{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225832810","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12145-026-02298-1","title":"Annual sampling frequency and false-negative probability in water-quality threshold-exceedance detection: an exact conditional analysis of the Buranh\u00e9m River, Bahia, Brazil","display_name":"Annual sampling frequency and false-negative probability in water-quality threshold-exceedance detection: an exact conditional analysis of the Buranh\u00e9m River, Bahia, Brazil","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225832810","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12145-026-02298-1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s12145-026-02298-1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12145-026-02298-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12145-026-02298-1","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12145-026-02298-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S198914822","display_name":"Earth Science Informatics","issn_l":"1865-0473","issn":["1865-0473","1865-0481"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Earth Science Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12145-026-02298-1.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017212228","display_name":"Vinicius Saraiva Santos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1387-7927","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1387-7927"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096578","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia","ror":"https://ror.org/00ajzsc28","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096578"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Vinicius Saraiva Santos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Postgraduate Program in Biosystems (PPGBIO), Center for Training in Agroforestry Sciences (CFCaf), Federal University of Southern Bahia (UFSB), Itabuna, Bahia, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1387-7927","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Postgraduate Program in Biosystems (PPGBIO), Center for Training in Agroforestry Sciences (CFCaf), Federal University of Southern Bahia (UFSB), Itabuna, Bahia, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096578"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080304431","display_name":"Fabr\u00edcio Berton Zanchi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8074-2893","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8074-2893"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096578","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia","ror":"https://ror.org/00ajzsc28","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096578"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabr\u00edcio Berton Zanchi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Postgraduate Program in Biosystems (PPGBIO), Center for Training in Agroforestry Sciences (CFCaf), Federal University of Southern Bahia (UFSB), Itabuna, Bahia, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8074-2893","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Postgraduate Program in Biosystems (PPGBIO), Center for Training in Agroforestry Sciences (CFCaf), Federal University of Southern Bahia (UFSB), Itabuna, Bahia, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096578"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5017212228"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096578"],"apc_list":{"value":3890,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3890},"apc_paid":{"value":3890,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3890},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"12","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12773","display_name":"Water Quality and Resources Studies","score":0.8140000104904175,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12773","display_name":"Water Quality and Resources Studies","score":0.8140000104904175,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11634","display_name":"Water Quality and Pollution Assessment","score":0.06650000065565109,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14427","display_name":"Environmental Monitoring and Data Management","score":0.04690000042319298,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.7703999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140779682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210868","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","level":3,"score":0.652899980545044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19499675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232207","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","level":2,"score":0.6194999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156340839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2704791","display_name":"Enumeration","level":2,"score":0.6098999977111816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20353970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056998","display_name":"Simple random sample","level":3,"score":0.6011999845504761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.5938000082969666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148220186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7111912","display_name":"Outcome (game theory)","level":2,"score":0.5608000159263611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44492722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327069","display_name":"Conditional probability","level":2,"score":0.5235999822616577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993010571","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49908","display_name":"Probability sampling","level":3,"score":0.5163000226020813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4880000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126691448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2028919","display_name":"Magnitude (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.4523000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.38690000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.38359999656677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.3797999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129848803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2564360","display_name":"Sample size