{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225834243","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.70133","title":"Standing By and Losing Humanity: Self\u2013Other Asymmetries in Moral Evaluation and Dehumanization Following Prosocial Inaction","display_name":"Standing By and Losing Humanity: Self\u2013Other Asymmetries in Moral Evaluation and Dehumanization Following Prosocial Inaction","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225834243","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.70133"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/ejsp.70133","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.70133","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.70133","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/ejsp.70133","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10288104","display_name":"European Journal of Social Psychology","issn_l":"0046-2772","issn":["0046-2772","1099-0992"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Journal of Social Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/ejsp.70133","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053584207","display_name":"Jiangyong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2620-813X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2620-813X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88830068","display_name":"Shaanxi Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/0170z8493","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88830068"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiangyong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Psychology Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, Smart Education Center for Fostering Virtue through Education Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2620-813X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Psychology Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, Smart Education Center for Fostering Virtue through Education Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88830068"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161447815","display_name":"Tianqi Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6945-1809","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6945-1809"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88830068","display_name":"Shaanxi Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/0170z8493","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88830068"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianqi Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Psychology Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, Smart Education Center for Fostering Virtue through Education Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6945-1809","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Psychology Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, Smart Education Center for Fostering Virtue through Education Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88830068"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123212616","display_name":"Quan Wei","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88830068","display_name":"Shaanxi Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/0170z8493","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88830068"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Quan Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Psychology Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, Smart Education Center for Fostering Virtue through Education Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0764-4482","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Psychology Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, Smart Education Center for Fostering Virtue through Education Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88830068"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083776663","display_name":"Jiaxin Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6060-926X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6060-926X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187400657","display_name":"South China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kq0pv72","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187400657"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jiaxin Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology South China Normal University  Guangzhou China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6060-926X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology South China Normal University  Guangzhou China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187400657"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014465763","display_name":"Yangmei Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4440-6980","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4440-6980"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88830068","display_name":"Shaanxi Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/0170z8493","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88830068"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yangmei Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Psychology Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, Smart Education Center for Fostering Virtue through Education Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4440-6980","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Psychology Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, Smart Education Center for Fostering Virtue through Education Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88830068"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5014465763","https://openalex.org/A5083776663"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187400657","https://openalex.org/I88830068"],"apc_list":{"value":3980,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3980},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12520","display_name":"Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment","score":0.7943999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12520","display_name":"Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment","score":0.7943999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10314","display_name":"Social and Intergroup Psychology","score":0.19599999487400055,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12521","display_name":"Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion","score":0.00279999990016222,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32423185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3495037","display_name":"Dehumanization","level":2,"score":0.8956000208854675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.8791000247001648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158608086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2990613","display_name":"Prosocial behavior","level":2,"score":0.8026999831199646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779545769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5135364","display_name":"Closeness","level":2,"score":0.7712000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.7706999778747559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777930997","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6765918","display_name":"Wrongdoing","level":2,"score":0.5982999801635742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100660578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18733","display_name":"Recall","level":2,"score":0.43549999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57996006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6909105","display_name":"Moral disengagement","level":2,"score":0.4316999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143299363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900584","display_name":"Attribution","level":2,"score":0.41600000858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142853389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744778","display_name":"Association (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.39989998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139621336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3190382","display_name":"Economic