{"id":"https://openalex.org/W746585573","doi":null,"title":"Effects of Metabolic Risk Factors and Type 1 Diabetes on Brain Glucose and Brain Metabolites","display_name":"Effects of Metabolic Risk Factors and Type 1 Diabetes on Brain Glucose and Brain Metabolites","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-10-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W746585573","mag":"746585573"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:helda.helsinki.fi:10138/22925","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10138/22925","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10138/22925","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210213322","display_name":"Ty\u00f6v\u00e4entutkimus Vuosikirja","issn_l":"0784-1272","issn":["0784-1272","1459-7780"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["ddh","jufo-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"doctoralThesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10138/22925","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077149681","display_name":"Outi Heikkil\u00e4","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Outi Heikkil\u00e4","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5077149681"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10378","display_name":"Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications","score":0.9477999806404114,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10378","display_name":"Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications","score":0.9477999806404114,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10836","display_name":"Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies","score":0.027000000700354576,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10560","display_name":"Diabetes Management and Research","score":0.007699999958276749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-1-diabetes","display_name":"type 1 diabetes","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metabolic-syndrome","display_name":"metabolic syndrome","score":0.9470000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiovascular-risk-factors","display_name":"cardiovascular risk factors","score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain-glucose","display_name":"brain glucose","score":0.8640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain-metabolites","display_name":"brain metabolites","score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperglycemia","display_name":"hyperglycemia","score":0.843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insulin-resistance","display_name":"insulin resistance","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/n-acetylaspartate","display_name":"N-acetylaspartate","score":0.9480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/myo-inositol","display_name":"myo-inositol","score":0.9179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/total-creatine","display_name":"total creatine","score":0.8169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/choline","display_name":"choline","score":0.7390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/white-matter","display_name":"white matter","score":0.7409999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thalamus","display_name":"thalamus","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cerebellar-white-matter","display_name":"cerebellar white matter","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frontal-cortex","display_name":"frontal cortex","score":0.574999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/1h-nmr-spectroscopy","display_name":"1H NMR","score":0.7789999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-decline","display_name":"cognitive decline","score":0.45500001311302185}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777180221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3025883","display_name":"Type 2 diabetes","level":3,"score":0.6027648448944092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.5115614533424377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.41939181089401245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.33418741822242737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.3221837282180786}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:helda.helsinki.fi:10138/22925","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10138/22925","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10138/22925","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210213322","display_name":"Ty\u00f6v\u00e4entutkimus