{"id":"https://openalex.org/W75662200","doi":null,"title":"Foreign Policy for Sale? Interest Group Influence on President Clinton's Cuba Policy, August 1994","display_name":"Foreign Policy for Sale? Interest Group Influence on President Clinton's Cuba Policy, August 1994","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W75662200","mag":"75662200"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:75662200","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/27551840","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103858575","display_name":"Presidential Studies Quarterly","issn_l":"0360-4918","issn":["0360-4918","1741-5705"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Presidential Studies Quarterly","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034706918","display_name":"Jonathan Cole Smith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5106-6964","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5106-6964"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"J. Cole Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5106-6964","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5034706918"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3300,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3300},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1938,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82283015,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"1","first_page":"207","last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12375","display_name":"Cuban History and Society","score":0.4203999936580658,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12375","display_name":"Cuban History and Society","score":0.4203999936580658,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10053","display_name":"International Relations and Foreign Policy","score":0.19290000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12225","display_name":"Political Influence and Corporate Strategies","score":0.1462000012397766,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interest-group-influence","display_name":"interest group influence","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinton-administration","display_name":"Clinton administration","score":0.38999998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cuban-exodus","display_name":"Cuban exodus","score":0.31299999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electoral-politics","display_name":"electoral politics","score":0.43299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fidel-castro","display_name":"Fidel Castro","score":0.4659999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/us-cuba-relations","display_name":"US-Cuba relations","score":0.5210000276565552}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.5855483412742615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777596936","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727002","display_name":"Charter","level":2,"score":0.5844249725341797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70036468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131288","display_name":"Immigration","level":2,"score":0.5743325352668762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5654004216194153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93377909","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181648","display_name":"Foreign policy","level":3,"score":0.5073453783988953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173145845","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131572","display_name":"Refugee","level":2,"score":0.4925008714199066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777558666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48782465","display_name":"Immigration reform","level":4,"score":0.45106935501098633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6303427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47398","display_name":"Economic history","level":1,"score":0.4268483519554138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.416880339384079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111141941","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q218719","display_name":"Immigration policy","level":3,"score":0.37764760851860046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.284607470035553}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:75662200","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/27551840","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103858575","display_name":"Presidential Studies Quarterly","issn_l":"0360-4918","issn":["0360-4918","1741-5705"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Presidential Studies Quarterly","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4399999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W567256875","https://openalex.org/W2012816589","https://openalex.org/W2033496127","https://openalex.org/W2051718275","https://openalex.org/W2075134107","https://openalex.org/W2120946983","https://openalex.org/W2316960623","https://openalex.org/W2332463563","https://openalex.org/W2549291717"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2216391983","https://openalex.org/W2738234138","https://openalex.org/W2594527941","https://openalex.org/W2102934839","https://openalex.org/W2478083984","https://openalex.org/W1928486534","https://openalex.org/W4232780505","https://openalex.org/W1993546266","https://openalex.org/W4280599659","https://openalex.org/W2562561439"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Anything":[0],"the":[1,31,39,52,67,71,76,102,111,117,146,153,156,163,183,197,204,244,255,260,276,282,295,325,342,346,356,382,407,411,420,431,434,443,453,460,474,478,482,488,497,502,512,515,525,531,534,621],"Foundation":[2,166],"wants,":[3],"it":[4,95],"gets.