{"id":"https://openalex.org/W75584041","doi":null,"title":"MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOAL 7.C - ACCESS TO WATER: AN EXPLORATORY LOOK AT SIX COUNTRIES","display_name":"MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOAL 7.C - ACCESS TO WATER: AN EXPLORATORY LOOK AT SIX COUNTRIES","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-09-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W75584041","mag":"75584041"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:d-scholarship.pitt.edu:13497","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/13497/1/GerstelThesisFINAL9.11.12.pdf","pdf_url":"https://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/13497/1/GerstelThesisFINAL9.11.12.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402372","display_name":"D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","host_organization_name":"University of Pittsburgh","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028683456","display_name":"Christina Marie Gerstel","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Christina Marie Gerstel","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028683456"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.00860266,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14232","display_name":"Water Resource Management and Quality","score":0.4860999882221222,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14232","display_name":"Water Resource Management and Quality","score":0.4860999882221222,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10596","display_name":"Child Nutrition and Water Access","score":0.44359999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14169","display_name":"Public Health and Environmental Issues","score":0.0210999995470047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/safe-drinking-water-access","display_name":"safe drinking water access","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waterborne-diseases","display_name":"waterborne diseases","score":0.7239999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hygiene-practices","display_name":"hygiene practices","score":0.9470000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-population-growth","display_name":"urban population growth","score":0.7059999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-sector-governance","display_name":"water sector governance","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-policy","display_name":"water policy","score":0.6230000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/developing-countries","display_name":"developing countries","score":0.7350000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malawi","display_name":"Malawi","score":0.9100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/burkina-faso","display_name":"Burkina Faso","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-supply-infrastructure","display_name":"water supply infrastructure","score":0.38199999928474426}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779503283","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81737","display_name":"Millennium Development Goals","level":3,"score":0.7007088661193848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5551250576972961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5463659167289734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C547646559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162297","display_name":"Hygiene","level":2,"score":0.5402718186378479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.5321927070617676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83864248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177323","display_name":"Developing country","level":2,"score":0.4998154640197754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780797713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q625376","display_name":"Water quality","level":2,"score":0.4740417003631592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780151969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q949149","display_name":"Sanitation","level":2,"score":0.4728429913520813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.4716053605079651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C552854447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131201","display_name":"Sustainable development","level":2,"score":0.47098514437675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97053079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061108","display_name":"Water supply","level":2,"score":0.46521949768066406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.44410279393196106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.3629482686519623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91375879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15473274","display_name":"Environmental planning","level":1,"score":0.34256359934806824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526734887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q832237","display_name":"Environmental protection","level":1,"score":0.3411174416542053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.29130327701568604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.24185678362846375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12676003575325012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.11291491985321045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87717796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326","display_name":"Environmental engineering","level":1,"score":0.10904994606971741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.09023243188858032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:d-scholarship.pitt.edu:13497","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/13497/1/GerstelThesisFINAL9.11.12.pdf","pdf_url":"https://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/13497/1/GerstelThesisFINAL9.11.12.