{"id":"https://openalex.org/W755801686","doi":null,"title":"Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy and evaluation of risk factors. A review of 1,005 diabetic clinic patients.","display_name":"Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy and evaluation of risk factors. A review of 1,005 diabetic clinic patients.","publication_year":1988,"publication_date":"1988-10-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W755801686","mag":"755801686","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3055357"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:3055357","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3055357","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113311730","display_name":"D P Mouton","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26092322","display_name":"Stellenbosch University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bk57929","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26092322"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802694459","display_name":"Tygerberg Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01hs8x754","country_code":"ZA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1307091933","https://openalex.org/I2802694459"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D P Mouton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ophthalmology, University of Stellenbosch and Tygerberg Hospital, Parowvallei, CP"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of Stellenbosch and Tygerberg Hospital, Parowvallei, CP","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26092322","https://openalex.org/I2802694459"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"A J Gill","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A J Gill","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5256,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.6151765,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"74","issue":"8","first_page":"399","last_page":"402"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10170","display_name":"Retinal Diseases and Treatments","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10170","display_name":"Retinal Diseases and Treatments","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10560","display_name":"Diabetes Management and Research","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetic-retinopathy","display_name":"diabetic retinopathy","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prevalence","display_name":"prevalence","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-factors","display_name":"risk factors","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-duration","display_name":"diabetes duration","score":0.7540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypertension","display_name":"hypertension","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/serum-cholesterol","display_name":"serum cholesterol","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoking","display_name":"smoking","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/race","display_name":"race","score":0.6449999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sex-differences","display_name":"sex differences","score":0.6290000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-of-diabetes","display_name":"type of diabetes","score":0.8489999771118164}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9843543767929077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779829184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631361","display_name":"Diabetic retinopathy","level":3,"score":0.7410366535186768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.7378528714179993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778313320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q550455","display_name":"Retinopathy","level":3,"score":0.7027320861816406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.5951182842254639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777180221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3025883","display_name":"Type 2 diabetes","level":3,"score":0.5068042874336243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.21205702424049377}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002784","descriptor_name":"Cholesterol","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003920","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus","qualifier_ui":"Q000178","qualifier_name":"diet therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003930","descriptor_name":"Diabetic Retinopathy","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006973","descriptor_name":"Hypertension","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012737","descriptor_name":"Sex Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012907","descriptor_name":"Smoking","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D044469","descriptor_name":"Racial Groups","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:3055357","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3055357","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:755801686","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3055357","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2306298614","https://openalex.org/W2138053866","https://openalex.org/W3009023431","https://openalex.org/W2090010308","https://openalex.org/W2066760989","https://openalex.org/W2087776328","https://openalex.org/W2354110766","https://openalex.org/W4287879958","https://openalex.org/W3170256586","https://openalex.org/W2171345927"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"One":[0],"thousand":[1],"and":[2,9,32,57,77],"five":[3],"diabetic":[4],"patients":[5],"were":[6,38,65],"evaluated":[7],"ophthalmologically":[8],"classified":[10],"into":[11],"one":[12],"of":[13,21,24,29,42,45,49,60,63,79],"four":[14],"groups":[15],"according":[16],"to":[17,67],"the":[18,22,47,58],"retinopathy":[19,36,74],"status":[20,37],"worst":[23],"their":[25,33],"eyes.":[26],"The":[27],"presence":[28,48,59],"various":[30],"factors":[31],"influence":[34,72],"on":[35,73],"evaluated.":[39],"Race,":[40],"duration":[41],"diabetes,":[43],"type":[44,78],"treatment,":[46],"hypertension,":[50],"a":[51,69],"high":[52],"serum":[53],"cholesterol":[54],"level,":[55],"smoking":[56],"systemic":[61],"complications":[62],"diabetes":[64,80],"found":[66],"have":[68],"statistically":[70],"important":[71],"status.":[75],"Sex":[76],"had":[81],"no":[82],"such":[83],"influence.":[84]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}