{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225833431","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6c13077","title":"Structural Insights into Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzers after Long-Term Operation Using Advanced 3D Focused Ion Beam\u2013Scanning Electron Microscopy Tomography","display_name":"Structural Insights into Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzers after Long-Term Operation Using Advanced 3D Focused Ion Beam\u2013Scanning Electron Microscopy Tomography","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225833431","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6c13077"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1021/acsami.6c13077","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6c13077","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6c13077","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S164001016","display_name":"ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces","issn_l":"1944-8244","issn":["1944-8244","1944-8252"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320006","host_organization_name":"American Chemical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320006"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Chemical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACS Applied Materials &amp; Interfaces","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6c13077","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114305335","display_name":"Jean\u2010Pierre Poc","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8675-5547","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8675-5547"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I171892758","display_name":"Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich","ror":"https://ror.org/02nv7yv05","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I171892758"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jean-Pierre Poc","raw_affiliation_strings":["Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich , , ,","RWTH Aachen University , , ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich , , ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I171892758"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"RWTH Aachen University , , ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034809306","display_name":"Junbeom Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2548-2985","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2548-2985"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I171892758","display_name":"Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich","ror":"https://ror.org/02nv7yv05","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I171892758"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junbeom Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich , , ,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2548-2985","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich , , ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I171892758"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016147780","display_name":"Lukas Rein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2117-2571","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2117-2571"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I171892758","display_name":"Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich","ror":"https://ror.org/02nv7yv05","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I171892758"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lukas Rein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich , , ,","RWTH Aachen University , , ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich , , ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I171892758"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"RWTH Aachen University , , ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106608833","display_name":"Tobias Mehlkoph","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I171892758","display_name":"Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich","ror":"https://ror.org/02nv7yv05","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I171892758"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tobias Mehlkoph","raw_affiliation_strings":["Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich , , ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich , , ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I171892758"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040496183","display_name":"Tom\u00e1\u0161 \u0160amo\u0159il","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4658-7655","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4658-7655"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I105419764","display_name":"Tescan (Czechia)","ror":"https://ror.org/0556an218","country_code":"CZ","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I105419764"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tom\u00e1\u0161 \u0160amo\u0159il","raw_affiliation_strings":["TESCAN Group , ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TESCAN Group , ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I105419764"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007400239","display_name":"Christine Heume","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9624-9996","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9624-9996"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I171892758","display_name":"Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich","ror":"https://ror.org/02nv7yv05","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I171892758"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christine Heume","raw_affiliation_strings":["Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich , , ,","RWTH Aachen University , , ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich , , ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I171892758"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"RWTH Aachen University , , ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009074830","display_name":"Hans Kungl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3142-3906","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3142-3906"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I171892758","display_name":"Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich","ror":"https://ror.org/02nv7yv05","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I171892758"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hans Kungl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich , , ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich , , ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I171892758"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060514760","display_name":"Eva Jodat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8214-2981","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8214-2981"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I171892758","display_name":"Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich","ror":"https://ror.org/02nv7yv05","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I171892758"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eva Jodat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich , , ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich , , ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I171892758"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041632075","display_name":"Andr\u00e9 