{"id":"https://openalex.org/W755287670","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781139161848.011","title":"Environmental health Research Involving Human Participants","display_name":"Environmental health Research Involving Human Participants","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-06-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W755287670","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781139161848.011","mag":"755287670"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/cbo9781139161848.011","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781139161848.011","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781139161848.011","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306462995","display_name":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Environmental Health Ethics","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W133968259","display_name":"Environmental Health Ethics"},"type":"book-chapter","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061129814","display_name":"David B. Resnik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5139-9555","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5139-9555"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"David B. Resnik","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5061129814"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.08495802,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"222","last_page":"241"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10582","display_name":"Ethics in Clinical Research","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10582","display_name":"Ethics in Clinical Research","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13147","display_name":"Ethics and bioethics in healthcare","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14393","display_name":"Health, Environment, Cognitive Aging","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-health-research","display_name":"environmental health research","score":0.9179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-participants","display_name":"human participants","score":0.7070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/research-ethics","display_name":"research ethics","score":0.949999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/informed-consent","display_name":"informed consent","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-research-ethics","display_name":"history of research ethics","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerable-populations","display_name":"vulnerable populations","score":0.7350000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/research-regulation","display_name":"research regulation","score":0.5590000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethical-principles","display_name":"ethical principles","score":0.5550000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-medical-research","display_name":"history of medical research","score":0.5320000052452087}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.49817800521850586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987857752","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12147","display_name":"Human health","level":2,"score":0.4971809685230255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.2811073660850525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.21793851256370544}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1017/cbo9781139161848.011","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781139161848.011","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781139161848.011","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306462995","display_name":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Environmental Health Ethics","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.6240000128746033}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2496583424","https://openalex.org/W4248119115","https://openalex.org/W2937666712","https://openalex.org/W2224142565","https://openalex.org/W2009127412","https://openalex.org/W2382211905","https://openalex.org/W2054478184","https://openalex.org/W2075254243","https://openalex.org/W2148795408","https://openalex.org/W2518012557"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"noted":[1],"in":[2,13,36],"Chapter":[3],"2,":[4],"research":[5,64,70,117,154],"with":[6,65,71,118,155],"human":[7,26,66,72,119,156],"participants":[8,75],"plays":[9],"an":[10],"essential":[11],"role":[12],"understanding":[14],"the":[15,19,52,150],"health":[16,38,69],"impacts":[17],"of":[18,51,79,128,153,192],"environment.":[20],"This":[21],"chapter":[22],"will":[23,45,85],"focus":[24],"on":[25,149,162,199],"participant":[27],"issues":[28,83],"that":[29,84],"create":[30],"unique":[31],"or":[32,114],"especially":[33],"challenging":[34],"problems":[35],"environmental":[37],"research.":[39],"Before":[40],"exploring":[41],"these":[42],"issues,":[43],"it":[44],"be":[46,87],"useful":[47],"to":[48,63,104],"review":[49],"some":[50,140],"important":[53],"historical":[54],"developments,":[55],"ethics":[56],"codes,":[57],"regulations,":[58],"and":[59,73,81,99,131,180,195],"ethical":[60,80,151],"principles":[61],"pertaining":[62],"participants.":[67,120,157],"(Environmental":[68],"animal":[74],"raises":[76],"a":[77,91,132,188],"number":[78],"policy":[82],"not":[86,187],"discussed":[88,126],"here.":[89],"For":[90],"review,":[92],"see":[93],"Emanuel":[94],"et":[95],"al.":[96],"2008;":[97],"Shamoo":[98],"Resnik":[100],"2009.)":[101],"BACKGROUND":[102],"Prior":[103],"World":[105],"War":[106],"II,":[107],"there":[108,143],"were":[109,160],"no":[110],"well-recognized":[111],"international":[112],"codes":[113],"guidelines":[115],"concerning":[116],"The":[121],"American":[122],"Medical":[123],"Association":[124],"had":[125,138],"drafts":[127],"potential":[129],"guidelines,":[130],"few":[133],"countries,":[134],"such":[135,172],"as":[136,173],"Germany,":[137],"developed":[139],"rules,":[141],"but":[142],"was":[144,186],"very":[145],"little":[146],"substantive":[147],"guidance":[148],"conduct":[152],"Many":[158],"experiments":[159],"conducted":[161],"vulnerable":[163],"groups":[164],"(i.e.,":[165],"individuals":[166],"who":[167],"have":[168],"difficulty":[169],"providing":[170],"consent),":[171],"mentally":[174],"ill":[175],"people,":[176],"racial":[177],"minorities,":[178],"children,":[179],"prisoners":[181],"(Lederer":[182,205],"1995).":[183,206],"Informed":[184],"consent":[185,204],"widely":[189],"recognized":[190],"principle":[191],"medical":[193],"research,":[194],"doctors":[196],"often":[197],"experimented":[198],"their":[200,203],"patients":[201],"without":[202]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-10T09:11:00.788812","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}