{"id":"https://openalex.org/W746609552","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4038/jrrisl.v91i0.1853","title":"Constraints in sustainable smallholder rubber farming in the Moneragala district","display_name":"Constraints in sustainable smallholder rubber farming in the Moneragala district","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-12-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W746609552","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4038/jrrisl.v91i0.1853","mag":"746609552"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4038/jrrisl.v91i0.1853","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4038/jrrisl.v91i0.1853","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4038/jrrisl.v91i0.1853","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226433","display_name":"Journal of the Rubber Research Institute of Sri Lanka","issn_l":"2550-2972","issn":["2550-2972"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319326","host_organization_name":"University of Colombo","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319326"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Colombo"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the Rubber Research Institute of Sri Lanka","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.4038/jrrisl.v91i0.1853","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069920754","display_name":"Wasana Wijesuriya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3321-588X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3321-588X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161904","display_name":"Rubber Research Institute of Sri Lanka","ror":"https://ror.org/059kt3178","country_code":"LK","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210161904"]}],"countries":["LK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wasana Wijesuriya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rubber Research Institute of Sri Lanka, Dartonfield, Agalawatta"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rubber Research Institute of Sri Lanka, Dartonfield, Agalawatta","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161904"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087782395","display_name":"Dmpp Dissanayake","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161904","display_name":"Rubber Research Institute of Sri Lanka","ror":"https://ror.org/059kt3178","country_code":"LK","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210161904"]}],"countries":["LK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. M. A. P. Disssanayake","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rubber Research Institute of Sri Lanka, Dartonfield, Agalawatta"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rubber Research Institute of Sri Lanka, Dartonfield, Agalawatta","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161904"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108829230","display_name":"H. M. L. K. Herath","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I175606534","display_name":"Wayamba University of Sri Lanka","ror":"https://ror.org/043yykt67","country_code":"LK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175606534"]}],"countries":["LK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. M. L. K. Herath","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wayamba University of Sri Lanka, Makandura, Gonawila (NWP)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wayamba University of Sri Lanka, Makandura, Gonawila (NWP)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175606534"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091256613","display_name":"P. K. K. S. Gunaratne","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161904","display_name":"Rubber Research Institute of Sri Lanka","ror":"https://ror.org/059kt3178","country_code":"LK","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210161904"]}],"countries":["LK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. K. K. S. Gunaratne","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rubber Research Institute of Sri Lanka, Dartonfield, Agalawatta"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rubber Research Institute of Sri Lanka, Dartonfield, Agalawatta","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161904"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1911,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8412804,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"91","issue":"0","first_page":"61","last_page":"61"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10367","display_name":"Agricultural Innovations and Practices","score":0.9092000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1100","display_name":"General Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10367","display_name":"Agricultural Innovations and Practices","score":0.9092000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1100","display_name":"General Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13478","display_name":"Agricultural Development and Management","score":0.04540000110864639,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1100","display_name":"General Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13508","display_name":"Agricultural Economics and Practices","score":0.01940000057220459,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1100","display_name":"General Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rubber-cultivation","display_name":"rubber cultivation","score":0.8309999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socioeconomic-constraints","display_name":"socio-economic constraints","score":0.6190000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/farmer-awareness","display_name":"farmer awareness","score":0.6880000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technical-guidelines","display_name":"technical guidelines","score":0.460999995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/production-efficiency","display_name":"production efficiency","score":0.7009999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stochastic-frontier-analysis","display_name":"stochastic frontier analysis","score":0.7710000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-attainment","display_name":"educational attainment","score":0.4740000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/income-constraints","display_name":"income constraints","score":0.45899999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainable-agriculture","display_name":"sustainable agriculture","score":0.48500001430511475}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.7347366809844971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176933379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131877","display_name":"Natural