determination","level":2,"score":0.3734999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49698424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1989192","display_name":"Law of total probability","level":4,"score":0.3619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58489278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172284","display_name":"Data set","level":2,"score":0.3352000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43555835","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2300258","display_name":"Conditional probability distribution","level":2,"score":0.33059999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.3253999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158424031","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1191905","display_name":"Gibbs sampling","level":3,"score":0.3151000142097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49898467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1517706","display_name":"Stratified sampling","level":2,"score":0.31220000982284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52740198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1539564","display_name":"Importance sampling","level":3,"score":0.3100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.28519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149441793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200726","display_name":"Probability distribution","level":2,"score":0.2842999994754791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779662365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5416694","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","level":2,"score":0.2531999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103000020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1978426","display_name":"Nested set model","level":3,"score":0.2524000108242035}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s12145-026-02298-1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12145-026-02298-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12145-026-02298-1","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12145-026-02298-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S198914822","display_name":"Earth Science Informatics","issn_l":"1865-0473","issn":["1865-0473","1865-0481"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Earth Science Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s12145-026-02298-1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12145-026-02298-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12145-026-02298-1","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12145-026-02298-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S198914822","display_name":"Earth Science Informatics","issn_l":"1865-0473","issn":["1865-0473","1865-0481"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Earth Science Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225832810.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225832810.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1986149122","https://openalex.org/W1998744855","https://openalex.org/W2492277292","https://openalex.org/W2803630427","https://openalex.org/W2899072250","https://openalex.org/W3014177435","https://openalex.org/W3015202782","https://openalex.org/W3037198439","https://openalex.org/W3091832416","https://openalex.org/W3134723309","https://openalex.org/W4281621378","https://openalex.org/W4308310083","https://openalex.org/W4387358545","https://openalex.org/W4391101810","https://openalex.org/W4402505909","https://openalex.org/W4403046605","https://openalex.org/W4408728742","https://openalex.org/W4412678135","https://openalex.org/W7093097961"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Routine":[1],"monitoring":[2,223],"captures":[3],"conditions":[4],"present":[5],"during":[6,36],"sampling,":[7],"so":[8,181],"sparse":[9],"schedules":[10,66],"may":[11],"fail":[12],"to":[13,62,69,86,135,192],"encounter":[14],"threshold":[15],"exceedances":[16],"recorded":[17,77],"at":[18,74,90,195,201],"other":[19],"times":[20],"in":[21],"the":[22,38,83,96,120,158,161,165,173,186,190,209],"same":[23],"year.":[24],"Using":[25],"106":[26],"Class":[27],"2":[28],"freshwater":[29],"campaigns":[30,71,198],"from":[31],"five":[32],"Buranh\u00e9m":[33],"River":[34],"sites":[35],"2015\u20132024,":[37],"analysis":[39,191],"examined":[40],"seven":[41],"water-quality":[42],"parameters":[43],"and":[44,102,126,131,142,151,213],"a":[45,220],"composite":[46,121],"any-exceedance":[47],"outcome":[48,122],"within":[49],"site-years.":[50],"Exact":[51],"finite-population":[52,182],"probabilities":[53,118,138],"were":[54,123],"calculated":[55],"for":[56,95,119,128],"each":[57],"positive":[58,112],"annual":[59],"reference":[60],"set":[61],"determine":[63],"whether":[64],"hypothetical":[65],"of":[67,139,160,172,208],"one":[68,76],"four":[70,197],"would":[72],"include":[73],"least":[75,91,196],"exceedance.":[78],"Fixed":[79],"common":[80],"support":[81],"defined":[82],"primary":[84],"one-":[85],"three-campaign":[87,187],"comparison,":[88],"requiring":[89],"three":[92,132,178,202],"classifiable":[93,179],"results":[94,205],"target":[97],"outcome;":[98],"Monte":[99],"Carlo":[100],"simulation":[101],"independent":[103],"enumeration":[104],"served":[105],"only":[106],"as":[107],"computational":[108],"verification.":[109],"Across":[110],"20":[111,174],"common-support":[113],"site-years,":[114],"mean":[115],"conditional":[116,136],"detection":[117],"58.3%,":[124],"87.9%,":[125],"95.8%":[127],"one,":[129],"two,":[130],"campaigns,":[133,180],"corresponding":[134],"false-negative":[137],"41.7%,":[140],"12.1%,":[141],"4.2%.":[143],"Annual":[144],"simple":[145],"random":[146],"sampling":[147,169],"yielded":[148,199],"53.9%,":[149],"79.5%,":[150],"94.3%,":[152],"indicating":[153],"that":[154],"temporal":[155],"allocation":[156],"affected":[157],"magnitude":[159],"estimates":[162],"but":[163],"not":[164],"observed":[166,210],"increase":[167],"with":[168,194],"frequency.":[170,224],"Twelve":[171],"site-years":[175,193],"contained":[176],"exactly":[177],"exhaustion":[183],"partly":[184],"influenced":[185],"estimate;":[188],"restricting":[189],"89.6%":[200],"campaigns.":[203],"These":[204],"describe":[206],"subsampling":[207],"historical":[211],"record":[212],"neither":[214],"estimate":[215],"unobserved":[216],"events":[217],"nor":[218],"establish":[219],"universal":[221],"minimum":[222]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2026-11-12T00:00:00"}