org/W2015237218","https://openalex.org/W2015516678","https://openalex.org/W2024908710","https://openalex.org/W2027927921","https://openalex.org/W2029753616","https://openalex.org/W2030484124","https://openalex.org/W2034097134","https://openalex.org/W2035321552","https://openalex.org/W2037633673","https://openalex.org/W2040120121","https://openalex.org/W2043810485","https://openalex.org/W2044426388","https://openalex.org/W2045416820","https://openalex.org/W2049021360","https://openalex.org/W2050402025","https://openalex.org/W2053190053","https://openalex.org/W2053787808","https://openalex.org/W2054120755","https://openalex.org/W2056466252","https://openalex.org/W2058019130","https://openalex.org/W2058760117","https://openalex.org/W2058900471","https://openalex.org/W2059207786","https://openalex.org/W2059267129","https://openalex.org/W2062056129","https://openalex.org/W2062803072","https://openalex.org/W2063799002","https://openalex.org/W2066524166","https://openalex.org/W2067299561","https://openalex.org/W2069729948","https://openalex.org/W2070400332","https://openalex.org/W2074718002","https://openalex.org/W2075954145","https://openalex.org/W2076298937","https://openalex.org/W2081493746","https://openalex.org/W2081558576","https://openalex.org/W2087635532","https://openalex.org/W2094141093","https://openalex.org/W2094429443","https://openalex.org/W2095230710","https://openalex.org/W2095278392","https://openalex.org/W2095585493","https://openalex.org/W2096385714","https://openalex.org/W2096777019","https://openalex.org/W2099425409","https://openalex.org/W2100346898","https://openalex.org/W2108196918","https://openalex.org/W2115194422","https://openalex.org/W2118125849","https://openalex.org/W2119674718","https://openalex.org/W2119694153","https://openalex.org/W2125524179","https://openalex.org/W2127150322","https://openalex.org/W2130563058","https://openalex.org/W2130582551","https://openalex.org/W2131290019","https://openalex.org/W2131514620","https://openalex.org/W2140002608","https://openalex.org/W2149212390","https://openalex.org/W2161117772","https://openalex.org/W2161700206","https://openalex.org/W2161885949","https://openalex.org/W2167588316","https://openalex.org/W2170935045","https://openalex.org/W2180820900","https://openalex.org/W2182086520","https://openalex.org/W2216248416","https://openalex.org/W2288936114","https://openalex.org/W2312284708","https://openalex.org/W2317968465","https://openalex.org/W2322434514","https://openalex.org/W2324912697","https://openalex.org/W2326024379","https://openalex.org/W2326744157","https://openalex.org/W2328067786","https://openalex.org/W2328084102","https://openalex.org/W2328731192","https://openalex.org/W2329137744","https://openalex.org/W2329223460","https://openalex.org/W2331899649","https://openalex.org/W2335371051","https://openalex.org/W2435498182","https://openalex.org/W2477616452","https://openalex.org/W2485426578","https://openalex.org/W2495349235","https://openalex.org/W2568994132","https://openalex.org/W2586492283","https://openalex.org/W2596018811","https://openalex.org/W2613695807","https://openalex.org/W2726877829","https://openalex.org/W2737467658","https://openalex.org/W2741189007","https://openalex.org/W2748021613","https://openalex.org/W2773119682","https://openalex.org/W2907544913","https://openalex.org/W2916271584","https://openalex.org/W2963600995","https://openalex.org/W2992910491","https://openalex.org/W3134195848","https://openalex.org/W3148295228","https://openalex.org/W4240900932","https://openalex.org/W4246220954","https://openalex.org/W4250657870","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4302461055","https://openalex.org/W4399227280","https://openalex.org/W6620079810","https://openalex.org/W6887555333","https://openalex.org/W7143537098"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7099575654","https://openalex.org/W2096385714","https://openalex.org/W2480243155","https://openalex.org/W1883595319","https://openalex.org/W1984505309","https://openalex.org/W4254551325","https://openalex.org/W2973995181","https://openalex.org/W2726877829","https://openalex.org/W2099425409","https://openalex.org/W3087745033"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Sibudu":[0,102,153,258],"in":[1,26,82,125,133,145,172,215,265],"KwaZulu-Natal":[2,216],"(South":[3],"Africa)":[4],"with":[5,91,240],"its":[6],"rich":[7],"and":[8,21,57,66,77,144,155,217,243,268],"high-resolution":[9,247],"archaeological":[10],"sequence":[11],"provides":[12],"an":[13],"ideal":[14],"case":[15],"study":[16],"to":[17,60,73],"examine":[18],"the":[19,27,33,40,53,75,96,126,131,134,139,146,150,192,206,210],"causes":[20],"consequences":[22],"of":[23,29,46,79,128,136,141,148,152,159,164,183,209,222,228,272],"short-term":[24,89,254],"variation":[25,90],"behavior":[28],"modern":[30],"humans":[31],"during":[32,212],"Middle":[34],"Stone":[35],"Age":[36],"(MSA).":[37],"We":[38,177],"present":[39],"results":[41,199],"from":[42,122],"a":[43,173,180],"technological":[44,65,266],"analysis":[45],"11":[47],"stratified":[48],"lithic":[49,111,165,250],"assemblages":[50,112,160],"which":[51,120,167],"overlie":[52],"Howiesons":[54],"Poort":[55],"deposits":[56],"all":[58],"date":[59],"~58":[61],"ka.":[62],"Based":[63],"on":[64,200,249],"typological":[67],"attributes,":[68],"we":[69,187],"conducted":[70],"inter-assemblage":[71],"comparisons":[72],"characterize":[74],"nature":[76,147],"tempo":[78],"cultural":[80,194,224],"change":[81,225],"successive":[83],"occupations.":[84],"This":[85],"work":[86],"identified":[87],"considerable":[88],"clear":[92,181],"temporal":[93],"trends":[94],"throughout":[95],"sequence,":[97],"demonstrating":[98],"that":[99,205,253],"knappers":[100],"at":[101,234,257],"varied":[103],"their":[104],"technology":[105,251],"over":[106],"short":[107],"time":[108],"spans.":[109],"The":[110],"can":[113,259],"be":[114,260],"grouped":[115],"into":[116],"three":[117],"cohesive":[118],"units":[119],"differ":[121],"each":[123,170],"other":[124,171],"procurement":[127],"raw":[129],"materials,":[130],"frequency":[132],"methods":[135],"core":[137],"reduction,":[138],"kind":[140],"blanks":[142],"produced,":[143],"tools":[149],"inhabitants":[151],"made":[154],"used.":[156],"These":[157],"groups":[158],"represent":[161],"different":[162],"strategies":[163],"technology,":[166],"build":[168],"upon":[169],"gradual,":[174],"cumulative":[175],"manner.":[176],"also":[178],"identify":[179],"pattern":[182],"development":[184],"toward":[185],"what":[186],"have":[188],"previously":[189],"defined":[190],"as":[191,232],"Sibudan":[193],"taxonomic":[195],"unit.":[196],"Contextualizing":[197],"these":[198],"larger":[201],"geographical":[202],"scales":[203],"shows":[204],"later":[207],"phase":[208],"MSA":[211],"MIS":[213],"3":[214],"southern":[218],"Africa":[219],"is":[220],"one":[221],"dynamic":[223],"rather":[226],"than":[227],"stasis":[229],"or":[230],"stagnation":[231],"has":[233],"times":[235],"been":[236],"claimed.":[237],"In":[238],"combination":[239],"environmental,":[241],"subsistence":[242],"contextual":[244],"information,":[245],"our":[246],"data":[248],"suggest":[252],"behavioral":[255],"variability":[256],"best":[261],"explained":[262],"by":[263],"changes":[264],"organization":[267],"socio-economic":[269],"dynamics":[270],"instead":[271],"environmental":[273],"forcing.":[274]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}