{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225833087","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsptsci.6c00507","title":"Natural Cytoskeleton and Programmable Filaments: Bridging Biology, Synthetic Design, and Artificial Cellular Systems","display_name":"Natural Cytoskeleton and Programmable Filaments: Bridging Biology, Synthetic Design, and Artificial Cellular Systems","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225833087","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsptsci.6c00507"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1021/acsptsci.6c00507","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsptsci.6c00507","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsptsci.6c00507","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210207642","display_name":"ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science","issn_l":"2575-9108","issn":["2575-9108"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320006","host_organization_name":"American Chemical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320006"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Chemical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACS Pharmacology &amp; Translational Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114203585","display_name":"Xinzhi Zhou","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinzhi Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang University , , ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang University , , ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006666063","display_name":"Z Weng","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaocheng Weng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang University , , ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang University , , ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059448943","display_name":"Baiyi Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7573-0679","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7573-0679"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Baiyi Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang University , , ,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7573-0679","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang University , , ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081423934","display_name":"Xuye Lang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3295-7872","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3295-7872"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xuye Lang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang University , , ,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3295-7872","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang University , , ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086392121","display_name":"Yuan Yao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5262-5115","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5262-5115"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yuan Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Jiao Tong University , , ,","Zhejiang University , , ,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5262-5115","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University , , ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang University , , ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059448943","https://openalex.org/A5081423934","https://openalex.org/A5086392121"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930","https://openalex.org/I76130692"],"apc_list":{"value":4500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4500},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11419","display_name":"Supramolecular Self-Assembly in Materials","score":0.7588000297546387,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2502","display_name":"Biomaterials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11419","display_name":"Supramolecular Self-Assembly in Materials","score":0.7588000297546387,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2502","display_name":"Biomaterials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10492","display_name":"Microtubule and mitosis dynamics","score":0.1200999990105629,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1307","display_name":"Cell Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10379","display_name":"Cellular Mechanics and Interactions","score":0.03880000114440918,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1307","display_name":"Cell Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191908910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q862838","display_name":"Synthetic biology","level":2,"score":0.753600001335144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174348530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188635","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","level":2,"score":0.6413000226020813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142669718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154626","display_name":"Cytoskeleton","level":3,"score":0.6001999974250793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.515999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.46619999408721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186060115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30336093","display_name":"Biological system","level":1,"score":0.4027999937534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992437751","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2105334","display_name":"Synthetic polymer","level":3,"score":0.3781000077724457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93275456","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q756449","display_name":"Supramolecular