(1)":[5],"Aide":[6],"to":[7,81,88,92,94,110,231,240,292,300,381,441,452,464,524,553],"Representative":[8],"Robert":[9],"Torricelli":[10,326],"At":[11],"1:30":[12],"P.M.":[13],"on":[14,339],"a":[15,24,97,133,200,211,304,359,363,369,450,519,599],"Friday":[16],"afternoon":[17],"(August":[18],"19,":[19],"1994),":[20],"President":[21,351,547],"Clinton":[22,215,306,368,373,386,412],"held":[23],"White":[25,516],"House":[26,517],"Press":[27],"Conference":[28],"and":[29,47,58,139,168,237,242,248,268,311,493,528,561,590,610],"reversed":[30],"U.S.":[32,582],"policy":[33,583,616],"of":[34,55,116,158,185,199,246,284,344,348,395,406,433,455,468,477,505,514,530,536,558],"accepting":[35],"Cuban":[36,119,228,397,425],"immigrants":[37,229],"into":[38],"United":[40,112,435],"States.":[41,113],"Cubans":[42,109],"had":[43,63,123,180,353,391],"been":[44,64],"fashioning":[45],"rafts":[46],"departing":[48],"for":[49,258,336],"Florida":[50,68,418],"since":[51],"first":[53],"days":[54],"August":[56,588],"1994,":[57],"over":[59,89,107,128],"seven":[60],"thousand":[61],"refugees":[62],"rescued":[65],"in":[66,70,136,220,281,312,321,333,400,417,466,487,587,623],"straights":[69],"last":[72],"week":[73],"alone.":[74],"Furthermore,":[75],"trend":[77],"did":[78],"not":[79],"appear":[80],"be":[82,449],"slowing":[83],"(the":[84],"final":[85],"number":[86],"climbed":[87],"40,000)--some":[90],"began":[91],"refer":[93],"as":[96,210,462,471,518,533],"slow":[98],"motion":[99],"Mariel,":[100],"remembering":[101],"1980":[103],"exodus":[104],"that":[105,152,177,254,410,537,546],"brought":[106],"120,000":[108],"The":[114,142,148,174,192],"reversal":[115],"twenty-eight-year-old":[118],"Adjustment":[120],"Act,":[121],"which":[122,203,328,458],"enjoyed":[124],"strong":[125],"bipartisan":[126],"support":[127],"its":[129,169,221],"life":[130],"span,":[131],"was":[132,155,279,290,329],"major":[134],"shift":[135],"American":[137],"foreign":[138,444],"immigration":[140],"policy.(2)":[141],"question":[143],"is,":[144],"why":[145],"change?":[147],"New":[149,193,383],"Republic":[150,194],"contended":[151,176],"president":[154,205,432,461],"victim":[157],"interest":[159,439,476,554,575,612],"group":[160,440,555,576],"politics--in":[161],"particular,":[162],"Cuban-American":[164,309],"National":[165],"(CANF)":[167],"leader,":[170],"Jorge":[171],"Mas":[178],"Canosa.":[173],"article":[175,252,567,604],"(Canosa)":[179],"pulled":[181],"off":[182],"coup":[184],"his":[186,401,559],"career--dictating":[187],"America's":[188],"new":[189],"Cuba":[190,340,585],"policy.":[191],"concluded,":[195],"With":[196],"exception":[198],"naval":[201],"blockade,":[202],"said":[206],"he":[207,287,289,323,390,472],"would":[208,447],"reserve":[209],"future":[212],"option,":[213],"Bill":[214,274],"granted":[216],"Mas's":[217,223],"wish":[218],"list":[219,224],"entirety.(3)":[222],"included":[225],"detaining":[226],"all":[227],"attempting":[230],"reach":[232],"Florida,":[233,294],"eliminating":[234],"charter":[235],"flights":[236],"cash":[238],"remittances":[239],"Cuba,":[241],"increasing":[243],"budget":[245],"Radio":[247],"TV":[249],"Marti.(4)":[250],"This":[251,446,566,603],"speculated":[253],"president's":[256],"motivations":[257],"towing":[259],"Canosa":[262],"line":[263],"revolved":[264],"around":[265],"electoral":[266],"politics":[267,577],"money.":[269],"As":[496],"Bardach":[271],"notes,":[272],"[F]or":[273],"Clinton,":[275],"faustian":[277],"deal":[278],"struck":[280],"Spring":[283],"1992":[285,421],"when":[286],"realized":[288],"going":[291],"lose":[293],"third":[296],"most":[297],"populous":[298],"state,":[299],"George":[301],"Bush.(5)":[302],"result,":[305,360],"met":[307],"with":[308,341],"leaders,":[310],"an":[313,438,574],"April":[314],"23,":[315],"1994":[316],"speech":[317],"at":[318],"Victor's":[319,388],"Cafe":[320,389],"Miami,":[322],"endorsed":[324],"bill,(6)":[327],"then":[330],"under":[331],"consideration":[332],"Congress.(7)":[334],"Calling":[335],"tougher":[337],"measures":[338],"purpose":[343],"accelerating":[345],"downfall":[347],"Fidel":[349],"Castro,":[350],"Bush":[352],"delayed":[354],"endorsing":[355],"bill.":[357],"Canosa,":[362],"very":[364],"prominent":[365],"conservative-Republican,":[366],"gave":[367],"surprising":[370],"endorsement.(8)":[371],"Candidate":[372],"also":[374,522,543,605,618],"received":[375,414],"significant":[376],"financial":[377],"campaign":[378,402,413],"contributions.":[379],"According":[380],"Republic,":[384],"When":[385],"left":[387],"nearly":[392],"$300,000":[393],"worth":[394],"Mas-controlled":[396],"exile":[398],"money":[399],"coffers.":[403],"Indeed,":[404],"half":[405],"$1":[408],"million":[409],"from":[415,424],"contributors":[416],"during":[419],"election":[422],"came":[423],"exiles.(9)":[426],"Could":[427,430],"this":[428],"be?":[429],"States":[436],"allow":[437],"dictate":[442],"policy?":[445],"indeed":[448],"blow":[451],"school":[454],"political":[456],"science,":[457],"sees":[459],"able":[463],"stand":[465],"defiance":[467],"narrow":[469],"interests":[470,509],"represents":[473],"broader":[475],"entire":[479],"nation.(10)":[480],"However,":[481],"presidency":[483,498,532],"has":[484,500],"grown":[485],"significantly":[486],"twentieth":[489],"century.":[490],"Schlozman":[492],"Tierney":[494],"note,":[495],"increasingly":[499],"become":[501],"focal":[503],"point":[504,523],"national":[506],"policy-making,":[507],"organized":[508],"have":[510,539],"recognized":[511],"significance":[513],"target.":[520],"They":[521],"increased":[526],"fragmentation":[527],"decentralization":[529],"responsibilities":[535],"office":[538],"grown.(11)":[540],"There":[541],"is":[542,550],"some":[544],"contention":[545],"Clinton's":[548],"situation":[549],"more":[551,600],"susceptible":[552],"influence":[556],"because":[557],"open":[560],"somewhat":[562],"chaotic":[563],"management":[564],"style.(12)":[565],"examines":[568],"two":[569],"central":[570],"questions:":[571],"(1)":[572],"Does":[573],"model":[578],"adequately":[579],"explain":[580],"how":[581,611,620],"toward":[584],"changed":[586],"1994?":[589],"(2)":[591],"If":[592],"not,":[593],"what":[594],"other":[595],"competing":[596],"models":[597],"offer":[598],"satisfying":[601],"explanation?":[602],"moves":[606],"beyond":[607],"examining":[608],"if":[609],"groups":[613],"affect":[614],"presidential":[615],"by":[617],"studying":[619],"president,":[622],"turn,":[624],"influences":[625],"these":[626],"groups.":[627],"\u2026":[628]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-22T06:50:58.402377","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
