{"id":"https://openalex.org/W72327489","doi":null,"title":"Individual differences in the development of executive function in children: Lessons from the delayed response and A-not-B Tasks","display_name":"Individual differences in the development of executive function in children: Lessons from the delayed response and A-not-B Tasks","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W72327489","mag":"72327489"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.unl.edu:dcnlfacpub-1030","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/dcnlfacpub/31","pdf_url":"https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/dcnlfacpub/31","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400577","display_name":"Lincoln (University of Nebraska)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I114395901","host_organization_name":"University of Nebraska\u2013Lincoln","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory: Faculty and Staff Publications","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/dcnlfacpub/31","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055476024","display_name":"Kimberly Andrews Espy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3933-1053","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3933-1053"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kimberly Andrews Espy","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3933-1053","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073570946","display_name":"Paul M. Kaufmann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3095-3836","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3095-3836"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Kaufmann","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3095-3836","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6938,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83937756,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10656","display_name":"Child and Animal Learning Development","score":0.5214999914169312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10656","display_name":"Child and Animal Learning Development","score":0.5214999914169312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14104","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology","score":0.3458999991416931,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3206","display_name":"Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11577","display_name":"Cognitive Abilities and Testing","score":0.06909999996423721,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/executive-function","display_name":"executive function","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/individual-differences","display_name":"individual differences","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/children","display_name":"children","score":0.44600000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delayed-response-task","display_name":"delayed response task","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/a-not-b-task","display_name":"A-not-B task","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/developmental-neuropsychology","display_name":"developmental neuropsychology","score":0.6359999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attention","display_name":"attention","score":0.5619999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memory","display_name":"memory","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quasi-experimental-design","display_name":"quasi-experimental design","score":0.6629999876022339}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5705117583274841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5637199878692627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.49523869156837463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.4789057970046997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.3282396197319031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.unl.edu:dcnlfacpub-1030","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/dcnlfacpub/31","pdf_url":"https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/dcnlfacpub/31","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400577","display_name":"Lincoln (University of Nebraska)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I114395901","host_organization_name":"University of Nebraska\u2013Lincoln","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory: Faculty and Staff Publications","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:72327489","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1030&context=dcnlfacpub","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.unl.edu:dcnlfacpub-1030","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/dcnlfacpub/31","pdf_url":"https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/dcnlfacpub/31","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400577","display_name":"Lincoln (University of Nebraska)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I114395901","host_organization_name":"University of Nebraska\u2013Lincoln","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory: Faculty and Staff Publications","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W72327489.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7208130720","https://openalex.org/W2174642361","https://openalex.org/W1963954334","https://openalex.org/W3198618501","https://openalex.org/W2468643339","https://openalex.org/W2789961508","https://openalex.org/W2080359000","https://openalex.org/W2901747974","https://openalex.org/W201998220","https://openalex.org/W2146708122"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"explosion":[1],"of":[2,8,26,35,75,89,97,111,137],"research":[3],"activity":[4],"in":[5,38,53,129,162],"the":[6,18,33,46,73,81,86,95,108,135,153],"area":[7],"attention,":[9],"memory,":[10],"and":[11,79,105,139],"executive":[12,39,54,77,98,112,145,156],"function":[13,99,146],"has":[14,30],"been":[15],"noted":[16],"since":[17],"mid-1980s":[19],"(Lyon":[20],"&":[21],"Krasnegor,":[22],"1996).":[23],"The":[24],"bulk":[25],"this":[27],"activity,":[28],"however,":[29],"focused":[31],"on":[32,124,142],"examination":[34],"group":[36],"differences":[37,63,119],"skills,":[40],"with":[41,122],"less":[42],"attention":[43],"devoted":[44],"to":[45,72,152],"manner":[47],"by":[48,70,84],"which":[49],"individual":[50,62,87,118],"children":[51,141],"differ":[52],"skills":[55],"from":[56,64],"their":[57],"peers.":[58],"This":[59],"chapter":[60],"explores":[61],"a":[65,143],"developmental":[66,130],"perspective,":[67],"that":[68],"is,":[69],"returning":[71],"emergence":[74],"basic":[76],"functions":[78],"tracing":[80],"subsequent":[82],"manifestations":[83],"examining":[85],"patterns":[88],"change.":[90],"Therefore,":[91],"it":[92],"first":[93],"reviews":[94],"history":[96],"through":[100],"critical":[101],"case":[102],"study":[103],"descriptions":[104],"then":[106],"discusses":[107],"current":[109],"conceptualizations":[110],"functions.":[113],"Traditional":[114],"frameworks":[115],"for":[116],"understanding":[117],"are":[120,148],"described":[121],"emphasis":[123],"quasi-experimental":[125],"designs":[126],"commonly":[127],"used":[128],"neuropsychology.":[131],"Finally,":[132],"investigations":[133],"concerning":[134],"performance":[136],"infants":[138],"young":[140],"particular":[144],"paradigm":[147],"reviewed":[149],"because,":[150],"according":[151],"position":[154],"herein,":[155],"behavior":[157],"is":[158],"readily":[159],"observable":[160],"early":[161],"development.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-09-22T06:50:58.402377","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}