chemistry","level":3,"score":0.36629998683929443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152662350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815297","display_name":"Systems biology","level":2,"score":0.3231000006198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131584629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4308705","display_name":"Coupling (piping)","level":2,"score":0.3127000033855438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.30720001459121704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12554922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7100","display_name":"Biophysics","level":1,"score":0.3068000078201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1318750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865663","display_name":"Biocompatible material","level":2,"score":0.3043000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177212765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627335","display_name":"Workflow","level":2,"score":0.3028999865055084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.301800012588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125705527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185269","display_name":"Actin","level":2,"score":0.29170000553131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181104049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11936292","display_name":"Mechanotransduction","level":2,"score":0.2809000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14228908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920483","display_name":"Protein filament","level":2,"score":0.27639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47822265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q854457","display_name":"Complex system","level":2,"score":0.2655999958515167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89429830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735710","display_name":"Scaffold","level":2,"score":0.2612999975681305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20418707","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189933","display_name":"Microtubule","level":2,"score":0.26030001044273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165062768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1145644","display_name":"Biomimetics","level":2,"score":0.2574000060558319}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1021/acsptsci.6c00507","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsptsci.6c00507","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsptsci.6c00507","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210207642","display_name":"ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science","issn_l":"2575-9108","issn":["2575-9108"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320006","host_organization_name":"American Chemical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320006"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Chemical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACS Pharmacology &amp; Translational Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":170,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W51164494","https://openalex.org/W1496642521","https://openalex.org/W1587940648","https://openalex.org/W1965404941","https://openalex.org/W1966350338","https://openalex.org/W1979126565","https://openalex.org/W1984947863","https://openalex.org/W1985936786","https://openalex.org/W1994345832","https://openalex.org/W2007586038","https://openalex.org/W2015005644","https://openalex.org/W2017925059","https://openalex.org/W2018917950","https://openalex.org/W2027382153","https://openalex.org/W2027467958","https://openalex.org/W2031929692","https://openalex.org/W2035468215","https://openalex.org/W2036000517","https://openalex.org/W2042078404","https://openalex.org/W2047093393","https://openalex.org/W2055521207","https://openalex.org/W2057337811","https://openalex.org/W2064071063","https://openalex.org/W2065663412","https://openalex.org/W2070609112","https://openalex.org/W2073049453","https://openalex.org/W2073353027","https://openalex.org/W2082044376","https://openalex.org/W2082487283","https://openalex.org/W2086955190","https://openalex.org/W2090521614","https://openalex.org/W2092065899","https://openalex.org/W2115561264","https://openalex.org/W2122782850","https://openalex.org/W2125771481","https://openalex.org/W2126496496","https://openalex.org/W2132250375","https://openalex.org/W2138424169","https://openalex.org/W2138717221","https://openalex.org/W2138879453","https://openalex.org/W2145367033","https://openalex.org/W2149374899","https://openalex.org/W2150080671","https://openalex.org/W2157510549","https://openalex.org/W2158950505","https://openalex.org/W2161332583","https://openalex.org/W2162437456","https://openalex.org/W2163802608","https://openalex.org/W2169964409","https://openalex.org/W2171122741","https://openalex.org/W2172137330","https://openalex.org/W2218922061","https://openalex.org/W2302501749","https://openalex.org/W2520157639","https://openalex.org/W2531093921","https://openalex.org/W2548027654","https://openalex.org/W2567508165","https://openalex.org/W2604210857","https://openalex.org/W2606595919","https://openalex.org/W2617320243","https://openalex.org/W2734761116","https://openalex.org/W2737063174","https://openalex.org/W2745261779","https://openalex.org/W2755452354","https://openalex.org/W2762278743","https://openalex.org/W2766380923","https://openalex.org/W2790807198","https://openalex.org/W2793999260","https://openalex.org/W2799809717","https://openalex.org/W2886633930","https://openalex.org/W2914263145","https://openalex.org/W2938803199","https://openalex.org/W2940091552","https://openalex.org/W2942248595","https://openalex.org/W2944307723","https://openalex.org/W2945320828","https://openalex.org/W2965221998","https://openalex.org/W2969038429","https