{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225840773","doi":null,"title":"\u0b95\u0bb2\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bca\u0b95\u0bc8 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb2\u0bbf \u0baa\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0bb0\u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b8f\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bb4\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bb2\u0bcd: Bull-Taming in the Cultural Tradition of Mullaikkali in Kalithokai","display_name":"\u0b95\u0bb2\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bca\u0b95\u0bc8 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb2\u0bbf \u0baa\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0bb0\u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b8f\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bb4\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bb2\u0bcd: Bull-Taming in the Cultural Tradition of Mullaikkali in Kalithokai","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225840773"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.ngmtamil.in:article/1024","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ngmtamil.in/kalanjiyam-tamil/index.php/kalanjiyam/article/view/1024","pdf_url":"https://ngmtamil.in/kalanjiyam-tamil/index.php/kalanjiyam/article/download/1024/735","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407000625","display_name":"KALANJIYAM - International Journal of Tamil Studies","issn_l":"2456-5148","issn":["2456-5148"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4387153712","host_organization_name":"Nallamuthu Gounder Mahalingam College","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387153712"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"10.63300/kijts603112026","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://ngmtamil.in/kalanjiyam-tamil/index.php/kalanjiyam/article/download/1024/735","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135156677","display_name":"\u0bae\u0bc1\u0ba9\u0bc8\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0bcd \u0bb0\u0bc6.\u0bb5\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bbe","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"\u0bae\u0bc1\u0ba9\u0bc8\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0bcd \u0bb0\u0bc6.\u0bb5\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bbe","raw_affiliation_strings":["\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc8\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0bcd, \u0ba4\u0bae\u0bbf\u0bb4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc8, \u0b95\u0bc1\u0baf\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb8\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bb2\u0bc8 \u0b85\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0bae\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0bbe\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bc2\u0bbe\u0bbf, \u0baa\u0bc1\u0ba9\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb3\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bcb\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc8"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc8\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0bcd, \u0ba4\u0bae\u0bbf\u0bb4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc8, \u0b95\u0bc1\u0baf\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb8\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bb2\u0bc8 \u0b85\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0bae\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0bbe\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bc2\u0bbe\u0bbf, \u0baa\u0bc1\u0ba9\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb3\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bcb\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc8","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5135156677"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12680","display_name":"Cultural and Mythological Studies","score":0.8223000168800354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1200","display_name":"General Arts and Humanities"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12680","display_name":"Cultural and Mythological Studies","score":0.8223000168800354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1200","display_name":"General Arts and Humanities"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13367","display_name":"Cultural and Sociopolitical Studies","score":0.11749999970197678,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12586","display_name":"Folklore, Mythology, and Literature Studies","score":0.017000000923871994,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1208","display_name":"Literature and Literary Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134400042","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2372244","display_name":"Symbol (formal)","level":2,"score":0.6504999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777352838","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5419420","display_name":"Excellence","level":2,"score":0.5354999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10511252","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q112110","display_name":"Emblem","level":2,"score":0.5285000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.5169000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780641677","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815726","display_name":"Solidarity","level":3,"score":0.5078999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.4830000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779662365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5416694","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","level":2,"score":0.4336000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.41130000352859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992884035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7551229","display_name":"Social