{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225833647","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1128/mbio.01536-26","title":"Decoding the cefazolin inoculum effect: phenotypic and genotypic insights beyond the MIC","display_name":"Decoding the cefazolin inoculum effect: phenotypic and genotypic insights beyond the MIC","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225833647","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1128/mbio.01536-26","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/43012524"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1128/mbio.01536-26","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1128/mbio.01536-26","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/mbio.01536-26","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201176","display_name":"mBio","issn_l":"2150-7511","issn":["2150-7511","2161-2129"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320263","host_organization_name":"American Society for Microbiology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320263"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society for Microbiology"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"mBio","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/mbio.01536-26","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161460096","display_name":"P. Srivastava","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. Srivastava","raw_affiliation_strings":["P3 Research Laboratory, Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"P3 Research Laboratory, Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161436859","display_name":"J. Valentine","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Valentine","raw_affiliation_strings":["P3 Research Laboratory, Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"P3 Research Laboratory, Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161451631","display_name":"C. Ma","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["P3 Research Laboratory, Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"P3 Research Laboratory, Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161454608","display_name":"G. Jackam","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. Jackam","raw_affiliation_strings":["P3 Research Laboratory, Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"P3 Research Laboratory, Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161450994","display_name":"L. I. Baldridge","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. I. Baldridge","raw_affiliation_strings":["P3 Research Laboratory, Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"P3 Research Laboratory, Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161432269","display_name":"A. D. Berti","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185443292","display_name":"Wayne State University","ror":"https://ror.org/01070mq45","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185443292"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. D. Berti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacy Practice, Wayne State University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacy Practice, Wayne State University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185443292"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056310890","display_name":"Daniel J. Wozniak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4592-4816","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4592-4816"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. J. Wozniak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Ohio State University, College of Medicine","Department of Microbiology, Ohio State University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4592-4816","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Ohio State University, College of Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microbiology, Ohio State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019206206","display_name":"Joel R. Leininger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1301-2225","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1301-2225"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802841970","display_name":"The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00c01js51","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802841970"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Leininger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1301-2225","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802841970","https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161451546","display_name":"R. L. Ventresca","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. L. Ventresca","raw_affiliation_strings":["P3 Research Laboratory, Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"P3 Research Laboratory, Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161422266","display_name":"F. Akter","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. Akter","raw_affiliation_strings":["P3 Research Laboratory, Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"P3 Research Laboratory, Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161441028","display_name":"T. Morrisette","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153297377","display_name":"Medical University of South Carolina","ror":"https://ror.org/012jban78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153297377"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. Morrisette","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Outcomes Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, College of Pharmacy","Department of Pharmacy, Medical University of South Carolina Health"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Outcomes Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, College of Pharmacy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153297377"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacy, Medical University of South Carolina Health","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153297377"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161454269","display_name":"J. Li","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043440090","display_name":"Razieh