{"id":"https://openalex.org/W74985929","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0098858800010443","title":"The Unending Saga of Legal Controls Over Scientific Misconduct: A Clash of Cultures Needing Resolution","display_name":"The Unending Saga of Legal Controls Over Scientific Misconduct: A Clash of Cultures Needing Resolution","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W74985929","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0098858800010443","mag":"74985929","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9702276"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/s0098858800010443","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0098858800010443","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0098858800010443","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S188395625","display_name":"American Journal of Law & Medicine","issn_l":"0098-8588","issn":["0098-8588","2375-835X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Law &amp; Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080354457","display_name":"Jesse A. Goldner","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47838141","display_name":"Saint Louis University","ror":"https://ror.org/01p7jjy08","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47838141"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jesse A. Goldner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Saint Louis University School of Law; Saint Louis University School of Medicine; 1969, Columbia University; 1971, Columbia University; 1973, Harvard Law School","1969, Columbia University","1971, Columbia University","1973, Harvard Law School","Saint Louis University School of Law","Saint Louis University School of Medicine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Saint Louis University School of Law; Saint Louis University School of Medicine; 1969, Columbia University; 1971, Columbia University; 1973, Harvard Law School","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47838141","https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"1969, Columbia University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"1971, Columbia University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"1973, Harvard Law School","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Saint Louis University School of Law","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47838141"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Saint Louis University School of Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47838141"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5080354457"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I47838141","https://openalex.org/I78577930"],"apc_list":{"value":3550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3550},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.02547693,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"2-3","first_page":"293","last_page":"343"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11492","display_name":"Academic integrity and plagiarism","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11492","display_name":"Academic integrity and plagiarism","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13275","display_name":"Medical and Health Sciences Research","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13417","display_name":"Biomedical Ethics and Regulation","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2910","display_name":"Issues, ethics and legal aspects"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/research-misconduct","display_name":"research misconduct","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/legal-regulation-of-science","display_name":"legal regulation of science","score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scientific-method","display_name":"scientific method","score":0.5809999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/legal-precision","display_name":"legal precision","score":0.38100001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scientific-evidence","display_name":"scientific evidence","score":0.3449999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/research-integrity","display_name":"research integrity","score":0.4230000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/research-regulation","display_name":"research regulation","score":0.3869999945163727}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776825360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411921","display_name":"Vagueness","level":3,"score":0.7615519762039185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781140086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q557945","display_name":"Confusion","level":2,"score":0.6147689819335938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17319257","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21189184","display_name":"Statute","level":2,"score":0.607628583908081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.6045881509780884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138268822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1051925","display_name":"Resolution (logic)","level":2,"score":0.5684417486190796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63830546","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46857","display_name":"Scientific method","level":2,"score":0.5553518533706665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.4916887879371643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95121780","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428632","display_name":"Scientific