Karl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2289-5987","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2289-5987"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I171892758","display_name":"Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich","ror":"https://ror.org/02nv7yv05","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I171892758"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andr\u00e9 Karl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich , , ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich , , ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I171892758"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029866201","display_name":"Shibabrata Basak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4331-4742","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4331-4742"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I171892758","display_name":"Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich","ror":"https://ror.org/02nv7yv05","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I171892758"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shibabrata Basak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich , , ,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4331-4742","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich , , ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I171892758"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089732516","display_name":"R\u00fcdiger\u2010A. Eichel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0013-6325","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0013-6325"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I171892758","display_name":"Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich","ror":"https://ror.org/02nv7yv05","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I171892758"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R\u00fcdiger-A. Eichel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich , , ,","RWTH Aachen University , , ,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0013-6325","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich , , ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I171892758"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"RWTH Aachen University , , ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":4500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4500},"apc_paid":{"value":4500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4500},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10409","display_name":"Fuel Cells and Related Materials","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10409","display_name":"Fuel Cells and Related Materials","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10030","display_name":"Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10311","display_name":"Advancements in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.8118000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132319479","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899619","display_name":"Proton exchange membrane fuel cell","level":3,"score":0.527999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41625074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176088","display_name":"Membrane","level":2,"score":0.48170000314712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87976508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1498213","display_name":"Microstructure","level":2,"score":0.47600001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26771246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321095","display_name":"Scanning electron microscope","level":2,"score":0.47510001063346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9395851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177929","display_name":"Stack (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4702000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161866238","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q258563","display_name":"Focused ion beam","level":3,"score":0.4523000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6648577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622669","display_name":"Porosity","level":2,"score":0.4465000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4381999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.42800000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780841128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5073781","display_name":"Characterization (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.41350001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136525101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5428139","display_name":"Fabrication","level":3,"score":0.41029998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779679103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5251805","display_name":"Degradation (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.384799987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17525397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176140","display_name":"Electrode","level":2,"score":0.38370001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C528581852","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q877","display_name":"Iridium","level":3,"score":0.3833000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35590869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2697332","display_name":"Water splitting","level":4,"score":0.3637000024318695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75806775","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5358194","display_name":"Electron tomography","level":4,"score":0.3402999937534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77671233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q556046","display_name":"Secondary ion mass spectrometry","level":3,"score":0.3352000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6556556","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899239","display_name":"Contact angle","level":2,"score":0.328000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780302529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6815127","display_name":"Membrane electrode assembly","level":4,"score":0.3246000111103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512968161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q556","display_name":"Hydrogen","level":2,"score":0.32190001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161790260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82264","display_name":"Catalysis","level":2,"score":0.31709998846054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54516573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2294","display_name":"Proton","level":2,"score":0.3034999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64297162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1987070","display_name":"Deposition (geology)","level":3,"score":0.30160000920295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118442862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899143","display_name":"Ion plating","level":3,"score":0.2766000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147080431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074953","display_name":"Microscopy","level":2,"score":0.2720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123671423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332329","display_name":"Contact