{"id":"https://openalex.org/W73880725","doi":null,"title":"The evolution of small GTP binding proteins in cellular organisms. Studies of RAS GTPases in arabidopsis thaliana and the Ral GTPase from Drosophila melanogaster","display_name":"The evolution of small GTP binding proteins in cellular organisms. Studies of RAS GTPases in arabidopsis thaliana and the Ral GTPase from Drosophila melanogaster","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W73880725","mag":"73880725"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:brage.bibsys.no:11250/244456","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11250/244456","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400255","display_name":"BIBSYS Brage (BIBSYS (Norway))","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I173212132","host_organization_name":"Vilnius University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173212132"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"118","raw_type":"Doctoral thesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11250/244456","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046372204","display_name":"Per Winge","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4380-1951","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4380-1951"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Per Winge","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4380-1951","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046372204"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10169","display_name":"Protein Kinase Regulation and GTPase Signaling","score":0.9390000104904175,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10169","display_name":"Protein Kinase Regulation and GTPase Signaling","score":0.9390000104904175,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10617","display_name":"Cellular transport and secretion","score":0.03629999980330467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1307","display_name":"Cell Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10184","display_name":"Plant Molecular Biology Research","score":0.003100000089034438,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/small-gtpases","display_name":"small GTPases","score":0.7889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ras-gtpase","display_name":"Ras GTPase","score":0.8159999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ral-gtpase","display_name":"Ral GTPase","score":0.9319999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rho-gtpases","display_name":"Rho GTPases","score":0.7749999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rac1","display_name":"Rac1","score":0.6549999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cdc42","display_name":"Cdc42","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gdp-dissociation-inhibitor","display_name":"GDP dissociation inhibitor","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rhogef","display_name":"RhoGEF","score":0.5730000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rhoa","display_name":"RhoA","score":0.4480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rhob","display_name":"RhoB","score":0.6320000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rhoc","display_name":"RhoC","score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rhod","display_name":"RhoD","score":0.5740000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rhoe","display_name":"RhoE","score":0.628000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rhog","display_name":"RhoG","score":0.5479999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rhogap","display_name":"RhoGAP","score":0.40299999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rho-kinase","display_name":"Rho kinase","score":0.4880000054836273}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207332259","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q769143","display_name":"GTPase","level":2,"score":0.8783388137817383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780104201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130888","display_name":"Drosophila melanogaster","level":3,"score":0.8119091391563416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85771745","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514732","display_name":"GTP-binding