{"id":"https://openalex.org/W758686066","doi":null,"title":"Gels from borate-crosslinked partially hydrolyzed poly(vinyl acetate)s: Characterization of physical and chemical properties and applications in art conservation","display_name":"Gels from borate-crosslinked partially hydrolyzed poly(vinyl acetate)s: Characterization of physical and chemical properties and applications in art conservation","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W758686066","mag":"758686066"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.library.georgetown.edu:10822/559467","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10822/559467","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10822/559467","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402467","display_name":"DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210145449","host_organization_name":"Center for Security and Emerging Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Chemistry","raw_type":"thesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10822/559467","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074755847","display_name":"Lora V. Angelova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2496-9310","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2496-9310"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lora Angelova","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2496-9310","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5074755847"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11212","display_name":"Cultural Heritage Materials Analysis","score":0.39010000228881836,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology (arts and humanities)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11212","display_name":"Cultural Heritage Materials Analysis","score":0.39010000228881836,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology (arts and humanities)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10343","display_name":"Hydrogels: synthesis, properties, applications","score":0.3246999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2502","display_name":"Biomaterials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12981","display_name":"Conservation Techniques and Studies","score":0.11190000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1206","display_name":"Conservation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polyvinyl-alcohol","display_name":"polyvinyl alcohol","score":0.796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/art-conservation","display_name":"art conservation","score":0.5360000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/varnish-removal","display_name":"varnish removal","score":0.8429999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organogels","display_name":"organogels","score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crosslink-density","display_name":"crosslink density","score":0.7160000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gel-rheology","display_name":"gel rheology","score":0.7910000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-stability","display_name":"thermal stability","score":0.609000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/11b-nmr","display_name":"boron-11 NMR","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/small-angle-neutron-scattering","display_name":"small-angle neutron scattering","score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trimethyl-borate","display_name":"trimethyl borate","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chelating-agents","display_name":"chelating agents","score":0.7839999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glycol-ethers","display_name":"glycol ethers","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solvent-diffusion","display_name":"solvent diffusion","score":0.42800000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oil-painting-conservation","display_name":"oil painting conservation","score":0.48500001430511475}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780841128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5073781","display_name":"Characterization (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.766815185546875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776093513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q377339","display_name":"Vinyl acetate","level":4,"score":0.7403991222381592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94412978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103135","display_name":"Hydrolysis","level":2,"score":0.7179245352745056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C501308230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618","display_name":"Boron","level":2,"score":0.6302798986434937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188027245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750446","display_name":"Polymer chemistry","level":1,"score":0.5664909482002258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.4351121187210083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.4063589870929718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.39195767045021057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3553946614265442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126348684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3456979","display_name":"Polymer science","level":1,"score":0.3311094045639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521977710","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81163","display_name":"Polymer","level":2,"score":0.18746688961982727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15920480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q421281","display_name":"Copolymer","level":3,"score":0.11042952537536621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.09590944647789001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.04179772734642029}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.library.georgetown.edu:10822/559467","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10822/559467","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10822/559467","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402467","display_name":"DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210145449","host_organization_name":"Center for Security and Emerging Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Chemistry","raw_type":"thesis"},{"id":"mag:758686066","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.library.georgetown.edu/bitstream/10822/559467/1/Angelova_georgetown_0076D_12345.