Kebriaei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4019-2679","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4019-2679"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Kebriaei","raw_affiliation_strings":["P3 Research Laboratory, Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4019-2679","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"P3 Research Laboratory, Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3900},"apc_paid":{"value":3900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3900},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"e0153626","last_page":"e0153626"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10195","display_name":"Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10195","display_name":"Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10147","display_name":"Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2726","display_name":"Microbiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10593","display_name":"Bacterial biofilms and quorum sensing","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778353156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q415739","display_name":"Cefazolin","level":3,"score":0.9386000037193298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.7451000213623047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135763542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106016","display_name":"Genotype","level":3,"score":0.7389000058174133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160798450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4230870","display_name":"Concordance","level":2,"score":0.5705999732017517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.5562000274658203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781209916","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3215756","display_name":"Typing","level":2,"score":0.522599995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.4830999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.4429999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31467283","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q912147","display_name":"Genotyping","level":4,"score":0.4325999915599823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4284000098705292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779443120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q650912","display_name":"Bacteremia","level":3,"score":0.4230000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127716648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104053","display_name":"Phenotype","level":3,"score":0.41999998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779489039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188121","display_name":"Staphylococcus aureus","level":3,"score":0.37689998745918274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777334864","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34879","display_name":"Staphylococcal infections","level":4,"score":0.3736000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4937899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q68541106","display_name":"Antimicrobial","level":2,"score":0.3188000023365021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C501593827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12187","display_name":"Antibiotics","level":2,"score":0.3149000108242035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779288629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199695","display_name":"Staphylococcus","level":4,"score":0.28630000352859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200844832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5533517","display_name":"Genotype-phenotype distinction","level":4,"score":0.2782000005245209}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1128/mbio.01536-26","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1128/mbio.01536-26","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/mbio.01536-26","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201176","display_name":"mBio","issn_l":"2150-7511","issn":["2150-7511","2161-2129"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320263","host_organization_name":"American Society for Microbiology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320263"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society for Microbiology"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"mBio","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:43012524","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/43012524","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"mBio","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1128/mbio.01536-26","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1128/mbio.01536-26","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/mbio.01536-26","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201176","display_name":"mBio","issn_l":"2150-7511","issn":["2150-7511","2161-2129"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320263","host_organization_name":"American Society for Microbiology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320263"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society for