{"id":"https://openalex.org/W75418632","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3045984","title":"Why Cylinder Seals? Engraved Cylindrical Seal Stones of the Ancient Near East, Fourth to First Millennium B.C.","display_name":"Why Cylinder Seals? Engraved Cylindrical Seal Stones of the Ancient Near East, Fourth to First Millennium B.C.","publication_year":1993,"publication_date":"1993-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W75418632","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3045984","mag":"75418632"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2307/3045984","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3045984","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3045984","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S173069353","display_name":"The Art Bulletin","issn_l":"0004-3079","issn":["0004-3079","1559-6478"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320307","host_organization_name":"College Art Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320307"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["College Art Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Art Bulletin","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083359306","display_name":"Edith Porada","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Edith Porada","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083359306"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":40,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.02772723,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"75","issue":"4","first_page":"563","last_page":"563"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12307","display_name":"Ancient Near East History","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12307","display_name":"Ancient Near East History","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12890","display_name":"Eurasian Exchange Networks","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12555","display_name":"Ancient Egypt and Archaeology","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cylinder-seal","display_name":"cylinder seal","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ancient-near-east","display_name":"ancient Near East","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mesopotamia","display_name":"Mesopotamia","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iran","display_name":"Iran","score":0.7070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seal-carving","display_name":"seal carving","score":0.5820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/material-culture","display_name":"material culture","score":0.7490000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ancient-philosophy","display_name":"ancient philosophy","score":0.4830000102519989}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85064482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11767","display_name":"Mesopotamia","level":2,"score":0.9252921342849731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154843443","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q139106","display_name":"Engraving","level":2,"score":0.8486368656158447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777755289","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162919","display_name":"Seal (emblem)","level":2,"score":0.6612643599510193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3651065","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7204","display_name":"Middle East","level":2,"score":0.6555429697036743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195244886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41493","display_name":"Ancient history","level":1,"score":0.6170505285263062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203311528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34132","display_name":"Cylinder","level":2,"score":0.6126048564910889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.5064526796340942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.4369352459907532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.3221951723098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.2962280213832855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.21481028199195862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.19643917679786682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0576859712600708}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2307/3045984","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3045984","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3045984","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S173069353","display_name":"The Art Bulletin","issn_l":"0004-3079","issn":["0004-3079","1559-6478"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320307","host_organization_name":"College Art Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320307"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["College Art Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Art Bulletin","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.4399999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4236686201","https://openalex.org/W2903018037","https://openalex.org/W2096179373","https://openalex.org/W2797830404","https://openalex.org/W7221237465","https://openalex.org/W4318036501","https://openalex.org/W1542846073","https://openalex.org/W7215940384","https://openalex.org/W3161449300","https://openalex.org/W2272887401"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,27],"engravings":[1],"of":[2,7,14,16,29],"cylinder":[3],"seals":[4],"reflect":[5],"much":[6],"the":[8,12,17],"material":[9],"culture":[10],"and":[11,25],"world":[13],"thought":[15],"ancient":[18],"Near":[19],"East,":[20],"chiefly":[21],"Mesopotamia":[22],"(modern":[23],"Iraq)":[24],"Iran.":[26],"type":[28],"object":[30],"was":[31],"made":[32],"from...":[33]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-09-18T07:38:42.748307","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