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402372","display_name":"D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","host_organization_name":"University of Pittsburgh","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"},{"id":"mag:75584041","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/13497/1/GerstelThesisFINAL9.11.12.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","score":0.965499997138977},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9391000270843506},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.5676000118255615}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1502086753","https://openalex.org/W1701229612","https://openalex.org/W1751125464","https://openalex.org/W1803368100","https://openalex.org/W1968152556","https://openalex.org/W1985295664","https://openalex.org/W1985462236","https://openalex.org/W1990182246","https://openalex.org/W1993073242","https://openalex.org/W2000297283","https://openalex.org/W2000654750","https://openalex.org/W2001871098","https://openalex.org/W2003042640","https://openalex.org/W2005202095","https://openalex.org/W2006040396","https://openalex.org/W2013535778","https://openalex.org/W2015732275","https://openalex.org/W2023323678","https://openalex.org/W2026920894","https://openalex.org/W2027492304","https://openalex.org/W2060443882","https://openalex.org/W2063067565","https://openalex.org/W2066268751","https://openalex.org/W2073153798","https://openalex.org/W2073854470","https://openalex.org/W2074226012","https://openalex.org/W2079484045","https://openalex.org/W2083485809","https://openalex.org/W2099303078","https://openalex.org/W2110272932","https://openalex.org/W2112155555","https://openalex.org/W2113376613","https://openalex.org/W2129883617","https://openalex.org/W2130719426","https://openalex.org/W2135576309","https://openalex.org/W2147733841","https://openalex.org/W2147959329","https://openalex.org/W2150085327","https://openalex.org/W2150192103","https://openalex.org/W2154108973","https://openalex.org/W2161027813","https://openalex.org/W2166306439","https://openalex.org/W2172098474","https://openalex.org/W2201173905","https://openalex.org/W2408801879","https://openalex.org/W4234099166"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2346283187","https://openalex.org/W2944410420","https://openalex.org/W3083242864","https://openalex.org/W2935967367","https://openalex.org/W1993228273","https://openalex.org/W1995113658","https://openalex.org/W1939736883","https://openalex.org/W24297107","https://openalex.org/W1541912974","https://openalex.org/W4231450646"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"At":[0],"the":[1,16,29,33,50,65,71,83,103,148,165,169,209,222,232,245,256,259,329,336,342],"beginning":[2],"of":[3,15,52,63,82,100,121,150,173,205,213,221,234,258,311,335],"1980,":[4],"it":[5],"was":[6],"estimated":[7],"that":[8,70,145,200,226],"1.8":[9],"billion":[10],"people,":[11],"or":[12,123],"40":[13],"percent":[14],"world\u2019s":[17,337],"population,":[18],"lacked":[19],"access":[20,56,90,124,178,261,301],"to":[21,46,57,91,125,130,138,167,179,186,228,231,243,262,302],"a":[22,96,161,184,273],"safe":[23,58,92,151,180,303],"drinking":[24,59,72,93,181,210,264,304],"water":[25,73,94,122,128,152,182,211,265,272,288,305],"supply.":[26],"In":[27,61],"2000,":[28],"United":[30],"Nations":[31],"established":[32],"Millennium":[34],"Development":[35],"Goals,":[36],"and":[37,67,115,118,134,142,157,190,236,277,285,314,318,332],"among":[38],"these":[39,346],"goals":[40],"is":[41,135,239],"MDG":[42,76,214,323],"7.C,":[43],"which":[44],"aims":[45],"reduce":[47,191],"by":[48],"half":[49],"proportion":[51,257],"people":[53,101,299],"without":[54,300],"sustainable":[55],"water.":[60],"March":[62],"2012,":[64],"WHO":[66],"UNICEF":[68],"announced":[69],"target":[74,212],"for":[75],"7.C":[77,324],"had":[78],"been":[79],"met":[80],"ahead":[81],"2015":[84],"deadline.":[85],"However,":[86],"30":[87],"years":[88],"after":[89],"became":[95],"global":[97],"priority,":[98],"millions":[99],"around":[102],"world":[104],"still":[105,254],"lack":[106],"this":[107,174,217,279],"basic":[108],"necessity.":[109],"Water":[110],"has":[111,251],"many":[112,334],"important":[113],"health":[114,171],"developmental":[116],"applications":[117],"consequences.":[119],"Lack":[120],"poor":[126],"quality":[127],"contributes":[129],"inadequate":[131],"hygienic":[132],"practices":[133,189],"closely":[136],"linked":[137],"diseases.":[139,193],"High":[140],"mortality":[141],"morbidity":[143],"rates":[144],"result":[146],"from":[147],"inaccessibility":[149],"come":[153],"with":[154,281,291],"significant":[155],"social":[156],"economic":[158],"costs.":[159],"With":[160,328],"primary":[162],"emphasis":[163],"on":[164,177],"consequences":[166],"health,":[168],"public":[170],"significance":[172],"paper":[175,195],"focuses":[176],"as":[183,345],"means":[185],"improve":[187],"hygiene":[188],"water-borne":[192],"This":[194],"explores":[196],"six":[197],"developing":[198],"countries":[199,269,339],"have":[201,229,270,321],"experienced":[202,252],"different":[203],"levels":[204],"success":[206,233],"in":[207,308],"achieving":[208],"7.C.":[215],"As":[216,316],"analysis":[218],"reveals,":[219],"one":[220],"biggest":[223],"contributing":[224],"factors":[225],"seem":[227],"led":[230],"Malawi":[235,317],"Burkina":[237,319],"Faso":[238,320],"each":[240,250],"country\u2019s":[241],"ability":[242],"absorb":[244],"rapid":[246],"urban":[247],"population":[248],"growth":[249],"while":[253],"increasing":[255],"population\u2019s":[260],"improved":[263],"sources.":[266],"Additionally,":[267],"both":[268],"made":[271],"specific":[274],"development":[275],"priority":[276],"backed":[278],"up":[280],"funding,":[282],"sound":[283],"policies":[284],"seemingly":[286],"strong":[287],"sector":[289],"authorities":[290],"clearly":[292],"defined":[293],"roles.":[294],"There":[295],"remain":[296],"780":[297],"million":[298],"who":[306],"are":[307],"constant":[309],"danger":[310],"illness,":[312],"disability":[313],"death.":[315],"demonstrated,":[322],"can":[325,340],"be":[326],"achieved.":[327],"right":[330],"support":[331],"planning,":[333],"poorest":[338],"achieve":[341],"same":[343],"successes":[344],"two":[347],"countries.":[348]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}