life","level":2,"score":0.3869999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60671577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210272","display_name":"Cultural heritage","level":2,"score":0.38119998574256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2549261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43455","display_name":"Ethnology","level":1,"score":0.374099999666214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107038049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986","display_name":"Aesthetics","level":1,"score":0.358599990606308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2911096953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48324","display_name":"Moral standards","level":2,"score":0.3012000024318695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107993555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662673","display_name":"Gender studies","level":1,"score":0.28859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10187730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858517","display_name":"Cultural history","level":2,"score":0.2615000009536743}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.ngmtamil.in:article/1024","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ngmtamil.in/kalanjiyam-tamil/index.php/kalanjiyam/article/view/1024","pdf_url":"https://ngmtamil.in/kalanjiyam-tamil/index.php/kalanjiyam/article/download/1024/735","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407000625","display_name":"KALANJIYAM - International Journal of Tamil Studies","issn_l":"2456-5148","issn":["2456-5148"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4387153712","host_organization_name":"Nallamuthu Gounder Mahalingam College","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387153712"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"10.63300/kijts603112026","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.ngmtamil.in:article/1024","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ngmtamil.in/kalanjiyam-tamil/index.php/kalanjiyam/article/view/1024","pdf_url":"https://ngmtamil.in/kalanjiyam-tamil/index.php/kalanjiyam/article/download/1024/735","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407000625","display_name":"KALANJIYAM - International Journal of Tamil Studies","issn_l":"2456-5148","issn":["2456-5148"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4387153712","host_organization_name":"Nallamuthu Gounder Mahalingam College","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387153712"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"10.63300/kijts603112026","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225840773.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225840773.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4416902208"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,125],"Sangam":[1,113],"literature,":[2],"the":[3,17,41,44,58,63,72,96,104,126,155,158,164,168,180,202,209],"Mullai":[4,45,127],"landscape":[5],"(pastoral":[6],"region)":[7],"holds":[8],"a":[9,24,37,67,75,88,91,136,145,174],"unique":[10],"and":[11,23,31,60,77,100,123,135,187,205],"significant":[12],"place":[13,39],"as":[14,53,117,132,198],"it":[15,196],"portrays":[16],"lives":[18],"of":[19,43,62,70,74,103,138,157,190,208],"pastoralists,":[20],"cattle":[21],"rearing,":[22],"lifestyle":[25,42,206],"harmonized":[26],"with":[27],"nature.":[28],"Bull":[29],"rearing":[30],"its":[32,81],"associated":[33],"valorous":[34],"sports":[35],"held":[36],"prominent":[38],"in":[40,112,143,150],"region":[46],"people.":[47,106],"Among":[48],"them,":[49],"bull-taming":[50,109,172],"(Erutazhuvuthal)":[51],"stands":[52,197],"an":[54,199],"ancient":[55,203],"event":[56,93],"expressing":[57],"valor":[59],"culture":[61],"Tamils.":[64,192,210],"Bull-taming":[65],"is":[66,173],"heroic":[68,181],"act":[69],"seizing":[71],"horns":[73],"bull":[76,146],"attempting":[78],"to":[79,108],"subdue":[80],"strength.":[82],"This":[83],"was":[84],"considered":[85],"not":[86],"merely":[87],"game,":[89],"but":[90],"cultural":[92,176],"that":[94,178],"demonstrated":[95],"courage,":[97],"physical":[98],"strength,":[99],"mental":[101],"fortitude":[102],"pastoral":[105,159],"References":[107],"are":[110],"found":[111],"literary":[114],"works":[115],"such":[116],"Kalithokai":[118],"(specifically":[119],"Mullaikkali),":[120],"Perump\u0101\u1e47\u0101\u1e5f\u1e5fuppa\u1e6dai,":[121],"Malaipa\u1e6duka\u1e6d\u0101m,":[122],"Silappatik\u0101ram.":[124],"landscape,":[128],"bulls":[129],"were":[130],"regarded":[131],"familial":[133],"wealth":[134],"symbol":[137],"pride.":[139],"A":[140],"warrior's":[141],"skill":[142],"subduing":[144],"earned":[147],"him":[148],"respect":[149],"society.":[151],"Literature":[152],"also":[153],"records":[154],"celebration":[156],"community,":[160],"where":[161],"women":[162],"welcomed":[163],"warriors":[165],"by":[166],"performing":[167],"Kuravai":[169],"dance.":[170],"Therefore,":[171],"vital":[175],"component":[177],"reflects":[179],"spirit,":[182],"nature-oriented":[183],"lifestyle,":[184],"cattle-rearing":[185],"tradition,":[186],"social":[188],"solidarity":[189],"Sangam-era":[191],"To":[193],"this":[194],"day,":[195],"emblem":[200],"highlighting":[201],"heritage":[204],"excellence":[207]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2026-11-12T00:00:00"}