{"id":"https://openalex.org/W72911776","doi":null,"title":"Pathogenicity islands and the evolution of bacterial pathogens.","display_name":"Pathogenicity islands and the evolution of bacterial pathogens.","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W72911776","mag":"72911776","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8789594"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:8789594","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8789594","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Infectious agents and disease","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083077838","display_name":"Catherine A. Lee","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"C A Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083077838"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.4496,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":131,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98119937,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10120","display_name":"Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology","score":0.35910001397132874,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10120","display_name":"Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology","score":0.35910001397132874,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10943","display_name":"Escherichia coli research studies","score":0.3174000084400177,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2404","display_name":"Microbiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11688","display_name":"Microbial infections and disease research","score":0.05939999967813492,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2404","display_name":"Microbiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathogenicity-islands","display_name":"pathogenicity islands","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virulence-genes","display_name":"virulence genes","score":0.8669999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bacterial-pathogenesis","display_name":"bacterial pathogenesis","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/horizontal-gene-transfer","display_name":"horizontal gene transfer","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virulence-phenotypes","display_name":"virulence phenotypes","score":0.7630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chromosome-regions","display_name":"chromosomal regions","score":0.6269999742507935}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60987743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1460232","display_name":"Virulence","level":3,"score":0.931059718132019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64502627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170065","display_name":"Pathogenicity","level":2,"score":0.9163129329681396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62130838","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5196163","display_name":"Pathogenicity island","level":4,"score":0.8869789838790894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.6977171301841736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.40703094005584717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.3895578980445862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.3641743063926697}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001419","descriptor_name":"Bacteria","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001419","descriptor_name":"Bacteria","qualifier_ui":"Q000472","qualifier_name":"pathogenicity","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001424","descriptor_name":"Bacterial Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001424","descriptor_name":"Bacterial Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002876","descriptor_name":"Chromosomes, Bacterial","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004196","descriptor_name":"Disease Outbreaks","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005075","descriptor_name":"Biological Evolution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005798","descriptor_name":"Genes, Bacterial","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005810","descriptor_name":"Multigene Family","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010641","descriptor_name":"Phenotype","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014774","descriptor_name":"Virulence","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:8789594","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8789594","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Infectious agents and disease","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:72911776","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8789594","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4313692","https://openalex.org/W2137678717","https://openalex.org/W2063655745","https://openalex.org/W2126730752","https://openalex.org/W4234571212","https://openalex.org/W7098974675","https://openalex.org/W2121695290","https://openalex.org/W1243649262","https://openalex.org/W4390990638","https://openalex.org/W2074879055"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"term":[1,28],"pathogenicity":[2,35,40,71],"island":[3],"has":[4],"been":[5],"used":[6],"to":[7,9,56,74,79],"refer":[8],"large":[10],"chromosomal":[11],"regions":[12],"in":[13],"pathogenic":[14],"bacteria":[15,51],"that":[16,39,67,69],"encode":[17],"virulence":[18,45,87],"genes.":[19],"This":[20],"article":[21],"reviews":[22],"the":[23,80],"recent":[24],"history":[25],"of":[26,82],"this":[27],"and":[29,47,76],"considers":[30],"what":[31],"characteristics":[32],"define":[33],"a":[34],"island.":[36],"It":[37,64],"appears":[38],"islands":[41,72],"can":[42],"confer":[43],"complex":[44],"phenotypes":[46],"were":[48],"acquired":[49],"by":[50],"from":[52],"unrelated":[53],"organisms,":[54],"leading":[55],"interesting":[57],"hypotheses":[58],"about":[59],"how":[60],"bacterial":[61,83],"pathogens":[62,84],"evolved.":[63],"is":[65],"likely":[66],"mechanisms":[68],"generate":[70],"continue":[73],"operate":[75],"may":[77],"contribute":[78],"emergence":[81],"with":[85],"new":[86],"properties.":[88]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}