misconduct","level":3,"score":0.4869159460067749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780066029","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1211464","display_name":"Hearsay","level":2,"score":0.4198288917541504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.3816484808921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.38097846508026123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3420637845993042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2944461405277252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.10909998416900635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.10749205946922302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11171543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41630","display_name":"Psychoanalysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003469","descriptor_name":"Culture","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012109","descriptor_name":"Research Support as Topic","qualifier_ui":"Q000331","qualifier_name":"legislation & jurisprudence","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015871","descriptor_name":"Scientific Misconduct","qualifier_ui":"Q000331","qualifier_name":"legislation & jurisprudence","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1017/s0098858800010443","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0098858800010443","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0098858800010443","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S188395625","display_name":"American Journal of Law & Medicine","issn_l":"0098-8588","issn":["0098-8588","2375-835X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Law &amp; Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:9702276","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9702276","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American journal of law & medicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.library.georgetown.edu:10822/910315","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10822/910315","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402467","display_name":"DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210145449","host_organization_name":"Center for Security and Emerging Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"eweb:183721","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.6601999998092651,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W19616159","https://openalex.org/W114485753","https://openalex.org/W226352726","https://openalex.org/W1530823941","https://openalex.org/W1550665683","https://openalex.org/W1569218459","https://openalex.org/W1579605606","https://openalex.org/W1659783763","https://openalex.org/W1677546203","https://openalex.org/W1970442947","https://openalex.org/W1975772736","https://openalex.org/W1988055102","https://openalex.org/W1990941920","https://openalex.org/W1997777403","https://openalex.org/W2003730243","https://openalex.org/W2005933531","https://openalex.org/W2009424418","https://openalex.org/W2010728664","https://openalex.org/W2010925257","https://openalex.org/W2011732832","https://openalex.org/W2032393780","https://openalex.org/W2039030431","https://openalex.org/W2039627926","https://openalex.org/W2045142380","https://openalex.org/W2050855604","https://openalex.org/W2056450700","https://openalex.org/W2064108738","https://openalex.org/W2065031413","https://openalex.org/W2068517624","https://openalex.org/W2073887256","https://openalex.org/W2084757788","https://openalex.org/W2091593061","https://openalex.org/W2399768694","https://openalex.org/W2419449289","https://openalex.org/W2478173540","https://openalex.org/W2746641907","https://openalex.org/W2801802705","https://openalex.org/W2978070386","https://openalex.org/W4250498816","https://openalex.org/W4250892538","https://openalex.org/W6768241644","https://openalex.org/W7073608761"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4254626392","https://openalex.org/W2885668988","https://openalex.org/W3122106734","https://openalex.org/W4243689486","https://openalex.org/W137693093","https://openalex.org/W2903888762","https://openalex.org/W1842265830","https://openalex.org/W1984742684","https://openalex.org/W7114935888","https://openalex.org/W1530045005"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"There":[0],"are":[1],"a":[2,16,19,41,56,70,137],"remarkable":[3],"number":[4],"of":[5,32,44,55,60,69,77,88,94,112,131,139,150,159,165],"similarities":[6],"between":[7],"science":[8],"and":[9,34,53,64,72,75,103,133],"the":[10,27,47,51,58,67,73,78,91,110,129,148,151],"law.":[11],"Each":[12,116],"discipline":[13,117],"sets":[14],"as":[15,96,144],"gold":[17],"standard":[18],"search":[20],"for":[21],"precision.":[22],"For":[23],"example,":[24],"scientists":[25],"utilize":[26],"scientific":[28,48,160],"method\u2014a":[29],"specific":[30],"set":[31],"principles":[33],"procedures":[35],"designed":[36],"to":[37,108,125,134],"aid":[38],"them":[39],"in":[40,83,97],"systematic":[42],"pursuit":[43],"knowledge.":[45],"Following":[46],"method":[49,161],"involves":[50],"recognition":[52],"formulation":[54,68],"problem,":[57],"collection":[59],"data":[61],"through":[62,90],"observation":[63],"possibly":[65],"experimentation,":[66],"hypothesis":[71,79],"testing":[74],"confirmation":[76],"formulated.":[80],"The":[81],"law,":[82],"turn,":[84],"seeks":[85],"its":[86],"form":[87,138],"precision":[89],"careful":[92],"use":[93],"words,":[95],"finely":[98],"crafted":[99],"statutes":[100],"or":[101,114,121,127,162],"regulations":[102],"contractual":[104],"language":[105],"that":[106,123,141],"seek":[107],"eliminate":[109,128],"possibility":[111,130],"vagueness":[113],"confusion.":[115],"utilizes":[118],"an":[119],"approach":[120],"methodology":[122],"strives":[124],"minimize":[126],"error":[132],"arrive":[135],"at":[136],"\u201ctruth\u201d":[140],"it":[142,153],"recognizes":[143],"being":[145],"maximal":[146],"within":[147],"confines":[149],"rules":[152,158,164],"has":[154],"established,":[155],"be":[156],"they":[157],"legal":[163],"evidence.":[166]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