://openalex.org/W2999731608","https://openalex.org/W3007750899","https://openalex.org/W3014799460","https://openalex.org/W3021245087","https://openalex.org/W3035767355","https://openalex.org/W3038929236","https://openalex.org/W3042286139","https://openalex.org/W3049621311","https://openalex.org/W3080621423","https://openalex.org/W3103359991","https://openalex.org/W3106238133","https://openalex.org/W3118601165","https://openalex.org/W3123876379","https://openalex.org/W3124253660","https://openalex.org/W3126942531","https://openalex.org/W3146944767","https://openalex.org/W3152389647","https://openalex.org/W3166451328","https://openalex.org/W3167771371","https://openalex.org/W3167883963","https://openalex.org/W3193493760","https://openalex.org/W3194916623","https://openalex.org/W3200292774","https://openalex.org/W3200842915","https://openalex.org/W3202929439","https://openalex.org/W4210330926","https://openalex.org/W4210799783","https://openalex.org/W4211147581","https://openalex.org/W4223613691","https://openalex.org/W4280564485","https://openalex.org/W4280589488","https://openalex.org/W4283158868","https://openalex.org/W4293178204","https://openalex.org/W4296032638","https://openalex.org/W4296293242","https://openalex.org/W4297982854","https://openalex.org/W4308179247","https://openalex.org/W4309245879","https://openalex.org/W4310457500","https://openalex.org/W4311674934","https://openalex.org/W4313423306","https://openalex.org/W4321487524","https://openalex.org/W4322619695","https://openalex.org/W4361190348","https://openalex.org/W4365150121","https://openalex.org/W4378907322","https://openalex.org/W4381542525","https://openalex.org/W4383822467","https://openalex.org/W4383957026","https://openalex.org/W4385556838","https://openalex.org/W4385765435","https://openalex.org/W4386423803","https://openalex.org/W4386983949","https://openalex.org/W4387012361","https://openalex.org/W4388033833","https://openalex.org/W4388522980","https://openalex.org/W4388694364","https://openalex.org/W4389304725","https://openalex.org/W4391169059","https://openalex.org/W4391544240","https://openalex.org/W4391629229","https://openalex.org/W4391646139","https://openalex.org/W4391830788","https://openalex.org/W4391885835","https://openalex.org/W4392544734","https://openalex.org/W4392810886","https://openalex.org/W4392975694","https://openalex.org/W4393552888","https://openalex.org/W4393851449","https://openalex.org/W4394681219","https://openalex.org/W4394856301","https://openalex.org/W4394881895","https://openalex.org/W4396721167","https://openalex.org/W4396863938","https://openalex.org/W4399381836","https://openalex.org/W4401705169","https://openalex.org/W4402827655","https://openalex.org/W4403325385","https://openalex.org/W4403663573","https://openalex.org/W4404607684","https://openalex.org/W4406034710","https://openalex.org/W4406440058","https://openalex.org/W4406472463","https://openalex.org/W4407199666","https://openalex.org/W4408502159","https://openalex.org/W4408739977","https://openalex.org/W4412780842","https://openalex.org/W4414169548","https://openalex.org/W4415890403","https://openalex.org/W4415929062","https://openalex.org/W7171735032","https://openalex.org/W7203797225"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Protein":[1],"filaments,":[2,8,88],"comprising":[3],"microtubules,":[4],"actin,":[5],"and":[6,26,32,66,71,81,86,116,126,132,168],"intermediate":[7],"form":[9],"the":[10,78,96,159],"eukaryotic":[11],"cytoskeleton":[12],"through":[13,34],"dynamic":[14],"self-assembly":[15,92],"governed":[16],"by":[17],"noncovalent":[18],"interactions.":[19],"These":[20],"structures":[21],"orchestrate":[22],"cellular":[23],"mechanics,":[24],"architecture,":[25],"critical":[27],"functions,":[28],"including":[29,63],"motility,":[30],"division,":[31],"transport,":[33,70],"precise":[35],"spatiotemporal":[36],"regulation":[37],"of":[38,98,161],"their":[39],"polymerization":[40],"cycles.":[41],"Recent":[42],"advances":[43],"in":[44,145],"synthetic":[45,49,87,110,138,163],"biology":[46],"have":[47],"established":[48],"cytoskeletal":[50],"systems":[51,139],"using":[52],"programmable":[53,99],"building":[54],"blocks":[55],"that":[56],"recapitulate":[57],"or":[58,123],"extend":[59],"native":[60],"filament":[61],"functionalities,":[62],"controllable":[64],"assembly":[65],"disassembly,":[67],"directional":[68,121],"cargo":[69],"mechanochemical":[72],"signal":[73],"transduction.":[74],"This":[75],"review":[76],"examines":[77],"evolutionary":[79],"parallels":[80],"design":[82,106],"divergences":[83],"between":[84,129],"natural":[85,143],"emphasizing":[89],"how":[90],"biological":[91],"principles":[93,107],"can":[94],"guide":[95],"engineering":[97,175],"architectures.":[100],"Comparative":[101],"analysis":[102],"identifies":[103],"four":[104],"interconnected":[105],"for":[108],"next-generation":[109],"filaments:":[111],"tunable":[112],"mechanical":[113],"properties,":[114],"reversible":[115],"energy-coupled":[117],"nonequilibrium":[118],"assembly,":[119],"efficient":[120],"transport":[122],"force":[124],"generation,":[125],"feedback-controlled":[127],"coupling":[128],"chemical":[130],"signals":[131],"supramolecular":[133],"organization.":[134],"Despite":[135],"substantial":[136],"progress,":[137],"still":[140],"lag":[141],"behind":[142],"cytoskeletons":[144],"integrating":[146],"these":[147],"properties":[148],"within":[149],"a":[150],"single":[151],"autonomous":[152],"platform.":[153],"Bridging":[154],"this":[155],"gap":[156],"will":[157],"require":[158],"convergence":[160],"biophysics,":[162],"biology,":[164],"AI-guided":[165],"molecular":[166],"design,":[167],"automated":[169],"Design\u2013Build\u2013Test\u2013Learn":[170],"workflows":[171],"to":[172],"connect":[173],"molecular-scale":[174],"with":[176],"adaptive":[177],"cellular-scale":[178],"function.":[179]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2026-11-12T00:00:00"}