rubber","level":2,"score":0.7096516489982605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5768320560455322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54924851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2751054","display_name":"Sustainable agriculture","level":3,"score":0.5546987056732178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54286561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q397350","display_name":"Agroforestry","level":1,"score":0.4205368459224701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48824518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q396340","display_name":"Agricultural economics","level":1,"score":0.3861753046512604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37621935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3606845","display_name":"Agricultural science","level":1,"score":0.3718055486679077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2527853846549988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2268480360507965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.22445660829544067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4038/jrrisl.v91i0.1853","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4038/jrrisl.v91i0.1853","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4038/jrrisl.v91i0.1853","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226433","display_name":"Journal of the Rubber Research Institute of Sri Lanka","issn_l":"2550-2972","issn":["2550-2972"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319326","host_organization_name":"University of Colombo","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319326"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Colombo"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the Rubber Research Institute of Sri Lanka","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.4038/jrrisl.v91i0.1853","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4038/jrrisl.v91i0.1853","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4038/jrrisl.v91i0.1853","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226433","display_name":"Journal of the Rubber Research Institute of Sri Lanka","issn_l":"2550-2972","issn":["2550-2972"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319326","host_organization_name":"University of Colombo","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319326"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Colombo"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the Rubber Research Institute of Sri Lanka","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.8409000039100647,"display_name":"Zero hunger"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.6452000141143799,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.5378999710083008,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","score":0.41670000553131104,"display_name":"No poverty"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W216753059","https://openalex.org/W1983447750","https://openalex.org/W2039326074","https://openalex.org/W2067056368","https://openalex.org/W2137929087"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4384131776","https://openalex.org/W3206164576","https://openalex.org/W4285104109","https://openalex.org/W4372183294","https://openalex.org/W2748577449","https://openalex.org/W828023321","https://openalex.org/W7221237879","https://openalex.org/W7203750571","https://openalex.org/W3210452529","https://openalex.org/W4223920607"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1,39,51],"was":[2,52,74,129,201,213,279,283,299,307],"focused":[3],"on":[4,118,190,209,227],"the":[5,12,15,47,55,87,116,140,158,184,218,263,276,286,293],"Moneragala":[6],"district":[7],"which":[8,35,200],"is":[9,25],"one":[10],"of":[11,29,43,49,58,68,90,121,126,139,160,165,171,186,236,249],"districts":[13],"in":[14,32,61,86,156,192,275,292],"Uva":[16],"Province.":[17],"Rubber":[18],"cultivation,":[19],"being":[20],"a":[21,26,37,132,154,168,181,204],"new":[22],"initiative":[23],"there":[24],"high":[27,268],"risk":[28],"resource":[30],"wastage":[31],"these":[33],"areas":[34],"necessitated":[36],"detail":[38],"for":[40,183,221],"proper":[41],"planning":[42],"this":[44,50,62],"exercise.":[45],"Hence,":[46,147],"objective":[48],"to":[53,76,95,114,150,198,243],"assess":[54,115],"existing":[56],"status":[57],"rubber":[59,69,97,107,127,161,238],"cultivation":[60],"area":[63],"together":[64],"with":[65,167,245,253,285],"socio-economic":[66],"conditions":[67],"farmers.":[70,162],"A":[71],"questionnaire":[72],"survey":[73],"done":[75,113],"collect":[77],"relevant":[78],"information":[79],"from":[80,196,241],"255,":[81],"248":[82],"and":[83,100,105,224],"143":[84],"respondents":[85],"respective":[88],"categories":[89],"farmers":[91,128,141,166],"who":[92,102,261],"are":[93],"prepared":[94],"cultivate":[96],"(potential":[98],"farmers)":[99],"those":[101],"own":[103],"immature":[104,193],"mature":[106,237],"plantations.":[108],"Participatory":[109],"studies":[110],"were":[111,229,304],"also":[112,177,214],"awareness":[117,159,208,219],"technical":[119,124,225],"recommendations":[120,191],"rubber.":[122],"The":[123,207,232,251,271,289],"efficiency":[125,234,258,269,273,291],"studied":[130],"employing":[131],"stochastic":[133],"frontier":[134],"approach.":[135],"More":[136],"than":[137,173],"50%":[138],"had":[142,267],"only":[143,308],"primary":[144],"level":[145],"education.":[146],"education":[148],"needs":[149],"be":[151,178],"considered":[152],"as":[153,180],"constraint":[155],"improving":[157],"Higher":[163],"percentage":[164],"monthly":[169],"income":[170],"less":[172],"Rs.":[174],"10,000":[175],"should":[176],"regarded":[179],"bottleneck":[182],"adoption":[185],"recommended":[187,264],"technologies.":[188],"Awareness":[189],"phase":[194],"ranged":[195,240],"19%":[197],"55%":[199],"not":[202,215],"at":[203],"satisfactory":[205],"level.":[206],"tapping":[210,228,265],"related":[211],"activities":[212],"adequate":[216],"since":[217],"scores":[220],"both":[222],"general":[223],"knowledge":[226],"below":[230],"40%.":[231],"production":[233],"levels":[235],"lands":[239,252,294],"17%":[242],"96%,":[244],"an":[246],"average":[247,272,290],"value":[248],"59%.":[250],"smaller":[254],"extent":[255],"have":[256],"lower":[257],"levels.":[259,270],"Those":[260],"practice":[262],"intensity":[266],"observed":[274],"virgin":[277],"panel":[278],"62%":[280],"while":[281,301],"it":[282,306],"52%":[284],"renewed":[287],"panels.":[288],"tapped":[295],"by":[296],"owners":[297],"themselves":[298],"61%":[300],"when":[302],"tappers":[303],"hired":[305],"55%.":[309]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}