protein regulators","level":4,"score":0.6807072162628174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780298669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q415071","display_name":"Small GTPase","level":3,"score":0.6681957244873047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775988993","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q158695","display_name":"Arabidopsis thaliana","level":4,"score":0.6640794277191162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514725","display_name":"GTP'","level":3,"score":0.6508431434631348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.5797656774520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.537723958492279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.5126849412918091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779491563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q157892","display_name":"Arabidopsis","level":4,"score":0.4403834640979767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776998849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3766082","display_name":"Melanogaster","level":4,"score":0.4354112446308136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.423493891954422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80631254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407438","display_name":"G protein","level":3,"score":0.3829537630081177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.28477779030799866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62478195","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q828130","display_name":"Signal transduction","level":2,"score":0.23543062806129456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.21652734279632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.19552430510520935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143065580","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3285695","display_name":"Mutant","level":3,"score":0.07074606418609619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181199279","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8047","display_name":"Enzyme","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:brage.bibsys.no:11250/244456","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11250/244456","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400255","display_name":"BIBSYS Brage (BIBSYS (Norway))","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I173212132","host_organization_name":"Vilnius University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173212132"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"118","raw_type":"Doctoral thesis"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ntnuopen.ntnu.no:11250/244456","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11250/244456","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064446","display_name":"NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"118","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis"},{"id":"mag:73880725","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://brage.bibsys.no/xmlui/handle/11250/244456","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363605458","display_name":"118","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"other"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"118","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ntnuopen.ntnu.no:11250/244456","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11250/244456","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064446","display_name":"NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"118","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":252,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W35071699","https://openalex.org/W40979225","https://openalex.org/W105110733","https://openalex.org/W300542546","https://openalex.org/W350368777","https://openalex.org/W1486346849","https://openalex.org/W1487499673","https://openalex.org/W1496054948","https://openalex.org/W1506678536","https://openalex.org/W1508614407","https://openalex.org/W1517631297","https://openalex.org/W1520020505","https://openalex.org/W1522208682","https://openalex.org/W1524209546","https://openalex.org/W1527650585","https://openalex.org/W1534034786","https://openalex.org/W1536988626","https://openalex.org/W1548484817","https://openalex.org/W1560781944","https://openalex.org/W1566673051","https://openalex.org/W1567525036","https://openalex.org/W1568345151","https://openalex.org/W1574001549","https://openalex.org/W1575113516","https://openalex.org/W1579721654","https://openalex.org/W1581577100","https://openalex.org/W1583493118","https://openalex.org/W1587885775","https://openalex.org/W1591745184","https://openalex.org/W1597130528","https://openalex.org/W1597609173","https://openalex.org/W1608131302","https://openalex.org/W1614002301","https://openalex.org/W1673824819","https://openalex.org/W1754722913","https://openalex.org/W1780670592","https://openalex.org/W1816674519","https://openalex.org/W1824220821","https://openalex.org/W1845171218","https://openalex.org/W1845241435","https://openalex.org/W1860329500","https://openalex.org/W1864024764","https://openalex.org/W1876069258","https://openalex.org/W1887383255","https://openalex.org/W1907110586","https://openalex.org/W1947480984","https://openalex.org/W1961893762","https://openalex.org/W1963318786","https://openalex.org/W1964568191","https://openalex.org/W1965194441","https://openalex.org/W1966242743","https://openalex.org/W1968049992","https://openalex.org/W1968050307","https://openalex.org/W1968453135","https://openalex.org/W1969584492","https://openalex.org/W1969873788","https://openalex.org/W1970473208","https://openalex.org/W1970615437","https://openalex.org/W1970788474","https://openalex.org/W1971119286","https://openalex.org/W1971182645","https://openalex.org/W1972999117","https://openalex.org/W1973200579","https://openalex.org/W1973287769","https://openalex.org/W1973834617","https://openalex.org/W1974818307","https://openalex.org/W1974874516","https://openalex.org/W1974979826","https://openalex.org/W1975544278","https://openalex.org/W1976874006","https://openalex.org/W1977048250","https://openalex.org/W1980943495","https://openalex.org/W1986555231","https://openalex.org/W1991488963","https://openalex.org/W1991760443","https://openalex.org/W1993972454","https://openalex.org/W1995162896","https://openalex.org/W1997016195","https://openalex.org/W1998359653","https://openalex.org/W1998458308","https://openalex.org/W1999538252","https://openalex.org/W2000757976","https://openalex.org/W2001051557","https://openalex.org/W2001449914","https://openalex.org/W2001717872","https://openalex.org/W2004373826","https://openalex.org/W2005377146","https://openalex.org/W2005685224","https://openalex.org/W2007375100","https://openalex.org/W2008034134","https://openalex.org/W2008146408","https://openalex.org/W2011073796","https://openalex.org/W2011717692","https://openalex.org/W2012189464","https://openalex.org/W2013789757","https://openalex.org/W2014307956","https://openalex.org/W2017115957","https://openalex.org/W2017550542","https://openalex.org/W2019125570","https://openalex.org/W2019851585","https://openalex.org/W2019851613","https://openalex.org/W2020814966","https://openalex.org/W2024027456","https://openalex.org/W2025150435","https://openalex.org/W2026403140","https://openalex.org/W2028170357","https://openalex.org/W2028344300","https://openalex.org/W2028643767","https://openalex.org/W2029872541","https://openalex.org/W2030616863","https://openalex.org/W2031123547","https://openalex.org/W2032166135","https://openalex.org/W2032184683","https://openalex.org/W2032817187","https://openalex.org/W2036123452","https://openalex.org/W2036443312","https://openalex.org/W2036887265","https://openalex.org/W2036983421","https://openalex.org/W2038637375","https://openalex.org/W2039075024","https://openalex.org/W2041076979","https://openalex.org/W2041684186","https://openalex.org/W2042044018","https://openalex.org/W2042584344","https://openalex.org/W2043114724","https://openalex.org/W2043212590","https://openalex.org/W2044208802","https://openalex.org/W2044681890","https://openalex.org/W2045227405","https://openalex.org/W2045407209","https://openalex.org/W2047384586","https://openalex.org/W2048430903","https://openalex.org/W2048702755","https://openalex.org/W2049166422","https://openalex.org/W2051069992","https://openalex.org/W2053708801","https://openalex.org/W2054591128","https://openalex.org/W2054792404","https://openalex.org/W2054882245","https://openalex.org/W2054897680","https://openalex.org/W2055349