{"id":"https://openalex.org/W75683134","doi":null,"title":"[Temperament and Character Inventory Revised (TCI-R). Standardization and normative data in a general population sample].","display_name":"[Temperament and Character Inventory Revised (TCI-R). Standardization and normative data in a general population sample].","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W75683134","mag":"75683134","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14963776"},"language":"es","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:actaspsiquiatria.es:article/877","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://actaspsiquiatria.es/index.php/actas/article/view/877","pdf_url":"https://actaspsiquiatria.es/index.php/actas/article/download/877/1534","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S167709542","display_name":"Actas Espa\u00f1olas de Psiquiatr\u00eda","issn_l":"1139-9287","issn":["1139-9287","1578-2735"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4365328534","host_organization_name":"Fundaci\u00f3n Juan Jos\u00e9 L\u00f3pez-Ibor","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4365328534"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Fundaci\u00f3n Juan Jos\u00e9 L\u00f3pez-Ibor"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"1139-9287","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://actaspsiquiatria.es/index.php/actas/article/download/877/1534","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060412065","display_name":"Jose Alfonso Guti\u00e9rrez-Zotes","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801717687","display_name":"Institut Pere Mata","ror":"https://ror.org/04pqf8583","country_code":"ES","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801717687"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55952717","display_name":"Universitat Rovira i Virgili","ror":"https://ror.org/00g5sqv46","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55952717"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J A Guti\u00e9rrez-Zotes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hospital Psiqui\u00e1trico Universitario Instituto Pere Mata, Universidad Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Tarragona"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hospital Psiqui\u00e1trico Universitario Instituto Pere Mata, Universidad Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Tarragona","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801717687","https://openalex.org/I55952717"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038850502","display_name":"Carmen Bay\u00f3n","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2018-6135","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2018-6135"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C Bay\u00f3n","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113455335","display_name":"C Montserrat","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C Montserrat","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042015512","display_name":"J. Valero","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8658-0602","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8658-0602"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J Valero","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112968709","display_name":"A Labad","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A Labad","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007283857","display_name":"Claude Robert Cloninger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3096-4807","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3096-4807"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C R Cloninger","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003496200","display_name":"Fernando Fern\u00e1ndez\u2010Aranda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2968-9898","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2968-9898"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F Fern\u00e1ndez-Aranda","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.049,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":275,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96609179,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"1","first_page":"8","last_page":"15"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11040","display_name":"Personality Traits and Psychology","score":0.9463000297546387,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11040","display_name":"Personality Traits and Psychology","score":0.9463000297546387,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12848","display_name":"Psychological Testing and Assessment","score":0.03500000014901161,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11093","display_name":"Personality Disorders and Psychopathology","score":0.0066999997943639755,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temperament-and-character-inventory-revised","display_name":"Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spanish-adaptation","display_name":"Spanish adaptation","score":0.6959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reference-values","display_name":"reference values","score":0.781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personality-factors","display_name":"personality factors","score":0.6980000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sex-differences","display_name":"sex differences","score":0.5289999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/age-differences","display_name":"age differences","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/t-score","display_name":"T-score","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/general-population","display_name":"general population","score":0.5329999923706055}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776582870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5659011","display_name":"Harm avoidance","level":4,"score":0.9528918266296387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778699373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1187611","display_name":"Temperament and Character Inventory","level":4,"score":0.9479773640632629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781293773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5167926","display_name":"Cooperativeness","level":4,"score":0.7764782905578613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.7326682209968567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179184181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7319030","display_name":"Reward