Vuosikirja","issn_l":"0784-1272","issn":["0784-1272","1459-7780"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["ddh","jufo-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"doctoralThesis"},{"id":"mag:746585573","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://helda.helsinki.fi/bitstream/handle/10138/22925/effectso.pdf?sequence=2","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:helda.helsinki.fi:10138/22925","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10138/22925","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10138/22925","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210213322","display_name":"Ty\u00f6v\u00e4entutkimus Vuosikirja","issn_l":"0784-1272","issn":["0784-1272","1459-7780"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["ddh","jufo-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"doctoralThesis"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311794","display_name":"Wilhelm och Else Stockmanns Stiftelse","ror":"https://ror.org/02e6tmy71"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311816","display_name":"Finska L\u00e4kares\u00e4llskapet","ror":"https://ror.org/04vbzm272"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316024","display_name":"Folkh\u00e4lsanin Tutkimuss\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6","ror":"https://ror.org/01xjctg43"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322905","display_name":"Samfundet Folkh\u00e4lsan","ror":"https://ror.org/05xznzw56"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329298","display_name":"Waldemar von Frenckells Stiftelse","ror":"https://ror.org/030yben02"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W746585573.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W746585573.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":338,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W7312398","https://openalex.org/W134768974","https://openalex.org/W193412514","https://openalex.org/W252985557","https://openalex.org/W334104859","https://openalex.org/W617327526","https://openalex.org/W959660726","https://openalex.org/W984314352","https://openalex.org/W1486012879","https://openalex.org/W1486439655","https://openalex.org/W1501069255","https://openalex.org/W1508041922","https://openalex.org/W1516287715","https://openalex.org/W1520589624","https://openalex.org/W1521108077","https://openalex.org/W1524305582","https://openalex.org/W1552103637","https://openalex.org/W1560375254","https://openalex.org/W1561443084","https://openalex.org/W1572014162","https://openalex.org/W1586331680","https://openalex.org/W1759490885","https://openalex.org/W1782741946","https://openalex.org/W1849159432","https://openalex.org/W1908031530","https://openalex.org/W1919291000","https://openalex.org/W1922984638","https://openalex.org/W1934458349","https://openalex.org/W1946033027","https://openalex.org/W1961916049","https://openalex.org/W1964050087","https://openalex.org/W1964532167","https://openalex.org/W1965801493","https://openalex.org/W1967064176","https://openalex.org/W1967708672","https://openalex.org/W1968471282","https://openalex.org/W1969551752","https://openalex.org/W1969658718","https://openalex.org/W1969889278","https://openalex.org/W1970331216","https://openalex.org/W1970959659","https://openalex.org/W1971082120","https://openalex.org/W1971098012","https://openalex.org/W1971291998","https://openalex.org/W1971548649","https://openalex.org/W1972498396","https://openalex.org/W1972527308","https://openalex.org/W1975429277","https://openalex.org/W1975433158","https://openalex.org/W1976043186","https://openalex.org/W1976313368","https://openalex.org/W1976380907","https://openalex.org/W1976959012","https://openalex.org/W1979690681","https://openalex.org/W1981437476","https://openalex.org/W1983718136","https://openalex.org/W1983957572","https://openalex.org/W1984167936","https://openalex.org/W1984294537","https://openalex.org/W1984763197","https://openalex.org/W1985019825","https://openalex.org/W1985028019","https://openalex.org/W1985651276","https://openalex.org/W1985944040","https://openalex.org/W1986349550","https://openalex.org/W1986967982","https://openalex.org/W1987390815","https://openalex.org/W1987460715","https://openalex.org/W1989346642","https://openalex.org/W1992010463","https://openalex.org/W1992403885","https://openalex.org/W1992431456","https://openalex.org/W1992458693","https://openalex.org/W1992998861","https://openalex.org/W1995491925","https://openalex.org/W1997494318","https://openalex.org/W1997579163","https://openalex.org/W1998087598","https://openalex.org/W1998660987","https://openalex.org/W1998927910","https://openalex.org/W2000061885","https://openalex.org/W2000839562","https://openalex.org/W2000956051","https://openalex.org/W2002310136","https://openalex.org/W2004056002","https://openalex.org/W2005014583","https://openalex.org/W2005176833","https://openalex.org/W2006192898","https://openalex.org/W2006739494","https://openalex.org/W2006909408","https://openalex.org/W2009088633","https://openalex.org/W2009214559","https://openalex.org/W2009631426","https://openalex.org/W2010585911","https://openalex.org/W2012766222","https://openalex.org/W2013639086","https://openalex.org/W2013952491","https://openalex.org/W2014167977","https://openalex.org/W2014561302","https://openalex.org/W2014920745","https://openalex.org/W2015838103","https://openalex.org/W2018007042","https://openalex.org/W2019025806","https://openalex.org/W2020299418","https://openalex.org/W2020683009","https://openalex.org/W2022061443","https://openalex.org/W2022164261","https://openalex.org/W2023630108","https://openalex.org/W2024819728","https://openalex.org/W2026283383","https://openalex.org/W2026671178","https://openalex.org/W2027987672","https://openalex.org/W2029256625","https://openalex.org/W2029793355","https://openalex.org/W2031306217","https://openalex.org/W2031656194","https://openalex.org/W2031934010","https://openalex.org/W2032128993","https://openalex.org/W2033017600","https://openalex.org/W2033453118","https://openalex.org/W2034450178","https://openalex.org/W2034591666","https://openalex.org/W2035183926","https://openalex.org/W2035507194","https://openalex.org/W2035924985","https://openalex.org/W2036074343","https://openalex.org/W2036284058","https://openalex.org/W2037533597","https://openalex.org/W2038066118","https://openalex.org/W2039429538","https://openalex.org/W2039438986","https://openalex.org/W2039582346","https://openalex.org/W2040000727","https://openalex.org/W2040545929","https://openalex.org/W2040589147","https://openalex.org/W2041237321","https://openalex.org/W2041391173","https://openalex.org/W2042840394","https://openalex.org/W2043314401","https://openalex.org/W2043465948","https://openalex.org/W2044437167","https://openalex.org/W2045213476","https://openalex.org/W2045421166","https://openalex.org/W2045666817","https://openalex.org/W2046433337","https://openalex.org/W2046522563","https://openalex.org/W2046600691","https://openalex.org/W2048507870","https://openalex.org/W2050252142","https://openalex.org/W2052150227","https://openalex.org/W2054144506","https://openalex.org/W2055954667","https://openalex.org/W2056030232","https://openalex.org/W2056367355","https://openalex.org/W2057609320","https://openalex.org/W2057758413","https://openalex.org/W2058027749","https://openalex.org/W2058899335","https://openalex.org/W2059048933","https://openalex.org/W2059192721","https://openalex.org/W2059950424","https://openalex.org/W2061231515","https://openalex.org/W2064363886","https://openalex.org/W2064869376","https://openalex.org/W2065765774","https://openalex.org/W2067115758","https://openalex.org/W2067192303","https://openalex.org/W2067957607","https://openalex.org/W2068358741","https://openalex.org/W2068824840","https://openalex.org/W2068994310","https://openalex.org/W2069336705","https://openalex.org/W2069351074","https://openalex.org/W2069550725","https://openalex.org/W2069678189","https://openalex.org/W2071811706","https://openalex.org/W2072985278","https://openalex.org/W2073008966","https://openalex.org/W2074018621","https://openalex.org/W2074323644","https://openalex.org/W2074858919","https://openalex.org/W2075379008","https://openalex.org/W2076044700","https://openalex.org/W2076517751","https://openalex.org/W2078170139","https://openalex.org/W2078796959","https://openalex.org/W2079606432","https://openalex.org/W2080165775","https://openalex.org/W2081174960","https://openalex.org/W2084569379","https://openalex.org/W2085235290","https://openalex.org/W2088262785","https://openalex.org/W2088396659","https://openalex.org/W2089766043","https://openalex.org/W2090181604","https://openalex.org/W2090602705","https://openalex.org/W2090701886","https://openalex.org/W2090742663","https://openalex.org/W2090777632","https://openalex.org/W2091847351","https://openalex.org/W2092635505","https://openalex.org/W2092980628","https://openalex.org/W2093219766","https://openalex.org/W2093311159","https://openalex.org/W2093537228","https://openalex.org/W2093624321","https://openalex.org/W2094784513","https://openalex.org/W2094855663","https://openalex.org/W2094962458","https://openalex.org/W2095183693","https://openalex.org/W2095407321","https://openalex.org/W2095629702","https://openalex.org/W2095681824","https://openalex.org/W2096773810","https://openalex.org/W2097532316","https://openalex.org/W2097599726","https://openalex.org/W2099386456","https://openalex.org/W2099951507","https://openalex.org/W2100809123","https://openalex.org/W2101800098","https://openalex.org/W2102118295","https://openalex.org/W2102405898","https://openalex.org/W2102528806","https://openalex.org/W2102704045","https://openalex.org/W2