509","https://openalex.org/W2055409295","https://openalex.org/W2056148603","https://openalex.org/W2057238483","https://openalex.org/W2059048465","https://openalex.org/W2059161447","https://openalex.org/W2059555945","https://openalex.org/W2059621297","https://openalex.org/W2059727911","https://openalex.org/W2063189117","https://openalex.org/W2063564006","https://openalex.org/W2064062498","https://openalex.org/W2064284760","https://openalex.org/W2064338173","https://openalex.org/W2064967819","https://openalex.org/W2065235534","https://openalex.org/W2067673948","https://openalex.org/W2069945609","https://openalex.org/W2069986934","https://openalex.org/W2070282050","https://openalex.org/W2070452604","https://openalex.org/W2070548790","https://openalex.org/W2071481601","https://openalex.org/W2072273093","https://openalex.org/W2073439264","https://openalex.org/W2077167882","https://openalex.org/W2077261661","https://openalex.org/W2077593465","https://openalex.org/W2078637309","https://openalex.org/W2078923362","https://openalex.org/W2079313436","https://openalex.org/W2081840182","https://openalex.org/W2082978552","https://openalex.org/W2083581646","https://openalex.org/W2084832908","https://openalex.org/W2085333060","https://openalex.org/W2087495538","https://openalex.org/W2088893850","https://openalex.org/W2089887078","https://openalex.org/W2090200732","https://openalex.org/W2091169894","https://openalex.org/W2091365889","https://openalex.org/W2092954353","https://openalex.org/W2093226717","https://openalex.org/W2093794669","https://openalex.org/W2094498477","https://openalex.org/W2094816576","https://openalex.org/W2095506400","https://openalex.org/W2095581687","https://openalex.org/W2097821510","https://openalex.org/W2099192887","https://openalex.org/W2099813504","https://openalex.org/W2100361137","https://openalex.org/W2103761801","https://openalex.org/W2105942607","https://openalex.org/W2109718825","https://openalex.org/W2111624352","https://openalex.org/W2113001027","https://openalex.org/W2113960457","https://openalex.org/W2113990040","https://openalex.org/W2114460420","https://openalex.org/W2114618350","https://openalex.org/W2115235932","https://openalex.org/W2115351454","https://openalex.org/W2119264345","https://openalex.org/W2119905730","https://openalex.org/W2121889667","https://openalex.org/W2123359853","https://openalex.org/W2125275215","https://openalex.org/W2127191141","https://openalex.org/W2127678330","https://openalex.org/W2127755033","https://openalex.org/W2128000228","https://openalex.org/W2129357688","https://openalex.org/W2130526838","https://openalex.org/W2131291909","https://openalex.org/W2132088939","https://openalex.org/W2134699117","https://openalex.org/W2135756225","https://openalex.org/W2136812809","https://openalex.org/W2137516675","https://openalex.org/W2140882934","https://openalex.org/W2142648753","https://openalex.org/W2144135799","https://openalex.org/W2146702714","https://openalex.org/W2150045184","https://openalex.org/W2153604383","https://openalex.org/W2153637044","https://openalex.org/W2154237607","https://openalex.org/W2154328299","https://openalex.org/W2155541081","https://openalex.org/W2155927821","https://openalex.org/W2156622081","https://openalex.org/W2156846932","https://openalex.org/W2159268849","https://openalex.org/W2159847655","https://openalex.org/W2160972947","https://openalex.org/W2162557811","https://openalex.org/W2162771144","https://openalex.org/W2164417370","https://openalex.org/W2170331674","https://openalex.org/W2171002377","https://openalex.org/W2171056439","https://openalex.org/W2182097919","https://openalex.org/W2277578385","https://openalex.org/W2289018119","https://openalex.org/W2298147936","https://openalex.org/W2331842148","https://openalex.org/W2343043204","https://openalex.org/W2399802718","https://openalex.org/W2422302446","https://openalex.org/W4230738141"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7100813786","https://openalex.org/W4231175437","https://openalex.org/W2102724568","https://openalex.org/W1969922994","https://openalex.org/W1839381104","https://openalex.org/W2051336161","https://openalex.org/W4232680642","https://openalex.org/W2576996936","https://openalex.org/W2014987538","https://openalex.org/W87374015"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Small":[