dependence","level":5,"score":0.7029456496238708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44725695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q288156","display_name":"Normative","level":2,"score":0.6850221157073975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.6478830575942993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61644593","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80157","display_name":"Temperament","level":3,"score":0.6078711748123169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187288502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641118","display_name":"Personality","level":2,"score":0.5400060415267944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.5192604064941406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.4267725348472595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.3815154731273651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.33707141876220703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.26447319984436035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002605","descriptor_name":"Character","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011159","descriptor_name":"Population Surveillance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011795","descriptor_name":"Surveys and Questionnaires","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013694","descriptor_name":"Temperament","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:actaspsiquiatria.es:article/877","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://actaspsiquiatria.es/index.php/actas/article/view/877","pdf_url":"https://actaspsiquiatria.es/index.php/actas/article/download/877/1534","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S167709542","display_name":"Actas Espa\u00f1olas de Psiquiatr\u00eda","issn_l":"1139-9287","issn":["1139-9287","1578-2735"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4365328534","host_organization_name":"Fundaci\u00f3n Juan Jos\u00e9 L\u00f3pez-Ibor","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4365328534"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Fundaci\u00f3n Juan Jos\u00e9 L\u00f3pez-Ibor"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"1139-9287","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmid:14963776","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14963776","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Actas espanolas de psiquiatria","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:119567195","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=813877","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S167709542","display_name":"Actas Espa\u00f1olas de Psiquiatr\u00eda","issn_l":"1139-9287","issn":["1139-9287","1578-2735"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4365328534","host_organization_name":"Fundaci\u00f3n Juan Jos\u00e9 L\u00f3pez-Ibor","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4365328534"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Fundaci\u00f3n Juan Jos\u00e9 L\u00f3pez-Ibor"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Actas Espa\u00f1olas de Psiquiatr\u00eda","raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:75683134","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14963776","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:actaspsiquiatria.es:article/877","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://actaspsiquiatria.es/index.php/actas/article/view/877","pdf_url":"https://actaspsiquiatria.es/index.php/actas/article/download/877/1534","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S167709542","display_name":"Actas Espa\u00f1olas de Psiquiatr\u00eda","issn_l":"1139-9287","issn":["1139-9287","1578-2735"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4365328534","host_organization_name":"Fundaci\u00f3n Juan Jos\u00e9 L\u00f3pez-Ibor","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4365328534"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Fundaci\u00f3n Juan Jos\u00e9 L\u00f3pez-Ibor"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"1139-9287","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.6240000128746033}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W75683134.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W75683134.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W61712016","https://openalex.org/W1579719239","https://openalex.org/W1975903778","https://openalex.org/W1976536269","https://openalex.org/W1989844817","https://openalex.org/W2048128394","https://openalex.org/W2085981834","https://openalex.org/W2099931835","https://openalex.org/W2110634897","https://openalex.org/W2111553921","https://openalex.org/W2114665340","https://openalex.org/W2119632107","https://openalex.org/W2163153332"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W119567195","https://openalex.org/W2217159535","https://openalex.org/W1861902177","https://openalex.org/W1592564198","https://openalex.org/W2417128828","https://openalex.org/W2100094646","https://openalex.org/W2098772050","https://openalex.org/W7071915843","https://openalex.org/W2059215761","https://openalex.org/W2012115860"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"INTRODUCTION:":[0],"The":[1,38,78,149,175,217],"revised":[2],"version":[3,219],"of":[4,21,30,40,56,76,117,127,143,151,177,220,231,234],"the":[5,19,22,41,57,66,89,98,105,114,118,123,128,133,144,152,178,186,214,221,229],"Temperament":[6],"and":[7,34,48,85,102,104,109,120,125,135,147,199,213],"Character":[8],"Inventory":[9],"(TCI-R),":[10],"a":[11,53,163],"tool":[12,67,227],"designed":[13],"by":[14],"C.":[15],"R.":[16],"Cloninger":[17],"for":[18,141,156,228],"evaluation":[20],"seven":[23],"dimensions":[24,146,154,179,233],"defined":[25],"in":[26,52,185,194,204],"his":[27],"psychobiological":[28],"model":[29],"personality,":[31],"was":[32,43,68],"translated":[33],"adapted":[35],"to":[36,44,64,70,83,88,139,160,170],"Spanish.":[37],"aim":[39],"study":[42,230],"obtain":[45],"normative":[46],"data":[47],"scales":[49],"with":[50,122],"T-scores":[51],"incidental":[54],"sample":[55,79],"general":[58,157],"Spanish":[59,92,218],"population.":[60,236],"METHODS:":[61],"After":[62],"adaptation":[63],"Spanish,":[65],"administered":[69],"400":[71],"subjects":[72],"from":[73],"several":[74],"areas":[75],"Spain.":[77],"is":[80,180,224],"stratified":[81],"according":[82,87,138,159],"age":[84,108,212],"gender":[86,161],"year":[90],"2001":[91],"population":[93,158],"census.":[94],"We":[95,111,131],"have":[96,112],"studied":[97],"differences":[99,184],"between":[100,107,211],"men":[101],"women":[103,191],"association":[106],"dimensions.":[110,215],"checked":[113],"normal":[115,164,235],"distribution":[116,165],"traits,":[119],"proceeded":[121],"standardization":[124],"normalization":[126],"scores.":[129],"RESULTS:":[130],"present":[132],"mean":[134],"standard":[136],"deviation":[137],"sex":[140],"each":[142],"main":[145,153],"subscales.":[148],"scores":[150],"obtained":[155],"show":[162],"that":[166],"has":[167],"allowed":[168],"us":[169],"standardize":[171],"them":[172],"into":[173],"T-scores.":[174],"reliability":[176],"high.":[181],"There":[182,206],"are":[183],"means":[187],"depending":[188],"on":[189],"gender:":[190],"scored":[192,202],"higher":[193,203],"Harm":[195],"Avoidance,":[196],"Reward":[197],"Dependence":[198],"Cooperativeness.":[200],"Men":[201],"Persistence.":[205],"were":[207],"no":[208],"high":[209],"correlations":[210],"CONCLUSIONS:":[216],"new":[222],"TCI-R":[223],"an":[225],"adequate":[226],"personality":[232]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":13}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}