{"id":"https://openalex.org/W75827784","doi":null,"title":"The effect of areca nut on salivary and selected oral microorganisms.","display_name":"The effect of areca nut on salivary and selected oral microorganisms.","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W75827784","mag":"75827784","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9147124"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:9147124","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9147124","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International dental journal","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061532159","display_name":"C M de Miranda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4119-015X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4119-015X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26092322","display_name":"Stellenbosch University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bk57929","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26092322"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C M de Miranda","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26092322"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005565637","display_name":"C W van Wyk","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C W van Wyk","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019472870","display_name":"P van der Biji","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P van der Biji","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109530836","display_name":"Nicolaas J. Basson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N J Basson","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.501,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":53,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63934939,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"46","issue":"4","first_page":"350","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10257","display_name":"Oral microbiology and periodontitis research","score":0.8823000192642212,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3506","display_name":"Periodontics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10257","display_name":"Oral microbiology and periodontitis research","score":0.8823000192642212,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3506","display_name":"Periodontics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10225","display_name":"Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity","score":0.10130000114440918,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14521","display_name":"Medicinal Plant Research","score":0.002199999988079071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/areca-nut","display_name":"areca nut","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arecoline","display_name":"arecoline","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tannic-acid","display_name":"tannic acid","score":0.8640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/catechins","display_name":"catechins","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrolysable-tannins","display_name":"hydrolysable tannins","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antibacterial-activity","display_name":"antibacterial activity","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/salivary-microorganisms","display_name":"salivary microorganisms","score":0.8489999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/streptococcus-mutans","display_name":"Streptococcus mutans","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/streptococcus-salivarius","display_name":"Streptococcus salivarius","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/candida-albicans","display_name":"Candida albicans","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fusobacterium-nucleatum","display_name":"Fusobacterium nucleatum","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/staphylococcus-aureus","display_name":"Staphylococcus aureus","score":0.9480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oral-bacteria","display_name":"oral bacteria","score":0.6930000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mastication","display_name":"mastication","score":0.43700000643730164}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779741799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q157289","display_name":"Areca","level":3,"score":0.8207908868789673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781393965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q427956","display_name":"Tannic acid","level":2,"score":0.7634950876235962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206391251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1186738","display_name":"Nut","level":2,"score":0.728783369064331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781277053","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423515","display_name":"Arecoline","level":4,"score":0.6886531114578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778430296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131452","display_name":"Streptococcus mutans","level":3,"score":0.6686476469039917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31903555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030","display_name":"Food science","level":1,"score":0.6594696044921875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780309462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187607","display_name":"Tannin","level":2,"score":0.6505307555198669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C504460877","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q155925","display_name":"Saliva","level":2,"score":0.6479209065437317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70899900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q290439","display_name":"Polyphenol","level":3,"score":0.6048382520675659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.5484727621078491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777349128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5510311","display_name":"Fusobacterium nucleatum","level":4,"score":0.5365972518920898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779431889","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q415007","display_name":"Catechin","level":4,"score":0.49866437911987305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.4595659077167511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779895986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q140014","display_name":"Enterococcus faecalis","level":4,"score":0.42341798543930054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556039675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q771035","display_name":"Traditional medicine","level":1,"score":0.4149194359779358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523546767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10876","display_name":"Bacteria","level":2,"score":0.388698935508728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779489039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188121","display_name":"Staphylococcus