0],"GTP":[1,327],"binding":[2],"proteins":[3,319,351,393,406,724,843],"function":[4],"as":[5,25,44,82,131,145,207,361,443,827],"molecular":[6],"switches":[7],"which":[8,236,287,570,737],"cycles":[9],"between":[10,388,836],"GTP-bound":[11,296],"ON":[12],"and":[13,17,70,91,93,116,148,255,309,326,349,366,376,391,412,420,448,510,540,583,602,628,646,678,695,717,761,767,783,841],"GDP-bound":[14],"OFF":[15],"states,":[16],"regulate":[18,203,816],"a":[19,161,354,424,688,715,718,739,833],"wide":[20],"variety":[21],"of":[22,32,118,174,277,357,439,452,470,532,547,563,585,606,617,653,660,670,680,691,741,748,771,775],"cellular":[23,270,358,699],"processes":[24,143,217,359,837],"biological":[26],"timers.":[27],"The":[28,96,224,282,368,450,550,590,650,722,829],"first":[29,97,125,156,521],"characterized":[30],"member":[31],"the":[33,37,49,59,107,165,232,256,291,295,303,307,315,322,339,347,440,471,530,548,561,568,581,599,603,618,624,629,636,644,654,658,668,671,705,726,756,809],"small":[34,62,427,692,706],"GTPase":[35,190,226,258,308,317,324,340,370,383],"family,":[36],"mutated":[38,153],"oncogene":[39],"p21":[40],"src,":[41],"later":[42,200],"known":[43],"Harvey-Ras,":[45],"was":[46,72,102,124,160,177,199,227,633,640],"identified":[47,477],"in":[48,67,79,104,142,154,214,230,267,353,386,410,429,434,455,464,478,537,556,567,588,674,698,708,729,780,801,844],"early":[50],"1980s":[51],"(Shih,":[52],"T.":[53,401],"Y.":[54],"et":[55,113,185,221,245,397,402,487,494,500,507,516,525,595],"al.":[56,114,186,222,246,398,403,488,495,501,508,517,526,596],"1980).":[57],"In":[58,329,519],"following":[60],"years":[61],"Ras-lik":[63],"GTPases":[64,428,454,474,536,694,707],"were":[65,554],"found":[66,409],"several":[68,436,479],"organisms":[69,481],"it":[71,123,249,342,639],"soon":[73,250],"discovered":[74,433],"that":[75,127,137,158,210,253,335,381,704,743,805],"they":[76,128,140,150,413],"took":[77],"part":[78],"processes,":[80],"such":[81,144,360,442,482],"signal":[83],"transduction,":[84],"gene":[85,101,672,760],"expression,":[86],"cytoskeleton":[87],"reorganisation,":[88],"microtubule":[89],"organisation,":[90],"vesicular":[92],"nuclear":[94],"transport.":[95],"Rho":[98,159,392],"(Ras":[99],"homology)":[100],"cloned":[103],"1985":[105],"from":[106,169,290,306,312,338,534,610,623,635,711],"sea":[108],"slug":[109],"Aplysia":[110],"(Madaule,":[111],"P.":[112,524,594],"1985)":[115],"because":[117],"their":[119,696],"homology":[120],"to":[121,202,294,314,374,415,418,575,642,815,824],"Ras":[122,375,390],"suspected":[126],"could":[129],"act":[130,807],"oncogenes.":[132],"Later":[133],"studies":[134,378],"have":[135,379,457,475],"shown":[136,201,380],"even":[138],"though":[139],"participate":[141,352],"cell":[146,362,364,765],"migration":[147],"motility":[149],"are":[151,272,332,407,684,732],"not":[152,408],"cancers.\\n\\nThe":[155],"indications":[157],"signaling":[162],"protein":[163],"regulating":[164,231],"actin":[166,204],"cytoskeleton,":[167],"came":[168,622],"experiments":[170,753],"where":[171],"activated":[172,787],"forms":[173,774,788],"human":[175],"RhoA":[176],"microinjected":[178],"into":[179],"3T3":[180],"cells":[181],"(Paterson,":[182],"H.":[183],"F.":[184],"1990).":[187],"Another":[188],"Rho-like":[189,280],"Rac1":[191],"(named":[192,565],"after":[193],"Ras-related":[194],"C3":[195],"botulinum":[196],"toxin":[197],"substrate)":[198],"cytoskeletal":[205],"dynamics":[206],"well,":[208],"suggesting":[209],"Rho-family":[211,350],"members":[212,438],"cooperate":[213],"controlling":[215],"these":[216,681],"(Ridley,":[218],"A.":[219,244,396,486,506],"J.":[220,493,514],"1992).":[223],"Rac":[225],"also":[228,579,831],"implicated":[229],"phagocytic":[233],"NADPH":[234],"oxidase,":[235],"produce":[237],"superoxide":[238],"for":[239,279,344,426,545,734],"killing":[240],"phagocytized":[241],"microorganisms":[242],"(Abo,":[243],"1991).":[247],"Thus,":[248],"became":[251],"clear":[252],"Rac/Rho":[254,840],"related":[257,373],"Cdc42":[259],"(cell":[260],"division":[261],"cycle":[262],"42)":[263],"had":[264],"central":[265],"functions":[266,451],"many":[268],"important":[269],"processes.