Justice","level":2,"score":0.3806999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779885105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182263","display_name":"Empathy","level":2,"score":0.37689998745918274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778823110","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12504525","display_name":"Moral character","level":2,"score":0.3456000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778585151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282225","display_name":"Dishonesty","level":2,"score":0.3183000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200113983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48324","display_name":"Morality","level":2,"score":0.30869999527931213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86658582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1432778","display_name":"Social cognition","level":3,"score":0.30160000920295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207546712","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5710255","display_name":"Helping behavior","level":2,"score":0.2980000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780279448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2559380","display_name":"Altruism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.28459998965263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.28060001134872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778251646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5373833","display_name":"Empathic concern","level":4,"score":0.2800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76247681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6909101","display_name":"Moral development","level":2,"score":0.2750000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776325391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6917865","display_name":"Motivated reasoning","level":3,"score":0.2743000090122223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2911096953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48324","display_name":"Moral standards","level":2,"score":0.2655999958515167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129484327","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177603","display_name":"Social perception","level":3,"score":0.265500009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107344746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375181","display_name":"Ingroups and outgroups","level":2,"score":0.2623000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778731027","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q537963","display_name":"Forgiveness","level":2,"score":0.25690001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9158031","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6909140","display_name":"Moral reasoning","level":2,"score":0.2517000138759613}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/ejsp.70133","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.70133","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.70133","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/ejsp.70133","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10288104","display_name":"European Journal of Social Psychology","issn_l":"0046-2772","issn":["0046-2772","1099-0992"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Journal of Social Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/ejsp.70133","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.70133","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.70133","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/ejsp.70133","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10288104","display_name":"European Journal of Social Psychology","issn_l":"0046-2772","issn":["0046-2772","1099-0992"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Journal of Social Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225834243.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225834243.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":64,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1811636605","https://openalex.org/W1828541772","https://openalex.org/W1919351249","https://openalex.org/W2014833927","https://openalex.org/W2017483422","https://openalex.org/W2043723094","https://openalex.org/W2048748732","https://openalex.org/W2058024994","https://openalex.org/W2078896504","https://openalex.org/W2079306759","https://openalex.org/W2089512381","https://openalex.org/W2105717202","https://openalex.org/W2107050526","https://openalex.org/W2112395830","https://openalex.org/W2122189188","https://openalex.org/W2124809053","https://openalex.org/W2125241490","https://openalex.org/W2126278216","https://openalex.org/W2127542606","https://openalex.org/W2127571795","https://openalex.org/W2131619946","https://openalex.org/W2140342020","https://openalex.org/W2140694938","https://openalex.org/W2147565768","https://openalex.org/W2160848358","https://openalex.org/W2163674410","https://openalex.org/W2171602877","https://openalex.org/W2309180998","https://openalex.org/W2353864433","https://openalex.org/W2466089802","https://openalex.org/W2561795182","https://openalex.org/W2625091137","https://openalex.org/W2803838348","https://openalex.org/W2896468198","https://openalex.org/W2986241676","https://openalex.org/W3035507324","https://openalex.org/W3094136812","https://openalex.org/W3138585281","https://openalex.org/W3153781005","https://openalex.org/W3196039940","https://openalex.org/W3201981243","https://openalex.org/W4205405076","https://openalex.org/W4206656018","https://openalex.org/W4210888849","https://openalex.org/W4210935323","https://openalex.org/W4229062841","https://openalex.org/W4231132474","https://openalex.org/W4296180621","https://openalex.org/W4386851549","https://openalex.org/W4388044835","https://openalex.org/W4388672650","https://openalex.org/W4390753565","https://openalex.org/W4399922459","https://openalex.org/W4399979175","https://openalex.org/W4407726927","https://openalex.org/W4408997092","https://openalex.org/W4411598505","https://openalex.org/W4411598588","https://openalex.org/W4414021786","https://openalex.org/W4417520949","https://openalex.org/W7118814338","https://openalex.org/W7125964969","https://openalex.org/W7127046463","https://openalex.org/W7153519714"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRACT":[0],"Can":[1],"it":[2],"merely":[3],"failing":[4],"to":[5,130,133],"help":[6],"make":[7],"people":[8],"seem":[9],"less":[10,39],"human?":[11],"Across":[12],"four":[13],"preregistered":[14],"studies":[15],"(":[16],"N":[17],"=":[18],"1856),":[19],"using":[20],"autobiographical":[21],"recall":[22],"(Study":[23],"1)":[24],"and":[25,38,64,145],"hypothetical":[26],"scenarios":[27],"(Studies":[28],"2\u20134),":[29],"we":[30],"found":[31,84],"that":[32,88,136],"prosocial":[33,137],"inaction":[34,138],"elicited":[35],"greater":[36],"dehumanization":[37,125],"favourable":[40],"moral":[41,65,140],"evaluations":[42,71,93,98],"than":[43,60,112],"action.":[44,82],"Yet":[45],"these":[46,122],"judgements":[47],"depended":[48],"on":[49],"who":[50],"was":[51],"evaluated.":[52],"Following":[53],"inaction,":[54],"others":[55],"were":[56],"judged":[57],"more":[58],"harshly":[59],"oneself":[61],"in":[62,70],"humanness":[63],"character,":[66],"but":[67],"not":[68],"reliably":[69],"of":[72,94],"the":[73],"act":[74],"itself;":[75],"no":[76,85],"comparable":[77],"self\u2013other":[78],"asymmetry":[79],"emerged":[80],"following":[81],"We":[83],"reliable":[86],"evidence":[87],"relational":[89],"closeness":[90],"moderated":[91],"negative":[92],"passive":[95],"bystanders.":[96],"Moral":[97],"also":[99],"showed":[100],"indirect":[101],"associations":[102],"with":[103,105],"dehumanization,":[104],"Study":[106],"4":[107],"supporting":[108],"a":[109],"stronger":[110],"person\u2010based":[111],"act\u2010based":[113],"association":[114],"even":[115],"after":[116],"accounting":[117],"for":[118],"overall":[119],"impression.":[120],"Together,":[121],"findings":[123],"extend":[124],"research":[126],"beyond":[127],"overt":[128],"wrongdoing":[129],"everyday":[131],"failures":[132],"help,":[134],"suggesting":[135],"provides":[139],"information":[141],"about":[142],"both":[143],"character":[144],"humanness,":[146],"especially":[147],"when":[148],"evaluating":[149],"others.":[150]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2026-11-12T00:00:00"}