103714496","https://openalex.org/W2104020340","https://openalex.org/W2105502159","https://openalex.org/W2106080976","https://openalex.org/W2106378688","https://openalex.org/W2106592271","https://openalex.org/W2106770703","https://openalex.org/W2107884508","https://openalex.org/W2110092775","https://openalex.org/W2111015014","https://openalex.org/W2111185373","https://openalex.org/W2111421981","https://openalex.org/W2112118549","https://openalex.org/W2113054573","https://openalex.org/W2114067590","https://openalex.org/W2115520952","https://openalex.org/W2115674713","https://openalex.org/W2116404316","https://openalex.org/W2119021669","https://openalex.org/W2119240120","https://openalex.org/W2119428943","https://openalex.org/W2120683729","https://openalex.org/W2120719619","https://openalex.org/W2121584527","https://openalex.org/W2123069401","https://openalex.org/W2123457140","https://openalex.org/W2123867171","https://openalex.org/W2124508932","https://openalex.org/W2124620553","https://openalex.org/W2125217186","https://openalex.org/W2125449786","https://openalex.org/W2126093093","https://openalex.org/W2126817185","https://openalex.org/W2126928922","https://openalex.org/W2127006793","https://openalex.org/W2127619125","https://openalex.org/W2129182280","https://openalex.org/W2129244743","https://openalex.org/W2129648879","https://openalex.org/W2130190937","https://openalex.org/W2130693276","https://openalex.org/W2130717716","https://openalex.org/W2131078911","https://openalex.org/W2131179613","https://openalex.org/W2131363230","https://openalex.org/W2131390457","https://openalex.org/W2131702396","https://openalex.org/W2133188899","https://openalex.org/W2136944400","https://openalex.org/W2137404207","https://openalex.org/W2137466170","https://openalex.org/W2137898985","https://openalex.org/W2138385400","https://openalex.org/W2139503383","https://openalex.org/W2140075426","https://openalex.org/W2141335918","https://openalex.org/W2141466818","https://openalex.org/W2143104968","https://openalex.org/W2144021121","https://openalex.org/W2144863335","https://openalex.org/W2144867092","https://openalex.org/W2145562665","https://openalex.org/W2145935162","https://openalex.org/W2146533847","https://openalex.org/W2147564958","https://openalex.org/W2147700532","https://openalex.org/W2147869695","https://openalex.org/W2148105857","https://openalex.org/W2148206385","https://openalex.org/W2148611607","https://openalex.org/W2148974160","https://openalex.org/W2149418619","https://openalex.org/W2149830114","https://openalex.org/W2151431366","https://openalex.org/W2153594538","https://openalex.org/W2153712580","https://openalex.org/W2154164650","https://openalex.org/W2154680465","https://openalex.org/W2155044939","https://openalex.org/W2155483535","https://openalex.org/W2158894504","https://openalex.org/W2158937554","https://openalex.org/W2160482986","https://openalex.org/W2161474241","https://openalex.org/W2162012210","https://openalex.org/W2162055998","https://openalex.org/W2163160284","https://openalex.org/W2164133219","https://openalex.org/W2164398286","https://openalex.org/W2166325251","https://openalex.org/W2166731508","https://openalex.org/W2166961959","https://openalex.org/W2167415409","https://openalex.org/W2167585986","https://openalex.org/W2168588540","https://openalex.org/W2170172094","https://openalex.org/W2170725206","https://openalex.org/W2171928025","https://openalex.org/W2171951607","https://openalex.org/W2182674422","https://openalex.org/W2221333736","https://openalex.org/W2227363449","https://openalex.org/W2330807026","https://openalex.org/W2332951586","https://openalex.org/W2335620830","https://openalex.org/W2340885285","https://openalex.org/W2399123663","https://openalex.org/W2411645407","https://openalex.org/W2435384192","https://openalex.org/W2442663778","https://openalex.org/W2769264260","https://openalex.org/W2786697443","https://openalex.org/W4249825849","https://openalex.org/W4297162325"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2085092225","https://openalex.org/W2024016510","https://openalex.org/W4411294632","https://openalex.org/W7160920460","https://openalex.org/W2054587013","https://openalex.org/W4400747888","https://openalex.org/W2079487504","https://openalex.org/W2153120203","https://openalex.org/W3046783905","https://openalex.org/W4387375003"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,200,224,475,511],"metabolic":[1,282,373],"syndrome":[2],"and":[3,19,43,53,97,131,151,166,172,267,353,371,411],"type":[4,57,107,401],"1":[5,58,108,402],"diabetes":[6,59,109,112,403],"are":[7,384],"associated":[8,463],"with":[9,48,56,90,106,120,136,196,251,263,314,400,464],"brain":[10,16,41,72,191,291,369,374,407,428,509],"alterations":[11,331,375,465],"such":[12],"as":[13,424