resistance","level":3,"score":0.26420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33989665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5357962","display_name":"Electrocatalyst","level":4,"score":0.2621999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49110097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175233","display_name":"Cathode","level":2,"score":0.25760000944137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992012372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q412272","display_name":"Proton transport","level":3,"score":0.250900000333786}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1021/acsami.6c13077","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6c13077","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6c13077","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S164001016","display_name":"ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces","issn_l":"1944-8244","issn":["1944-8244","1944-8252"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320006","host_organization_name":"American Chemical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320006"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Chemical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACS Applied Materials &amp; Interfaces","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1021/acsami.6c13077","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6c13077","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6c13077","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S164001016","display_name":"ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces","issn_l":"1944-8244","issn":["1944-8244","1944-8252"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320006","host_organization_name":"American Chemical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320006"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Chemical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACS Applied Materials &amp; Interfaces","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":71,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1504193762","https://openalex.org/W1977383959","https://openalex.org/W1994908278","https://openalex.org/W1999455939","https://openalex.org/W2019296206","https://openalex.org/W2020007931","https://openalex.org/W2039136486","https://openalex.org/W2074557613","https://openalex.org/W2254374581","https://openalex.org/W2343606472","https://openalex.org/W2418882698","https://openalex.org/W2514441085","https://openalex.org/W2604115244","https://openalex.org/W2663032788","https://openalex.org/W2754925296","https://openalex.org/W2801638978","https://openalex.org/W2905551702","https://openalex.org/W2942832255","https://openalex.org/W2947992368","https://openalex.org/W2949621490","https://openalex.org/W2973487139","https://openalex.org/W2980831519","https://openalex.org/W3005718972","https://openalex.org/W3009691447","https://openalex.org/W3178047631","https://openalex.org/W3185007382","https://openalex.org/W3203075864","https://openalex.org/W3207986633","https://openalex.org/W4200283993","https://openalex.org/W4295011639","https://openalex.org/W4296785201","https://openalex.org/W4297088752","https://openalex.org/W4311005011","https://openalex.org/W4313419757","https://openalex.org/W4319864572","https://openalex.org/W4320726984","https://openalex.org/W4322769424","https://openalex.org/W4323307304","https://openalex.org/W4324280724","https://openalex.org/W4327956039","https://openalex.org/W4376507827","https://openalex.org/W4377157503","https://openalex.org/W4378085817","https://openalex.org/W4383532794","https://openalex.org/W4385264780","https://openalex.org/W4385497466","https://openalex.org/W4385652137","https://openalex.org/W4386134356","https://openalex.org/W4388190374","https://openalex.org/W4388871812","https://openalex.org/W4389373746","https://openalex.org/W4390578014","https://openalex.org/W4391604030","https://openalex.org/W4392053372","https://openalex.org/W4392723772","https://openalex.org/W4393336412","https://openalex.org/W4393951214","https://openalex.org/W4394060115","https://openalex.org/W4400148169","https://openalex.org/W4400672830","https://openalex.org/W4400782173","https://openalex.org/W4404580439","https://openalex.org/W4405189506","https://openalex.org/W4406220234","https://openalex.org/W4407087511","https://openalex.org/W4409152862","https://openalex.org/W4409363555","https://openalex.org/W4409913338","https://openalex.org/W4414535308","https://openalex.org/W4415783916","https://openalex.org/W7125421105"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Proton":[1],"exchange":[2],"membrane":[3,24,165,214],"water":[4],"electrolyzers":[5],"(PEMWEs)":[6],"are":[7,72,167],"key":[8],"to":[9,32,105,210],"sustainable":[10],"hydrogen":[11],"production,":[12],"but":[13],"their":[14],"long-term":[15],"performance":[16],"is":[17,103],"limited":[18],"by":[19,75,173],"degradation,":[20,215],"particularly":[21],"in":[22,108,135],"the":[23,36,42,64,76,84,162],"electrode":[25],"assembly":[26],"(MEA),":[27],"which":[28],"remains":[29],"a":[30,60,87,188,199],"barrier":[31],"commercial":[33],"viability.":[34],"Moreover,":[35],"need":[37],"for":[38,59,219],"corrosion-resistant":[39],"materials":[40],"and":[41,48,57,69,79,124,156,207,213],"intricate":[43],"fabrication":[44],"of":[45,63,115],"bipolar":[46],"plates":[47],"porous":[49],"transport":[50],"layers":[51],"(PTLs)":[52],"further":[53],"impede":[54],"large-scale":[55],"deployment":[56],"account":[58],"major":[61],"share":[62],"stack":[65],"cost.":[66],"Because":[67],"lifetime":[68],"replacement":[70],"costs":[71],"strongly":[73],"influenced":[74],"local":[77,130,204],"microstructure":[78],"contact":[80,131,179,184,205],"conditions,":[81],"especially":[82],"at":[83,133,177],"anode/PTL":[85],"interface,":[86],"multiscale":[88],"characterization":[89],"approach":[90],"combining":[91],"3D":[92,122],"focused":[93],"ion":[94],"beam\u2013scanning":[95],"electron":[96],"microscopy":[97],"(FIB\u2013SEM)":[98],"with":[99],"time-of-flight":[100],"mass":[101],"spectrometry":[102],"used":[104],"investigate":[106],"degradation":[107,142],"an":[109,136],"MEA":[110],"after":[111],"several":[112],"thousand":[113],"hours":[114],"operation":[116],"under":[117],"industrially":[118],"relevant":[119],"conditions.":[120],"The":[121],"reconstruction":[123],"ppm-level":[125],"chemical":[126],"mapping":[127],"show":[128,187],"that":[129,202],"heterogeneities":[132,209],"welds":[134],"expanded-metal":[137],"mesh":[138],"PTL":[139],"act":[140],"as":[141,158],"hotspots.":[143],"At":[144],"these":[145,170],"sites,":[146,171],"intensified":[147],"catalyst":[148,212],"utilization":[149],"accelerates":[150],"iridium":[151,154],"dissolution,":[152],"driving":[153],"migration":[155],"deposition":[157],"extended":[159],"filaments":[160],"into":[161],"membrane.":[163],"Concurrently,":[164],"voids":[166,193],"formed":[168],"beneath":[169],"accompanied":[172],"iron":[174],"contamination":[175],"detected":[176],"both":[178],"types.":[180],"In":[181],"contrast,":[182],"general":[183],"regions":[185],"mainly":[186],"thin":[189],"redeposition":[190],"layer":[191],"without":[192],"or":[194],"filaments.":[195],"These":[196],"findings":[197],"provide":[198],"mechanistic":[200],"framework":[201],"links":[203],"conditions":[206],"microstructural":[208],"coupled":[211],"supporting":[216],"design":[217],"rules":[218],"improved":[220],"PEMWE":[221],"durability.":[222]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2026-11-12T00:00:00"}
