{"id":"https://openalex.org/W749542017","doi":null,"title":"CENTRAL AMERICAN TRAPS: CHALLENGING THE REAGAN AGENDA","display_name":"CENTRAL AMERICAN TRAPS: CHALLENGING THE REAGAN AGENDA","publication_year":1987,"publication_date":"1987-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W749542017","mag":"749542017"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:works.swarthmore.edu:fac-poli-sci-1080","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://works.swarthmore.edu/fac-poli-sci/81","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196506","display_name":"Works - Scholarship, Research, & Creative Expression (Swarthmore College)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I118020396","host_organization_name":"Swarthmore College","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118020396"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Political Science Faculty Works","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021666659","display_name":"Morris J. Blachman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Morris J. Blachman","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005358811","display_name":"Kenneth Evan Sharpe","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kenneth Evan Sharpe","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13684","display_name":"Political Dynamics in Latin America","score":0.42899999022483826,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13684","display_name":"Political Dynamics in Latin America","score":0.42899999022483826,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13352","display_name":"International Relations in Latin America","score":0.3921000063419342,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14032","display_name":"History and International Relations","score":0.06509999930858612,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reagan-administration","display_name":"Reagan administration","score":0.722000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nicaraguan-revolution","display_name":"Sandinista revolution","score":0.6019999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/el-salvador","display_name":"El Salvador","score":0.5680000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bipartisan-consensus","display_name":"bipartisan consensus","score":0.6579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-rights","display_name":"human rights","score":0.6140000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-reform","display_name":"political reform","score":0.37700000405311584}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780765947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12033531","display_name":"Administration (probate law)","level":2,"score":0.7774219512939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777667586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8038170","display_name":"Wright","level":2,"score":0.684241533279419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46295352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207982","display_name":"Legitimacy","level":3,"score":0.6436309814453125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5940152406692505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.5883498787879944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.4983360767364502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993911189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2824573","display_name":"Reagan administration","level":3,"score":0.4744050204753876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780849931","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145277","display_name":"House of Representatives","level":3,"score":0.4444595277309418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56273599","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3122841","display_name":"White (mutation)","level":3,"score":0.4218790531158447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.39929571747779846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.33232712745666504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.26829075813293457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.12701430916786194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52119013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50637","display_name":"Art history","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:works.swarthmore.edu:fac-poli-sci-1080","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://works.swarthmore.edu/fac-poli-sci/81","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196506","display_name":"Works - Scholarship, Research, & Creative Expression (Swarthmore College)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I118020396","host_organization_name":"Swarthmore College","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118020396"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Political Science Faculty Works","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:749542017","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://works.swarthmore.edu/fac-poli-sci/81/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S71966539","display_name":"World Policy Journal","issn_l":"0740-2775","issn":["0740-2775","1936-0924"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"World Policy Journal","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.5473999977111816,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":2,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W632157315","https://openalex.org/W2798111888"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2959657025","https://openalex.org/W2917214122","https://openalex.org/W2951619312","https://openalex.org/W4233207402","https://openalex.org/W2951104509","https://openalex.org/W2949937773","https://openalex.org/W2312952141","https://openalex.org/W2504564989","https://openalex.org/W118417963","https://openalex.org/W2950594959"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,220],"developments":[1],"put":[2,172],"in":[3,10,49,112,216,244],"motion":[4],"by":[5,174,186],"the":[6,23,82,89,99,118,130,133,142,151,176,187,191,217,223],"Arias":[7],"peace":[8],"initiative":[9],"late":[11,123],"1987":[12],"seemed":[13],"to":[14,21,30,61,94,108,116,129,166,183,197,213,222,239,248],"offer":[15],"congressional":[16,201],"moderates":[17,90,155,249],"an":[18,209,228],"unmistakable":[19],"opportunity":[20],"challenge":[22],"Reagan":[24,188],"administration's":[25,224],"Central":[26,167],"America":[27],"policies.":[28],"And":[29],"many,":[31],"it":[32],"may":[33],"have":[34,106,170],"appeared":[35],"that":[36,43,103,145,154,242],"Congress":[37],"was":[38,68],"indeed":[39],"taking":[40],"advantage":[41],"of":[42,51,120,135,193,211,227,246],"opportunity.":[44],"House":[45,53],"Speaker":[46],"Jim":[47],"Wright,":[48],"defiance":[50],"White":[52],"wishes,":[54],"met":[55],"with":[56,190,234],"Nicaragua's":[57],"President":[58],"Daniel":[59],"Ortega":[60],"discuss":[62],"a":[63,73,199],"ceasefire":[64],"proposal,":[65],"and":[66,115,179,254],"there":[67],"tough":[69],"talk":[70],"about":[71],"rejecting":[72],"request":[74],"for":[75,104,162],"renewed":[76],"contra":[77,136],"aid.":[78,137],"Yet,":[79],"despite":[80],"appearances,":[81],"opportunities":[83,146],"were":[84,91,126],"actually":[85],"slipping":[86],"away.":[87],"Unwittingly,":[88],"allowing":[92],"themselves":[93],"be":[95,141,184],"trapped":[96],"into":[97],"supporting":[98],"same":[100],"unworkable":[101],"policies":[102,215],"years":[105,160],"helped":[107],"forestall":[109],"urgent":[110],"reform":[111],"El":[113],"Salvador":[114],"promote":[117],"destabilization":[119],"Nicaragua.":[121],"By":[122],"December,":[124],"they":[125],"yielding":[127],"again":[128],"administration":[131,189],"on":[132],"question":[134],"It":[138],"would":[139],"not":[140],"first":[143,152],"time":[144,153],"had":[147,156],"been":[148,157,171,238],"missed,":[149],"nor":[150],"trapped.":[158],"For":[159],"proposals":[161],"negotiated,":[163],"political":[164],"solutions":[165],"America's":[168],"problems":[169],"forward":[173],"Congress,":[175],"Catholic":[177],"Church,":[178],"regional":[180],"powers,":[181],"only":[182],"undermined":[185],"support":[192],"just":[194],"enough":[195],"Democrats":[196],"fashion":[198],"pro-administration":[200],"majority.1":[202],"This":[203],"bipartisan":[204],"consensus":[205],"has":[206,237],"also":[207],"lent":[208],"air":[210],"legitimacy":[212],"these":[214],"public's":[218],"mind.":[219],"secret":[221],"successful":[225],"pursuit":[226],"agenda":[229,243],"so":[230],"seemingly":[231],"at":[232],"odds":[233],"moderates'":[235],"objectives":[236],"dress":[240],"up":[241],"symbols":[245],"value":[247],"(such":[250],"as":[251],"human":[252],"rights":[253],"democ":[255]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