\\n\\nThere":[271],"at":[273],"least":[274],"three":[275],"types":[276],"regulators":[278,334],"proteins.":[281],"GDP/GTP":[283],"exchange":[284],"factors":[285],"(GEFs)":[286],"stimulates":[288,321],"conversion":[289],"GDPbound":[292],"form":[293],"form.":[297],"GDP":[298],"dissociation":[299,305],"inhibitors":[300],"(GDIs)":[301],"decrease":[302],"nucleotide":[304],"retrieve":[310],"them":[311],"membranes":[313],"cytosol.":[316],"activating":[318],"(GAPs)":[320],"intrinsic":[323],"activity":[325],"hydrolysis.":[328],"addition":[330],"there":[331],"probably":[333,421],"dissociate":[336],"GDI":[337],"leaving":[341,792],"open":[343,796],"activation":[345],"by":[346,839],"RhoGEFs.\\n\\nRas":[348],"coordinated":[355],"regulation":[356],"motility,":[363,736],"growth":[365],"division.":[367],"Ral":[369,405,445,453,842],"is":[371,384,738],"closely":[372],"recent":[377,820],"this":[382,802],"involved":[385],"crosstalk":[387],"both":[389],"(Feig,":[394],"L.":[395,515],"1996;":[399],"Oshiro,":[400],"2002).":[404],"plants":[411,497],"appear":[414],"be":[416],"restricted":[417,574],"animalia":[419],"yeast.":[422],"During":[423],"screen":[425],"Drosophila":[430,444,456,757],"melanogaster":[431,758],"I":[432],"1993":[435],"new":[437,472,648,682],"Ras-family,":[441],"(DRal),":[446],"Ric1":[447],"Rap2.":[449],"until":[458],"recently":[459],"been":[460,476],"poorly":[461],"known,":[462],"but":[463,819],"paper":[465],"2":[466],"we":[467,528,620],"present":[468],"some":[469],"findings.\\n\\nRho-like":[473],"eukaryotic":[480],"as,":[483],"yeast":[484],"(Bender,":[485],"1989),":[489],"Dictyostelium":[490],"discoideum":[491],"(Bush,":[492],"1993),":[496,502],"(Yang,":[498],"Z.":[499],"Entamoeba":[503],"histolytica":[504],"(Lohia,":[505],"1993)":[509],"Trypanosoma":[511],"cruzi":[512],"(Nepomuceno-Silva,":[513],"2001).":[518],"our":[520],"publication,":[522,592],"(Winge,":[523,593],"1997),":[527],"describe":[529,598],"cloning":[531],"cDNAs":[533],"RAC-like":[535],"Arabidopsis":[538,611,630],"thaliana":[539,631],"show":[541],"mRNA":[542],"expressions":[543],"pattern":[544],"five":[546,551],"genes.":[549],"genes":[552,587,609,656],"analyzed":[553,621],"expressed":[555],"most":[557,614],"plant":[558],"tissues":[559],"with":[560,687,755,794],"exception":[562],"AtRAC2":[564],"Arac2":[566],"paper),":[569],"has":[571],"an":[572,795],"expression":[573,770],"vascular":[576],"tissues.":[577],"We":[578],"discuss":[580],"evolution":[582,669,697],"development":[584],"RAC":[586,608],"plants.":[589,675],"third":[591],"2000),":[597],"genetic":[600],"structure":[601],"genomic":[604,615,651,662],"sequence":[605],"11":[607],"thaliana.":[612],"As":[613],"sequences":[616,645],"AtRACs":[619],"Landsberg":[625],"erecta":[626],"ecotype":[627],"genome":[632],"sequenced":[634],"Columbia":[637],"ecotype,":[638],"possible":[641],"compare":[643],"identify":[647],"polymorphisms.":[649],"location":[652],"AtRAC":[655],"plus":[657],"revelation":[659],"large":[661],"duplications":[663],"provided":[664],"additional":[665,825],"information":[666],"regarding":[667],"family":[673],"A":[676],"summary":[677],"discussion":[679],"findings":[683,821],"presented":[685,800],"together":[686],"general":[689],"study":[690,702],"Ras-like":[693],"organisms.":[700],"This":[701],"suggests":[703],"eukaryots":[709],"evolved":[710],"two":[712],"bacterial":[713],"ancestors,":[714],"Rab-like":[716],"MglA/Arp-like":[719],"(Arf-like)":[720],"protein.":[721],"MglA":[723],"(after":[725],"mgl":[727],"locus":[728],"Myxococcus":[730],"xanthus)":[731],"required":[733],"gliding":[735],"type":[740],"movement":[742],"take":[744],"place":[745],"without":[746],"help":[747],"flagella.\\n\\nThe":[749],"second":[750],"publication":[751,803],"describes":[752],"done":[754],"DRal":[759,776,806],"its":[762],"effects":[763],"on":[764],"shape":[766],"development.":[768],"Ectopic":[769],"dominant":[772],"negative":[773],"reveals":[777],"developmental":[778],"defects":[779],"eye":[781],"facets":[782],"hairs,":[784],"while":[785],"constitutive":[786],"affects":[789],"dorsal":[790,797,817],"closure,":[791,818],"embryos":[793],"phenotype.":[798],"Results":[799],"suggest":[804],"through":[808],"Jun":[810],"N-terminal":[811],"kinase":[812],"(JNK)":[813],"pathway":[814],"may":[822],"point":[823],"explanations":[826],"well.":[828],"results":[830],"indicate":[832],"close":[834],"association":[835],"regulated":[838],"Drosophila.":[845]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-01T08:54:57.152042","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