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764685317","display_name":"Georgetown University-Graduate School of Arts & Sciences","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4323970070","host_organization_name":"Georgetown University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4323970070"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Georgetown University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Georgetown University-Graduate School of Arts & Sciences","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.library.georgetown.edu:10822/559467","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10822/559467","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10822/559467","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402467","display_name":"DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210145449","host_organization_name":"Center for Security and Emerging Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Chemistry","raw_type":"thesis"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W758686066.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W758686066.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2883296239","https://openalex.org/W7070681202","https://openalex.org/W1975396917","https://openalex.org/W1984019052","https://openalex.org/W6939916376","https://openalex.org/W2109909444","https://openalex.org/W858357437","https://openalex.org/W6982608206","https://openalex.org/W2744106047","https://openalex.org/W1964085600"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"formation":[1],"of":[2,17,24,66,75,85,94,134,144,152,158,173,230,274,280,308,381,440],"gel-like":[3],"dispersions":[4],"from":[5,49,243,312],"borate-crosslinked,":[6],"partially":[7],"hydrolyzed":[8],"poly(vinyl":[9,50],"acetate)s":[10],"(xPVAc,":[11],"where":[12],"x":[13],"is":[14,26,28,59,130,186,246,255,267,289,298],"the":[15,56,64,73,83,95,99,111,142,147,153,159,223,228,244,258,262,272,275,283,287,292,296,309,318,323,354,402,419,449],"percent":[16],"hydrolysis)":[18],"and":[19,72,91,106,125,150,176,218,234,277,300,326,346,388,415,426],"their":[20,165,460],"application":[21,166],"for":[22,198,350,401,413,427],"treatment":[23,270],"art":[25,168],"explored.It":[27],"shown":[29,131,194],"that":[30,98,132,248,286,301,317,436],"gels":[31,47,160,192,205,224,284,319],"can":[32,52,206,305],"be":[33,196,207,236,306,386,391],"prepared":[34,48,208],"in":[35,141,146,167,201,282,459],"organic":[36,40,57,86,100,136,395],"liquid/water":[37],"mixtures":[38],"with":[39,209,238,271,334,453],"portions":[41],"up":[42],"to":[43,110,164,188,195,225,227,235,341,360,375,423,430,445,451],"75":[44],"wt":[45,61],"%;":[46],"alcohol)":[51],"form":[53,189],"only":[54],"when":[55],"fraction":[58],"\u226425":[60],"%.Variables":[62],"including":[63,214],"degree":[65],"hydrolysis,":[67],"molecular":[68],"weight,":[69],"crosslink":[70],"density,":[71],"type":[74],"crosslinking":[76],"agent":[77],"(especially":[78],"borax),":[79],"as":[80,82,171,363,367],"well":[81],"proportion":[84],"liquid,":[87],"are":[88,115,162,180,193,457],"examined.Melting":[89],"range":[90],"rheological":[92,220],"studies":[93],"materials":[96,310],"show":[97],"liquids":[101],"confer":[102],"higher":[103],"thermal":[104],"stability":[105],"longer":[107],"relaxation":[108],"times":[109,420],"gel":[112,148,297],"networks.These":[113],"effects":[114],"explored":[116],"using":[117],"11":[118],"B":[119],"NMR":[120],"spectroscopy,":[121],"differential":[122],"scanning":[123],"calorimetry,":[124],"small":[126],"angle":[127],"neutron":[128],"scattering.It":[129],"addition":[133,172],"an":[135,139],"liquid":[137,288],"causes":[138],"increase":[140],"number":[143],"crosslinks":[145],"network":[149],"agglomeration":[151],"polymer":[154,252],"chains":[155],"into":[156,303,407,410],"bundles.Modifications":[157],"which":[161,295],"relevant":[163],"conservation,":[169],"such":[170],"chelating":[174],"agents":[175],"short-chain":[177],"glycol":[178],"ethers,":[179],"explored.An":[181],"alternative":[182],"crosslinker,":[183],"trimethyl":[184],"borate,":[185],"demonstrated":[187,247],"water-sensitive":[190],"organogels.xPVAc-borate":[191],"appropriate":[197],"conservation":[199,382],"treatments":[200],"several":[202],"case":[203],"studies.The":[204],"solvents":[210],"used":[211],"by":[212,240,321,330],"conservators,":[213],"ethanol,":[215],"1-propanol,":[216],"2-propanol,":[217],"acetone.Their":[219],"characteristics":[221],"allow":[222],"conform":[226],"topography":[229],"complex":[231],"artwork":[232],"surfaces":[233],"removed":[237,268,311],"ease":[239],"being":[241,373],"lifted":[242],"surface.It":[245],"no":[249],"detectable":[250],"residual":[251],"or":[253,265],"crosslinker":[254],"deposited":[256],"on":[257,294],"treated":[259],"surface":[260],"if":[261],"softened":[263],"varnish":[264,324],"coating":[266],"after":[269],"gel.Examination":[273],"lateral":[276],"orthogonal":[278],"spread":[279],"solvent":[281],"shows":[285],"constrained":[290],"within":[291],"area":[293],"applied":[299],"diffusion":[302],"sublayers":[304],"controlled.Studies":[307],"a":[313,331,335,392,411],"varnished":[314],"oil-painting":[315],"suggest":[316],"act":[320],"softening":[322],"layer":[325],"facilitate":[327],"its":[328],"removal":[329],"swab":[332],"moistened":[333],"mild":[336],"solvent.v":[337],"I":[338,389,421,437],"am":[339],"grateful":[340],"my":[342,364,379],"supervisors,":[343],"Dr.Richard":[344],"Weiss":[345],"Dr.":[347],"Barbara":[348,362],"Berrie,":[349],"mentoring":[351],"me":[352,409,417,429],"over":[353],"past":[355],"five":[356],"years.I":[357],"would":[358,384,390],"like":[359],"acknowledge":[361],"co-mentor":[365],"here,":[366],"departmental":[368],"regulations":[369],"prevent":[370],"this":[371],"title":[372],"given":[374,448],"her":[376],"officially.Without":[377],"Barbara,":[378],"understanding":[380,414],"science":[383],"not":[385],"possible,":[387],"meager":[393],"physical":[394],"chemist":[396],"(sorry":[397],"Dick).Thank":[398],"you":[399,405,434],"both":[400],"endless":[403],"effort":[404],"put":[406],"shaping":[408],"scientist,":[412],"supporting":[416],"during":[418],"wanted":[422],"give":[424],"up,":[425],"pushing":[428],"work":[431,452],"harder":[432],"because":[433],"believed":[435],"was":[438],"capable":[439],"more.I":[441],"feel":[442],"incredibly":[443],"lucky":[444],"have":[446],"been":[447],"opportunity":[450],"two":[454],"scientists":[455],"who":[456],"experts":[458],"fields.":[461]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
