{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225832073","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo16110879","title":"Investigating the Acute Effects of American Ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) on Naturally Aged Rats: A Study Using Serum and Brain Metabolomics Analysis","display_name":"Investigating the Acute Effects of American Ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) on Naturally Aged Rats: A Study Using Serum and Brain Metabolomics Analysis","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225832073","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo16110879"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/metabo16110879","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo16110879","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo16110879","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764402194","display_name":"Metabolites","issn_l":"2218-1989","issn":["2218-1989"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Metabolites","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo16110879","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006555612","display_name":"Xiang Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7259-1311","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7259-1311"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I53411278","display_name":"Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/00pcrz470","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I53411278"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiang Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China","Shijiazhuang Food and Drug Inspection Center, Shijiazhuang 050000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I53411278"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shijiazhuang Food and Drug Inspection Center, Shijiazhuang 050000, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161481466","display_name":"Qian Gong","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qian Gong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shijiazhuang Food and Drug Inspection Center, Shijiazhuang 050000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shijiazhuang Food and Drug Inspection Center, Shijiazhuang 050000, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161470363","display_name":"Na Zhu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Na Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shijiazhuang Food and Drug Inspection Center, Shijiazhuang 050000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shijiazhuang Food and Drug Inspection Center, Shijiazhuang 050000, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161475129","display_name":"Ke Xu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ke Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shijiazhuang Intellectual Property Protection Center, Shijiazhuang 050000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shijiazhuang Intellectual Property Protection Center, Shijiazhuang 050000, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161438928","display_name":"Lifang Yang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lifang Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shijiazhuang Food and Drug Inspection Center, Shijiazhuang 050000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shijiazhuang Food and Drug Inspection Center, Shijiazhuang 050000, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077971488","display_name":"Bo Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1121-5368","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1121-5368"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405281860","display_name":"Sichuan College of Traditional Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/04zsgbq10","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405281860"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bo Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Pharmacy, Sichuan College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Mianyang 621000, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1121-5368","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Pharmacy, Sichuan College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Mianyang 621000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405281860"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5157490750","display_name":"Zhuyun Yan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I53411278","display_name":"Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/00pcrz470","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I53411278"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhuyun Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I53411278"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5077971488","https://openalex.org/A5157490750"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405281860","https://openalex.org/I53411278"],"apc_list":{"value":2700,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3258},"apc_paid":{"value":2700,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3258},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"11","first_page":"879","last_page":"879"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11889","display_name":"Ginseng Biological Effects and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3004","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11889","display_name":"Ginseng Biological Effects and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3004","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13651","display_name":"Medicinal Plants and Bioactive Compounds","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2707","display_name":"Complementary and alternative medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11709","display_name":"Traditional Chinese Medicine Analysis","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2707","display_name":"Complementary and alternative medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779232237","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20817212","display_name":"Ginseng","level":3,"score":0.8458999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778148229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2737217","display_name":"American ginseng","level":4,"score":0.7182000279426575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6055999994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.5764999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776219046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162657","display_name":"Neurotransmitter","level":3,"score":0.5679000020027161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778004101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133948","display_name":"Antioxidant","level":2,"score":0.550599992275238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898814","display_name":"Oxidative stress","level":2,"score":0.5449000000953674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187714386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420225","display_name":"Monoamine neurotransmitter","level":4,"score":0.5224000215530396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21565614","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12149006","display_name":"Metabolomics","level":2,"score":0.44119998812675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529278444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47273","display_name":"Central nervous system","level":2,"score":0.353300005197525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.32010000944137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.31619998812675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C500499127","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332154","display_name":"Ageing","level":2,"score":0.31450000405311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.3003999888896942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910715078","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162657","display_name":"Neurotransmitter