aureus","level":3,"score":0.3781491219997406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.26258283853530884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.2087741196155548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.17081332206726074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778004101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133948","display_name":"Antioxidant","level":2,"score":0.16390261054039001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780183776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3214147","display_name":"Porphyromonas gingivalis","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33789571","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q410959","display_name":"Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000704","descriptor_name":"Analysis of Variance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000890","descriptor_name":"Anti-Infective Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000890","descriptor_name":"Anti-Infective Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000900","descriptor_name":"Anti-Bacterial Agents","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001114","descriptor_name":"Areca","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001115","descriptor_name":"Arecoline","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001115","descriptor_name":"Arecoline","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001252","descriptor_name":"Astringents","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001252","descriptor_name":"Astringents","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002176","descriptor_name":"Candida albicans","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002176","descriptor_name":"Candida albicans","qualifier_ui":"Q000254","qualifier_name":"growth & development","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002392","descriptor_name":"Catechin","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002392","descriptor_name":"Catechin","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003296","descriptor_name":"Cooking","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004305","descriptor_name":"Dose-Response Relationship, Drug","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006868","descriptor_name":"Hydrolysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008409","descriptor_name":"Mastication","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009055","descriptor_name":"Mouth","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010936","descriptor_name":"Plant Extracts","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010946","descriptor_name":"Plants, Medicinal","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012463","descriptor_name":"Saliva","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013211","descriptor_name":"Staphylococcus aureus","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013211","descriptor_name":"Staphylococcus aureus","qualifier_ui":"Q000254","qualifier_name":"growth & development","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013291","descriptor_name":"Streptococcus","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013291","descriptor_name":"Streptococcus","qualifier_ui":"Q000254","qualifier_name":"growth & development","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013295","descriptor_name":"Streptococcus mutans","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013295","descriptor_name":"Streptococcus mutans","qualifier_ui":"Q000254","qualifier_name":"growth & development","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016967","descriptor_name":"Fusobacterium nucleatum","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016967","descriptor_name":"Fusobacterium nucleatum","qualifier_ui":"Q000254","qualifier_name":"growth & development","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D047348","descriptor_name":"Hydrolyzable Tannins","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D047348","descriptor_name":"Hydrolyzable Tannins","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:9147124","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9147124","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International dental journal","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:75827784","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9147124","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9391000270843506,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2126179991","https://openalex.org/W3118738851","https://openalex.org/W4250288847","https://openalex.org/W2319005836","https://openalex.org/W2189180061","https://openalex.org/W3111411104","https://openalex.org/W2033191863","https://openalex.org/W3022518040","https://openalex.org/W4391524510","https://openalex.org/W7162071033"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,42],"aim":[1],"of":[2,13,19,24,38,45,89,110,149,161,185],"this":[3],"study":[4],"was":[5,67,113,123],"to":[6,151,193],"investigate":[7],"the":[8,11,25,32,46,78,87,90,114,118,142,152,168,172,182,186,194,200],"effect":[9,72,133],"on":[10,50,73,137],"growth":[12,88],"salivary":[14,74,138],"and":[15,31,36,57,99,188],"selected":[16,91],"oral":[17],"microorganisms":[18],"areca":[20,83],"nut,":[21,26],"aqueous":[22],"extracts":[23],"its":[27,39,71],"major":[28],"alkaloid":[29],"arecoline":[30],"components":[33],"tannic":[34,177],"acid":[35,122],"catechin":[37,128],"tannin":[40,173],"fraction.":[41],"antibacterial":[43,125,132,183],"properties":[44,184],"above":[47],"were":[48],"tested":[49],"Streptococcus":[51,53],"mutans,":[52],"salivarius,":[54],"Candida":[55],"albicans":[56,112],"Fusobacterium":[58],"nucleatum":[59],"and,":[60],"as":[61],"a":[62,94,158],"control,":[63],"Staphylococcus":[64],"aureus.":[65],"This":[66],"followed":[68],"by":[69,117],"investigating":[70],"organisms":[75,92,139],"cultured":[76],"from":[77],"saliva":[79,150],"after":[80,140],"chewing":[81,141],"boiled":[82,100],"nut.":[84,108],"Extracts":[85],"inhibited":[86],"in":[93,171,199],"concentration":[95],"dependent":[96],"manner,":[97],"baked":[98],"nuts":[101],"being":[102],"significantly":[103],"more":[104],"potent":[105],"than":[106],"raw":[107],"Growth":[109],"C.":[111],"least":[115],"affected":[116],"nut":[119,143,187,195],"extracts.":[120],"Tannic":[121],"strongly":[124],"but":[126,147],"not":[127],"or":[129],"arecoline.":[130],"No":[131],"could":[134],"be":[135],"demonstrated":[136],"for":[144,154,181],"5":[145],"minutes":[146],"exposure":[148,192],"cud":[153],"1":[155],"hour":[156],"caused":[157],"significant":[159],"depression":[160],"bacterial":[162],"growth.":[163],"It":[164],"is":[165],"concluded":[166],"that":[167,189],"hydrolysable":[169],"tannins":[170],"fraction,":[174],"which":[175],"include":[176],"acid,":[178],"are":[179],"responsible":[180],"prolonged":[190],"intraoral":[191],"can":[196],"suppress":[197],"bacteria":[198],"mouth.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
