{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7493141","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3182/20140824-6-za-1003.01642","title":"Active surface area approximation in a lead-acid cell for optimal performance in renewable energy systems","display_name":"Active surface area approximation in a lead-acid cell for optimal performance in renewable energy systems","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7493141","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3182/20140824-6-za-1003.01642","mag":"7493141"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3182/20140824-6-za-1003.01642","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3182/20140824-6-za-1003.01642","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3182/20140824-6-za-1003.01642","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2898246533","display_name":"IFAC Proceedings Volumes","issn_l":"1474-6670","issn":["1474-6670","2589-3653"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IFAC Proceedings Volumes","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069567206","display_name":"A. Janse van Rensburg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2973-6698","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2973-6698"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27765905","display_name":"North-West University","ror":"https://ror.org/010f1sq29","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27765905"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Angelique Janse van Rensburg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Unit for Energy Systems, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Unit for Energy Systems, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27765905"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082361133","display_name":"George van Schoor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5702-1812","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5702-1812"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27765905","display_name":"North-West University","ror":"https://ror.org/010f1sq29","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27765905"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"George van Schoor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Unit for Energy Systems, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Unit for Energy Systems, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27765905"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000344884","display_name":"Pieter Andries van Vuuren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1870-6709","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1870-6709"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27765905","display_name":"North-West University","ror":"https://ror.org/010f1sq29","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27765905"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pieter A. van Vuuren","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27765905"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5000344884","https://openalex.org/A5069567206","https://openalex.org/A5082361133"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27765905"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"47","issue":"3","first_page":"9450","last_page":"9455"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Battery Modeling and Management","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Battery Modeling and Management","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10018","display_name":"Advancements in Battery Materials","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14444","display_name":"Power Systems and Renewable Energy","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2102","display_name":"Energy Engineering and Power Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lead-acid-batteries","display_name":"lead-acid batteries","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery-discharge","display_name":"battery discharge","score":0.5070000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-of-charge","display_name":"state of charge","score":0.6399999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/porosity","display_name":"porosity","score":0.7009999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remaining-capacity-estimation","display_name":"remaining capacity estimation","score":0.671999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery-management-systems","display_name":"battery management systems","score":0.800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-discharge","display_name":"deep discharge","score":0.5189999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/charge-controller","display_name":"charge controller","score":0.5820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery-state-of-health","display_name":"battery state of health","score":0.5289999842643738}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50292345","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q337724","display_name":"Lead\u2013acid battery","level":4,"score":0.8827869892120361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776582896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5368536","display_name":"State of charge","level":4,"score":0.7454939484596252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555008776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267298","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","level":3,"score":0.6563365459442139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.6052662134170532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.5481005311012268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.5136393904685974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4846668541431427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777093003","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6508345","display_name":"Lead (geology)","level":2,"score":0.46813830733299255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.43683671951293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.4059971570968628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.38911890983581543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3623775839805603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.3382841944694519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.30288904905319214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.29313981533050537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.21036744117736816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.18501532077789307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.1728649139404297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.11302244663238525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.11209109425544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.10357847809791565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3182/20140824-6-za-1003.01642","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3182/20140824-6-za-1003.01642","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3182/20140824-6-za-1003.01642","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2898246533","display_name":"IFAC Proceedings Volumes","issn_l":"1474-6670","issn":["1474-6670","2589-3653"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IFAC Proceedings Volumes","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.nwu.ac.za:10394/16897","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10394/16897","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402268","display_name":"Boloka Institutional Repository (North-west University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","host_organization_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Presentation"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.nwu.ac.za:10394/16897","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10394/16897","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402268","display_name":"Boloka Institutional Repository (North-west University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","host_organization_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Presentation"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9853000044822693,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W169354537","https://openalex.org/W1505094508","https://openalex.org/W1574868771","https://openalex.org/W1804630517","https://openalex.org/W1918805411","https://openalex.org/W1965220542","https://openalex.org/W1973308766","https://openalex.org/W1986250485","https://openalex.org/W2033541976","https://openalex.org/W2041780885","https://openalex.org/W2052590278","https://openalex.org/W2065340497","https://openalex.org/W2081662378","https://openalex.org/W2092950713","https://openalex.org/W2125765531","https://openalex.org/W2131933043","https://openalex.org/W2143097097","https://openalex.org/W2146750139","https://openalex.org/W2152678612","https://openalex.org/W2283316462","https://openalex.org/W3022040063"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1511953492","https://openalex.org/W1804630517","https://openalex.org/W2071435211","https://openalex.org/W4409915031","https://openalex.org/W3014322519","https://openalex.org/W2466058397","https://openalex.org/W2054235687","https://openalex.org/W1976246848","https://openalex.org/W2093606399","https://openalex.org/W1989280704"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