,426,494,497],"cognitive":[14],"decline":[15],"infarctions,":[17],"atrophy,":[18],"white":[20,148,154,326,343,442,477],"matter":[21,327,344,478],"lesions.":[22],"Despite":[23],"the":[24,67,70,190,214,246,257,273,281,301,307,325,329,334,339,342,372,391,398,441,448,473,483,488,498,508,518,524],"importance":[25],"of":[26,69,86,93,111,242,280,347,438,520],"these":[27],"alterations,":[28],"their":[29],"pathomechanism":[30],"is":[31,361,523],"still":[32],"poorly":[33],"understood.":[34],"This":[35],"study":[36],"was":[37,158,350],"conducted":[38],"to":[39,62,78,102,338,436,517],"investigate":[40],"glucose":[42,182,192,198,211,222,231,253,266,270,275,303,320,395,429,439,460,467,496,505],"metabolites":[44],"in":[45,54,60,141,152,167,220,256,272,300,306,312,324,393,397,418,440,458,466,470,472],"healthy":[46],"individuals":[47],"an":[49,91],"increased":[50,180,239],"cardiovascular":[51,94,201],"risk":[52,95,202,225,258,365],"patients":[55,399],"order":[61],"discover":[63],"more":[64,515],"information":[65],"on":[66,406],"nature":[68],"known":[71],"alterations.":[73],"We":[74],"studied":[75],"43":[76],"20-":[77],"45-year-old":[79],"men.":[80,122],"Study":[81],"I":[82],"compared":[83,104],"two":[84],"groups":[85],"non-diabetic":[87,121,188,308,489],"men,":[88,189],"one":[89],"accumulation":[92,437],"factors":[96,279],"another":[98],"without.":[99],"Studies":[100],"II":[101],"IV":[103],"men":[105,490],"(duration":[110],"6.7":[113],"\u00b1":[114],"5.2":[115],"years,":[116],"no":[117,218],"microvascular":[118,382],"complications)":[119],"Brain":[123],"glucose,":[124],"N-acetylaspartate":[125],"(NAA),":[126],"total":[127],"creatine":[128],"(tCr),":[129],"choline,":[130],"myo-inositol":[132],"(mI)":[133],"were":[134,332],"quantified":[135],"proton":[137],"magnetic":[138],"resonance":[139],"spectroscopy":[140],"three":[142],"cerebral":[143,302,394,484],"regions:":[144],"frontal":[145,147],"cortex,":[146],"matter,":[149,443],"thalamus,":[150],"cerebellar":[153,476],"matter.":[155,450],"Data":[156],"collection":[157],"performed":[159],"for":[160,367],"all":[161],"participants":[162],"during":[163,175],"fasting":[164,264,294],"glycemia":[165,295],"a":[168,176,207,363,419],"subgroup":[169],"(Studies":[170],"III":[171],"IV),":[173],"also":[174,236,333,453],"hyperglycemic":[177,416],"clamp":[178],"that":[179,455],"plasma":[181,197,210,265,269],"concentration":[183,193,212,271],"by":[184],"12":[185],"mmol/l.":[186,413],"In":[187,245,316,487],"correlated":[194,250,261],"linearly":[195],"concentration.":[199,430],"group":[203,226],"(Study":[204,296,389,485],"I)":[205],"had":[206,228,237,321,434,501],"13%":[208],"higher":[209],"than":[213,233,522],"control":[215,247],"group,":[216,248,259],"but":[217,255,310],"difference":[219],"thalamic":[221,230,252],"content.":[223],"thus":[227,289],"lower":[229,352],"content":[232,396,506],"expected.":[234],"They":[235],"17%":[238],"tCr":[240,249,260],"(marker":[241,346],"oxidative":[243],"metabolism).":[244],"content,":[254],"instead":[262],"2-h":[268],"oral":[274],"tolerance":[276],"test.":[277],"Risk":[278],"syndrome,":[283],"most":[284,335],"importantly":[285],"insulin":[286],"resistance,":[287],"may":[288,376,422,461],"influence":[290],"metabolism.":[292],"During":[293,386],"II),":[297],"regional":[298],"variation":[299],"levels":[304],"appeared":[305,479],"subjects":[309],"not":[311],"those":[313],"diabetes.":[315],"diabetic":[317,368,420],"patients,":[318],"excess":[319],"accumulated":[322],"predominantly":[323,447],"where":[328],"metabolite":[330],"pronounced.":[336],"Compared":[337],"controls":[340],"values,":[341],"NAA":[345],"neuronal":[348],"metabolism)":[349],"6%":[351],"mI":[354],"(glia":[355],"cell":[356],"marker)":[357],"20%":[358],"higher.":[359],"Hyperglycemia":[360],"therefore":[362,423,514],"potent":[364],"factor":[366],"disease":[370],"appear":[377],"even":[378],"before":[379],"any":[380],"peripheral":[381],"complications":[383],"detectable.":[385],"acute":[387,444],"hyperglycemia":[388,433,445,452,521],"III),":[390],"increase":[392],"was,":[404],"dependent":[405],"region,":[408],"between":[409],"1.1":[410],"2.0":[412],"An":[414],"every-day":[415],"episode":[417],"patient":[421],"much":[425,495],"double":[427],"While":[431],"chronic":[432,456],"led":[435],"burdened":[446],"gray":[449],"Acute":[451],"revealed":[454],"fluctuation":[457],"blood":[459],"be":[462],"uptake":[468],"or":[469],"metabolism":[471],"thalamus.":[474],"very":[480],"differently":[481],"from":[482],"IV).":[486],"it":[491],"contained":[492],"twice":[493],"cerebrum.":[499,525],"Diabetes":[500],"altered":[502],"neither":[503],"its":[504],"nor":[507],"metabolites.":[510],"cerebellum":[512],"seems":[513],"resistant":[516],"effects":[519]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}