{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7421663","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2172/4752202","title":"RADIATION EFFECTS IN CARBONS AND GRAPHITES","display_name":"RADIATION EFFECTS IN CARBONS AND GRAPHITES","publication_year":1962,"publication_date":"1962-03-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7421663","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2172/4752202","mag":"7421663"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2172/4752202","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2172/4752202","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2172/4752202","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Hanford Site (HNF)","raw_type":"report"},"volume":null,"type":"report","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/4752202","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"H H Yoshikawa","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H H Yoshikawa","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108850397","display_name":"E.M. Woodruff","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8695-1223","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8695-1223"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E M Woodruff","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"J M Davidson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J M Davidson","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053139569","display_name":"J.W. Helm","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8440-8593","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8440-8593"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J W Helm","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042599952","display_name":"R.E. Nightingale","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R E Nightingale","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13465","display_name":"Graphite, nuclear technology, radiation studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13465","display_name":"Graphite, nuclear technology, radiation studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10592","display_name":"Fusion materials and technologies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12506","display_name":"Nuclear materials and radiation effects","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiation-effects","display_name":"radiation effects","score":0.7239999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphite","display_name":"graphite","score":0.7099999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon","display_name":"carbon","score":0.6840000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polycrystalline-graphite","display_name":"polycrystalline graphite","score":0.9679999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimensional-instability","display_name":"dimensional instability","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temperature-dependence","display_name":"temperature dependence","score":0.6259999871253967}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137637335","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899604","display_name":"Crystallite","level":2,"score":0.8574188351631165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779698641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5309","display_name":"Graphite","level":2,"score":0.8412620425224304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85725439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466686","display_name":"Anisotropy","level":2,"score":0.7228115797042847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154954056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1604164","display_name":"Transverse plane","level":2,"score":0.5865330100059509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.581373393535614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153385146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18335","display_name":"Radiation","level":2,"score":0.5650355219841003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111337013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2737837","display_name":"Irradiation","level":2,"score":0.552056074142456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204622719","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3774196","display_name":"Nuclear graphite","level":3,"score":0.5180737972259521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26873012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781","display_name":"Condensed matter physics","level":1,"score":0.4997444152832031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207821765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q405372","display_name":"Instability","level":2,"score":0.47130975127220154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163415756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126473","display_name":"Contraction (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.4498358368873596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8010536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160398","display_name":"Crystallography","level":1,"score":0.3372497856616974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.32457444071769714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.3006918430328369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.19779512286186218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185544564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81197","display_name":"Nuclear physics","level":1,"score":0.15983548760414124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.15921559929847717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0966314971446991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.08723181486129761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2172/4752202","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2172/4752202","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2172/4752202","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Hanford Site (HNF)","raw_type":"report"},{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:4752202","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/4752202","pdf_url":"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/4752202","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:info:ark/67531/metadc1027677","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1027677/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400792","display_name":"University of North Texas Digital Library (University of North Texas)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I123534392","host_organization_name":"University of North Texas","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123534392"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Report"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:4752202","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/4752202","pdf_url":"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/4752202","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7421663.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7421663.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W201142670","https://openalex.org/W1993367932","https://openalex.org/W2022259085","https://openalex.org/W2092735738","https://openalex.org/W2111528963","https://openalex.org/W3210472012","https://openalex.org/W1968888933","https://openalex.org/W2001294293","https://openalex.org/W1985152038","https://openalex.org/W4205518810"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Two":[0],"simultaneous":[1],"effects":[2],"occur":[3,78],"during":[4],"the":[5,13,23,32,40,54,68,81,85],"irradiation":[6],"of":[7,22,84],"polycrystnlline":[8],"graphite":[9],"which":[10,25,64],"account":[11],"for":[12],"observed":[14],"dimensional":[15],"instability.":[16],"The":[17,57],"first":[18],"is":[19,45,53,60],"a":[20,36,41,61],"disordering":[21],"crystallites":[24],"results":[26],"in":[27,67,71,80],"an":[28],"expansion":[29],"parallel":[30,38],"to":[31,39,77],"c":[33],"axis":[34],"and":[35,49,75],"contraction":[37],"axis.":[42],"This":[43],"process":[44],"highly":[46],"temperature":[47,52],"dependent":[48],"at":[50],"room":[51],"principal":[55],"effect.":[56],"second":[58],"effect":[59],"nonannealable":[62],"contraction,":[63],"acts":[65],"primarily":[66,79],"transverse":[69],"direction":[70],"anisotropic":[72],"nuclear":[73],"graphite,":[74],"seems":[76],"non-graphitic":[82],"part":[83],"polycrystalline":[86],"structure.":[87],"(auth)":[88]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-29T14:09:16.559479","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