Microbiology"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"mBio","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1540650274","https://openalex.org/W1867591778","https://openalex.org/W1878404532","https://openalex.org/W1907889903","https://openalex.org/W1987400078","https://openalex.org/W1994650313","https://openalex.org/W2012678930","https://openalex.org/W2055613435","https://openalex.org/W2058965595","https://openalex.org/W2060911131","https://openalex.org/W2067082896","https://openalex.org/W2092076850","https://openalex.org/W2105046325","https://openalex.org/W2108072142","https://openalex.org/W2112364185","https://openalex.org/W2116814228","https://openalex.org/W2122792108","https://openalex.org/W2124479680","https://openalex.org/W2145826475","https://openalex.org/W2148274472","https://openalex.org/W2159518679","https://openalex.org/W2168149280","https://openalex.org/W2483646144","https://openalex.org/W2517154996","https://openalex.org/W2528431614","https://openalex.org/W2728361640","https://openalex.org/W2789335054","https://openalex.org/W2804966046","https://openalex.org/W2807891568","https://openalex.org/W2886433327","https://openalex.org/W2918423961","https://openalex.org/W2947803581","https://openalex.org/W2968720570","https://openalex.org/W2987650093","https://openalex.org/W2990582057","https://openalex.org/W2996002762","https://openalex.org/W3006092952","https://openalex.org/W3087695784","https://openalex.org/W3127396194","https://openalex.org/W3153132460","https://openalex.org/W3204976847","https://openalex.org/W3209528471","https://openalex.org/W4214556030","https://openalex.org/W4225988440","https://openalex.org/W4280620107","https://openalex.org/W4313545533","https://openalex.org/W4390976574","https://openalex.org/W4391349289","https://openalex.org/W4396659378","https://openalex.org/W4402965496","https://openalex.org/W4404246515","https://openalex.org/W4405621342","https://openalex.org/W4405670661","https://openalex.org/W4406890690","https://openalex.org/W4409700896","https://openalex.org/W4410312737","https://openalex.org/W4411832886","https://openalex.org/W4416358655","https://openalex.org/W7149526109"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRACT":[0],"The":[1,61],"cefazolin":[2,16,146,307],"inoculum":[3,62,251],"effect":[4,63,252],"(CzIE)":[5,253],"is":[6,212,281,289],"a":[7,68,363,383],"clinically":[8],"relevant":[9],"in":[10,18,45,114,157,165,262,314,396],"vitro":[11],"phenomenon":[12],"that":[13,210,279,301],"may":[14,352,386],"compromise":[15],"efficacy":[17],"high-inoculum":[19,310],"methicillin-susceptible":[20,263],"Staphylococcus":[21,264],"aureus":[22,265],"(MSSA)":[23,266],"infections":[24,399],"such":[25,345],"as":[26,67,190,346,382],"bacteremia":[27],"and":[28,58,79,108,122,140,197,235,245,295,349,371,393],"infective":[29],"endocarditis.":[30],"We":[31,42,277],"aimed":[32],"to":[33,74,93,334],"define":[34,94],"mechanisms":[35],"underlying":[36],"CzIE":[37,44,73,111,211,234,280,340,367,381],"beyond":[38],"BlaZ-dependent":[39],"enzymatic":[40],"pathways.":[41,225],"evaluated":[43],"198":[46],"MSSA":[47,398],"isolates":[48,133,321],"(single":[49],"center)":[50],"by":[51,155,216,221,285],"comparing":[52],"minimum":[53],"inhibitory":[54],"concentrations":[55],"at":[56,178],"standard":[57,302],"high":[59,179],"inoculum.":[60],"index":[64],"was":[65,91,112,163,200],"used":[66,92],"quantitative":[69],"measure":[70],"of":[71,87,116,175,233,259,319,328,339,357],"the":[72,76,84,173,191,229],"validate":[75],"operational":[77],"definition":[78,86],"assess":[80],"its":[81,240,376],"concordance":[82],"with":[83,118,147,182,203,292,342],"classical":[85],"CzIE.":[88],"Whole-genome":[89],"sequencing":[90],"\u03b2-lactamase":[95],"gene":[96,102],"(":[97,104],"blaZ":[98,126,347],")":[99],"allotypes,":[100],"accessory":[101],"regulator":[103],"agr)":[105],"genotypes":[106],"(I\u2013IV),":[107],"clonal":[109,137],"lineages.":[110],"observed":[113,164],"16.16%":[115],"isolates,":[117,159,196],"Type":[119,123],"A":[120],"(71.9%)":[121],"C":[124],"(28.1%)":[125],"allotypes":[127],"predominating":[128],"among":[129,194],"CzIE-positive":[130,158,195,204,320],"strains.":[131],"These":[132,226,360],"were":[134],"enriched":[135],"within":[136],"complex":[138],"CC8":[139],"CC30.":[141],"Twenty-four-hour":[142],"time-kill":[143],"experiments":[144],"combining":[145],"BlaZ":[148],"inhibitor":[149],"(sulbactam)":[150],"demonstrated":[151],"initial":[152],"killing":[153],"followed":[154],"regrowth":[156],"while":[160],"complete":[161],"eradication":[162],"CzIE-negative":[166],"isolates.":[167],"Population":[168],"analysis":[169],"profiles":[170],"(PAP)":[171],"revealed":[172],"expansion":[174],"cefazolin\u2013non-susceptible":[176],"subpopulations":[177],"inoculum,":[180],"consistent":[181],"phenotypic":[183],"heterogeneity.":[184,297],"agr":[185,188,198,222,350],"typing":[186],"identified":[187],"III":[189],"predominant":[192],"genotype":[193,351],"dysfunction":[199],"significantly":[201],"associated":[202,291],"phenotype.":[205],"Together,":[206],"these":[207],"findings":[208,299],"suggest":[209,300],"driven":[213,284],"not":[214,282],"only":[215],"BlaZ-mediated":[217],"activity":[218,287],"but":[219,288],"also":[220],"-dependent":[223],"regulatory":[224],"observations":[227],"highlight":[228],"potential":[230,257],"clinical":[231,377],"importance":[232],"support":[236],"further":[237],"investigation":[238],"into":[239,368],"implications":[241],"for":[242,365],"therapeutic":[243,260,324],"optimization":[244],"improved":[246],"patient":[247,401],"outcomes.":[248],"IMPORTANCE":[249],"Cefazolin":[250],"represents":[254],"an":[255],"underrecognized":[256],"determinant":[258],"failure":[261,308],"infections,":[267],"yet":[268],"it":[269],"remains":[270],"absent":[271],"from":[272],"routine":[273],"susceptibility":[274],"testing":[275,304],"frameworks.":[276],"demonstrate":[278],"solely":[283],"blaZ-mediated":[286],"strongly":[290],"agr-dependent":[293],"regulation":[294],"population":[296],"Our":[298],"MIC":[303],"can":[305],"underestimate":[306],"under":[309],"conditions":[311],"commonly":[312],"encountered":[313],"invasive":[315],"diseases.":[316],"Importantly,":[317],"identification":[318],"could":[322],"inform":[323],"decision-making,":[325],"including":[326],"selection":[327],"alternative":[329],"\u03b2-lactams":[330],"or":[331],"adjunctive":[332],"strategies":[333],"suppress":[335],"tolerant":[336],"subpopulations.":[337],"Integration":[338],"assessment":[341],"genomic":[343],"markers":[344],"allotype":[348],"enable":[353],"more":[354],"precise":[355],"prediction":[356],"treatment":[358,391],"response.":[359],"data":[361],"provide":[362],"framework":[364],"incorporating":[366],"diagnostic":[369],"workflows":[370],"guide":[372],"future":[373],"studies":[374],"evaluating":[375],"utility.":[378],"Ultimately,":[379],"recognizing":[380],"multifactorial":[384],"phenotype":[385],"improve":[387],"antibiotic":[388],"selection,":[389],"reduce":[390],"failure,":[392],"enhance":[394],"outcomes":[395],"serious":[397],"across":[400],"populations.":[402]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2026-11-12T00:00:00"}
