{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225833232","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bs16112145","title":"The Effect of Task-Irrelevant Location Information in Visual Working Memory of Feature Binding: Manipulation in Test Location","display_name":"The Effect of Task-Irrelevant Location Information in Visual Working Memory of Feature Binding: Manipulation in Test Location","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225833232","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bs16112145"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/bs16112145","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bs16112145","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bs16112145","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210194710","display_name":"Behavioral Sciences","issn_l":"2076-328X","issn":["2076-328X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Behavioral Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bs16112145","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161467234","display_name":"Yanfeng Xie","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I15062923","display_name":"Tianjin Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2td559","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I15062923"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98251732","display_name":"McMaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/02fa3aq29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}],"countries":["CA","CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanfeng Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada","Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I15062923"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161457880","display_name":"Shiyi Li","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I15062923","display_name":"Tianjin Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2td559","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I15062923"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shiyi Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I15062923"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161424845","display_name":"William Bai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7452-4363","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7452-4363"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98251732","display_name":"McMaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/02fa3aq29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William Bai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7452-4363","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086811166","display_name":"\u767d\u5b66\u519b","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I15062923","display_name":"Tianjin Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2td559","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I15062923"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuejun Bai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I15062923"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007991276","display_name":"Hong\u2010Jin Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3084-2527","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3084-2527"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98251732","display_name":"McMaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/02fa3aq29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hong-Jin Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3084-2527","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007991276"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"],"apc_list":{"value":2200,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2654},"apc_paid":{"value":2200,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2654},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"11","first_page":"2145","last_page":"2145"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10427","display_name":"Visual perception and processing mechanisms","score":0.6015999913215637,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10427","display_name":"Visual perception and processing mechanisms","score":0.6015999913215637,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10918","display_name":"Memory Processes and Influences","score":0.2863999903202057,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11577","display_name":"Cognitive Abilities and Testing","score":0.02669999934732914,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.8264999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6460000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6107000112533569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16345878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107472979","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","level":2,"score":0.5501000285148621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107551265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1458245","display_name":"Displacement (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5364000201225281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5142999887466431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.49390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.47920000553131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21963081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11337567","display_name":"Working memory","level":3,"score":0.4790000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.4771000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4496999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178278151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7936607","display_name":"Visual memory","level":3,"score":0.4343000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4083000123500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27853696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3480151","display_name":"Interference theory","level":4,"score":0.3628000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58632812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7936625","display_name":"Visual short-term memory","level":4,"score":0.359499990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.34869998693466187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.31380000710487366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158495155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2369151","display_name":"Visual search","level":2,"score":0.31060001254081726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.30250000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165520287","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18652","display_name":"Iconic memory","level":5,"score":0.27469998598098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.27300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.27230000495910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178253425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162668","display_name":"Visual perception","level":3,"score":0.2721000015735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.26350000500679016}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/bs16112145","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bs16112145","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bs16112145","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210194710","display_name":"Behavioral Sciences","issn_l":"2076-328X","issn":["2076-328X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Behavioral Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/bs16112145","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bs16112145","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bs16112145","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210194710","display_name":"Behavioral Sciences","issn_l":"2076-328X","issn":["2076-328X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Behavioral Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Previous":[0],"research":[1],"has":[2],"demonstrated":[3,25],"that":[4,90,104],"in":[5,26,42,103,134],"visual":[6],"working":[7],"memory":[8,98,116],"task,":[9],"participants":[10],"tend":[11],"to":[12],"process":[13],"each":[14],"item\u2019s":[15,56,81,143],"location":[16,45,57,74,82,145,159,166,172,204,221],"information":[17],"even":[18],"when":[19,247],"it":[20],"is":[21,24],"task-irrelevant.":[22],"This":[23,281],"the":[27,49,55,59,72,91,100,107,130,137,142,147,158,164,171,180,192,201,210,214,220,234,248,257,264],"evidence":[28],"showing":[29],"that,":[30],"compared":[31],"with":[32,79,167,200,256],"testing":[33,41,60,138,148],"an":[34,224],"item":[35,102,175,225],"at":[36,275,278],"its":[37],"original":[38,202],"encoding":[39,73,84,131,150,203,227,286],"location,":[40],"a":[43,112],"new":[44],"impairs":[46],"memory.":[47,190],"For":[48,191,213,233],"location-change":[50],"manipulation,":[51],"previous":[52,101,258,265],"studies":[53],"manipulated":[54],"during":[58,83,129,136,176,226,295],"phase":[61,132],"but":[62],"did":[63,228,238],"not":[64,229,239],"distinguish":[65],"between":[66,146,242],"two":[67,215],"independent":[68],"mechanisms:":[69],"displacement":[70,183,185],"from":[71,97],"(displacement":[75,85],"effect)":[76],"and":[77,133,149,184,244,271],"overlap":[78],"another":[80,174,298],"+":[86],"interference":[87,96,187,294],"effect).":[88],"Note":[89],"latter":[92],"effect":[93],"could":[94],"include":[95],"of":[99,117,173,182,217,289],"location.":[105],"In":[106],"present":[108],"study,":[109],"we":[110,178],"employed":[111],"change-detection":[113],"task":[114],"requiring":[115],"color\u2013orientation":[118],"bindings":[119],"(OLD":[120],"vs":[121],"NEW":[122,235,261],"judgment).":[123],"We":[124],"presented":[125],"multiple":[126],"items":[127],"sequentially":[128],"isolation":[135],"phase.":[139],"During":[140],"testing,":[141],"relative":[144],"phases":[151],"was":[152,160,205],"either":[153],"congruent":[154,199],"or":[155,168,253,287],"incongruent.":[156],"When":[157],"incongruent,":[161],"by":[162,223],"varying":[163],"probe":[165,249],"without":[169],"overlapping":[170],"encoding,":[177],"separated":[179],"effects":[181],"plus":[186],"on":[188],"binding":[189],"OLD":[193],"probes,":[194,236],"performance":[195],"for":[196,209],"test":[197],"locations":[198,246],"much":[206],"better":[207],"than":[208,277],"incongruent":[211,218],"locations.":[212,280],"types":[216],"locations,":[219],"occupied":[222,245,276],"cause":[230],"additional":[231],"impairment.":[232],"accuracy":[237,270],"differ":[240],"significantly":[241],"empty":[243,279],"shared":[250],"only":[251],"orientation":[252],"neither":[254],"feature":[255],"occupant.":[259],"However,":[260],"probes":[262],"sharing":[263],"occupant\u2019s":[266],"color":[267],"showed":[268],"lower":[269],"faster":[272],"correct":[273],"responses":[274],"pattern":[282],"may":[283],"reflect":[284],"preferential":[285],"use":[288],"color\u2013location":[290],"information,":[291],"although":[292],"feature-dependent":[293],"retrieval":[296],"remains":[297],"possible":[299],"explanation.":[300]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2026-11-12T00:00:00"}