Agents","level":4,"score":0.2799000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778402981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221694","display_name":"Blood\u2013brain barrier","level":3,"score":0.274399995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780035454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8386","display_name":"Drug","level":2,"score":0.26600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42407357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q521","display_name":"Physiology","level":1,"score":0.26249998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17077164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1185869","display_name":"Inhibitory postsynaptic potential","level":2,"score":0.25130000710487366}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/metabo16110879","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo16110879","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo16110879","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764402194","display_name":"Metabolites","issn_l":"2218-1989","issn":["2218-1989"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Metabolites","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/metabo16110879","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo16110879","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo16110879","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764402194","display_name":"Metabolites","issn_l":"2218-1989","issn":["2218-1989"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Metabolites","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1604146230","https://openalex.org/W1929209160","https://openalex.org/W1964737749","https://openalex.org/W1992848727","https://openalex.org/W2009087480","https://openalex.org/W2023339504","https://openalex.org/W2026344745","https://openalex.org/W2031034134","https://openalex.org/W2040235645","https://openalex.org/W2042828837","https://openalex.org/W2067433108","https://openalex.org/W2096341267","https://openalex.org/W2109902553","https://openalex.org/W2114940674","https://openalex.org/W2123547924","https://openalex.org/W2129334057","https://openalex.org/W2134806201","https://openalex.org/W2143677012","https://openalex.org/W2146803949","https://openalex.org/W2152330036","https://openalex.org/W2157155711","https://openalex.org/W2195459026","https://openalex.org/W2303503280","https://openalex.org/W2561291287","https://openalex.org/W2565159046","https://openalex.org/W2588350470","https://openalex.org/W2773911072","https://openalex.org/W2777809930","https://openalex.org/W2784734859","https://openalex.org/W2887386139","https://openalex.org/W2889437581","https://openalex.org/W2890724834","https://openalex.org/W2895430781","https://openalex.org/W2946212212","https://openalex.org/W2953450052","https://openalex.org/W3043091451","https://openalex.org/W4221003746","https://openalex.org/W4281753424","https://openalex.org/W4282835538","https://openalex.org/W4283752923","https://openalex.org/W4306165420","https://openalex.org/W4391027809","https://openalex.org/W4392717604","https://openalex.org/W4393031916","https://openalex.org/W4400892026","https://openalex.org/W4400964132","https://openalex.org/W4408332640","https://openalex.org/W4413362902","https://openalex.org/W4413990557","https://openalex.org/W7204140625"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"American":[1,84,121,131,211,264,307,350],"ginseng,":[2,308],"scientifically":[3],"known":[4],"as":[5,23],"Panax":[6],"quinquefolius":[7],"L.":[8],"(Araliaceae),":[9],"is":[10],"a":[11,127,172],"legally":[12],"recognized":[13],"medicinal":[14,327],"and":[15,26,41,66,74,102,111,145,155,169,194,217,222,236,239,252,257,272,277,281,286,289,329,346],"edible":[16],"resource.":[17],"Its":[18],"roots":[19],"serve":[20],"dual":[21],"purposes":[22],"both":[24],"medicine":[25],"food.":[27],"The":[28,182,204,293],"primary":[29],"active":[30],"components":[31],"are":[32],"ginsenosides,":[33],"which":[34],"exhibit":[35],"various":[36],"pharmacological":[37],"activities,":[38],"including":[39],"antioxidant":[40,197],"anti-fatigue":[42],"effects.":[43,333],"A":[44],"single-dose":[45],"administration":[46],"in":[47,78,147,174,201,225,262,270],"healthy":[48],"adult":[49],"models":[50],"has":[51],"demonstrated":[52],"its":[53,331],"regulatory":[54],"effects":[55],"on":[56],"cardiac":[57],"contraction,":[58],"blood":[59,101],"glucose":[60],"levels,":[61],"body":[62],"temperature,":[63],"metabolic":[64,72,299,316],"parameters,":[65],"emotional":[67],"cognition.":[68],"However,":[69],"the":[70,108,135,150,175,195,215,226,232,246,250,263,297,315,342],"acute":[71,118],"responses":[73],"their":[75],"underlying":[76,112],"mechanisms":[77,113],"naturally":[79],"aged":[80,93,180,202,229,247,320],"rats":[81],"exposed":[82],"to":[83,96,106,130,306,322,340],"ginseng":[85,132,212,265],"remain":[86],"unclear.":[87],"Methods:":[88],"This":[89],"study":[90],"employed":[91],"an":[92],"rat":[94],"model":[95],"conduct":[97],"comprehensive":[98],"analyses":[99],"of":[100,120,138,167,179,206,219,228,319,349],"brain":[103,253],"tissues,":[104],"aiming":[105],"characterize":[107],"physiological":[109],"changes":[110],"associated":[114],"with":[115,245],"ageing":[116],"following":[117],"supplementation":[119],"ginseng.":[122,351],"Results:":[123],"Findings":[124],"revealed":[125],"that":[126,189,210],"single":[128,304],"exposure":[129,305],"significantly":[133],"improved":[134,163,183],"concentration":[136,186],"levels":[137,166,187],"BNP,":[139],"NE,":[140],"E,":[141],"Ang":[142],"II,":[143],"ALD,":[144],"5-HT":[146],"serum,":[148],"modulates":[149],"peripheral":[151],"sympathetic":[152],"nervous":[153],"system":[154],"RAAS":[156],"axis,":[157],"inducing":[158,171],"neurohumoral":[159],"alterations.":[160],"It":[161],"also":[162],"enzyme":[164],"activity":[165],"SDH":[168],"LDH":[170],"shift":[173],"energy":[176],"metabolism":[177],"phenotype":[178],"rats;":[181],"MDA":[184],"serum":[185,251],"indicate":[188],"oxidative":[190],"damage":[191],"was":[192,199],"alleviated":[193],"body\u2019s":[196],"capacity":[198],"enhanced":[200],"rats.":[203],"results":[205,295],"neurotransmitter":[207,242],"studies":[208],"suggest":[209],"can":[213],"alter":[214],"content":[216],"ratios":[218],"amino":[220],"acid":[221],"monoamine":[223],"neurotransmitters":[224],"brains":[227],"rats,":[230],"modify":[231],"balance":[233],"between":[234],"excitatory":[235],"inhibitory":[237],"neurotransmitters,":[238],"improve":[240],"stress-related":[241],"levels.":[243],"Compared":[244],"control":[248],"group,":[249,266],"metabolomics":[254],"identified":[255],"18":[256],"22":[258],"differentially":[259],"expressed":[260],"metabolites":[261],"respectively,":[267],"primarily":[268],"enriched":[269],"arginine":[271],"proline":[273],"metabolism,":[274,279,283,285],"glycine,":[275],"serine,":[276],"threonine":[278],"cysteine":[280],"methionine":[282],"tyrosine":[284],"alanine,":[287],"aspartate,":[288],"glutamate":[290],"metabolism.":[291],"Conclusions:":[292],"aforementioned":[294],"demonstrate":[296],"multi-pathway":[298],"perturbation":[300],"characteristics":[301],"induced":[302],"by":[303],"providing":[309],"novel":[310],"experimental":[311],"evidence":[312,339],"for":[313],"understanding":[314],"response":[317],"patterns":[318],"organisms":[321],"exogenous":[323],"stimulation":[324],"from":[325],"this":[326],"herb":[328],"investigating":[330],"biological":[332],"These":[334],"findings":[335],"provide":[336],"new":[337],"scientific":[338],"support":[341],"expanded":[343],"functional":[344],"positioning":[345],"health":[347],"value":[348]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2026-11-12T00:00:00"}