{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225831691","doi":"https://doi.org/10.71282/jurmie.v3i11.2686","title":"RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DURATION OF TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS AND TYPE OF DIABETIC RETINOPATHY IN OUTPATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS","display_name":"RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DURATION OF TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS AND TYPE OF DIABETIC RETINOPATHY IN OUTPATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225831691","doi":"https://doi.org/10.71282/jurmie.v3i11.2686"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.journal.hasbaedukasi.co.id:article/2686","doi":"https://doi.org/10.71282/jurmie.v3i11.2686","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://journal.hasbaedukasi.co.id/index.php/jurmie/article/view/2686","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407048076","display_name":"Jurnal Riset Multidisiplin Edukasi","issn_l":"3062-9624","issn":["3062-9624"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"10.71282/jurmie.v3i11","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://journal.hasbaedukasi.co.id/index.php/jurmie/article/view/2686","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161478359","display_name":"Salva Levya Dewi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108557","display_name":"Sultan Agung Islamic University","ror":"https://ror.org/015hejj83","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210108557"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Salva Levya Dewi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Islam Sultan Agung Semarang"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Islam Sultan Agung Semarang","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108557"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139104040","display_name":"Mohamad Arif","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108557","display_name":"Sultan Agung Islamic University","ror":"https://ror.org/015hejj83","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210108557"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamad Arif","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Islam Sultan Agung Semarang"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Islam Sultan Agung Semarang","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108557"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108557"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10170","display_name":"Retinal Diseases and Treatments","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10170","display_name":"Retinal Diseases and Treatments","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10560","display_name":"Diabetes Management and Research","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10408","display_name":"Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2727","display_name":"Nephrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910068830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3025883","display_name":"Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","level":3,"score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779829184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631361","display_name":"Diabetic retinopathy","level":3,"score":0.8151999711990356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.7257000207901001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778313320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q550455","display_name":"Retinopathy","level":3,"score":0.7153000235557556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.6827999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780221984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131191","display_name":"Body mass index","level":2,"score":0.5519999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50440223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1475848","display_name":"Risk factor","level":2,"score":0.4546999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777180221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3025883","display_name":"Type 2 diabetes","level":3,"score":0.4018999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23131810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q818574","display_name":"Observational study","level":2,"score":0.3693999946117401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777466421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1266890","display_name":"Vascular disease","level":2,"score":0.31769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.3084999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.2937000095844269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778096610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1476525","display_name":"Dyslipidemia","level":3,"score":0.27970001101493835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90924648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120569","display_name":"Gastroenterology","level":1,"score":0.2718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776513394","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412400","display_name":"Microangiopathy","level":3,"score":0.26809999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146304588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q961652","display_name":"Case-control study","level":2,"score":0.260699987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81182388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q353963","display_name":"Complication","level":2,"score":0.25450000166893005}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.journal.hasbaedukasi.co.id:article/2686","doi":"https://doi.org/10.71282/jurmie.v3i11.2686","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://journal.hasbaedukasi.co.id/index.php/jurmie/article/view/2686","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407048076","display_name":"Jurnal Riset Multidisiplin Edukasi","issn_l":"3062-9624","issn":["3062-9624"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"10.71282/jurmie.v3i11","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.journal.hasbaedukasi.co.id:article/2686","doi":"https://doi.org/10.71282/jurmie.v3i11.2686","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://journal.hasbaedukasi.co.id/index.php/jurmie/article/view/2686","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407048076","display_name":"Jurnal Riset Multidisiplin Edukasi","issn_l":"3062-9624","issn":["3062-9624"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"10.71282/jurmie.v3i11","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Type":[0],"2":[1],"diabetes":[2,54],"mellitus":[3,55],"(T2DM)":[4],"is":[5,43,57,71],"the":[6,46,69,85,88,93,162,257,278],"most":[7,47,169],"common":[8,35],"type":[9,94,145,190,210,245,279],"of":[10,45,53,90,95,119,199,219,259,280],"diabetes.":[11],"Chronic":[12],"hyperglycemia":[13],"in":[14,98,223,229,264],"T2DM":[15,91,121,186,260],"can":[16],"damage":[17],"blood":[18],"vessels,":[19],"causing":[20],"both":[21],"macroangiopathy":[22],"and":[23,32,39,77,92,129,141,188,236,261],"microangiopathy.":[24],"Microvascular":[25],"complications":[26],"tend":[27],"to":[28,73,83],"develop":[29],"more":[30,34],"rapidly":[31],"are":[33],"than":[36],"macrovascular":[37],"complications,":[38],"diabetic":[40,96,150,155,262,281],"retinopathy":[41,97,151,156,263],"(DR)":[42],"one":[44],"frequent":[48],"microvascular":[49],"complications.":[50],"The":[51,116,165,178,217],"duration":[52,89,187,258],"(DM)":[56],"considered":[58],"a":[59,113],"risk":[60],"factor":[61],"for":[62],"DR":[63,144,189,209,244],"because":[64],"it":[65],"determines":[66],"how":[67],"long":[68],"retina":[70],"exposed":[72],"hyperglycemia,":[74],"oxidative":[75],"stress,":[76],"endothelial":[78],"damage.":[79],"This":[80,106],"study":[81,111],"aimed":[82],"determine":[84],"relationship":[86,184,255],"between":[87,185,256],"patients":[99,122,230,265],"at":[100,266],"Sultan":[101,267],"Agung":[102,268],"Islamic":[103,269],"Hospital,":[104,270],"Semarang.":[105],"was":[107,146,205,221,252,274],"an":[108],"analytic":[109],"observational":[110],"with":[112,123,208,227,243,277],"cross-sectional":[114],"design.":[115],"sample":[117],"consisted":[118],"54":[120],"DR,":[124],"selected":[125],"by":[126,134],"consecutive":[127],"sampling":[128],"divided":[130],"into":[131],"three":[132],"groups":[133],"DM":[135],"duration:":[136],"<5":[137],"years,":[138,140],"5\u201310":[139],">10":[142],"years.":[143],"classified":[147],"as":[148],"non-proliferative":[149],"(NPDR)":[152],"or":[153],"proliferative":[154],"(PDR).":[157],"Data":[158],"were":[159,240],"analyzed":[160],"using":[161],"Chi-Square":[163,179],"test.":[164],"results":[166],"showed":[167,181,202],"that":[168,203],"subjects":[170],"had":[171,176],"PDR":[172,220],"(68.5%),":[173],"while":[174],"31.5%":[175],"NPDR.":[177],"test":[180],"no":[182,253],"significant":[183,254],"(p":[191,211,246],"=":[192,196,215],"0.709;":[193],"Cramer's":[194],"V":[195],"0.113).":[197],"Analysis":[198],"other":[200],"factors":[201],"hypertension":[204,273],"significantly":[206,275],"associated":[207,242,276],"<":[212],"0.001;":[213],"Phi":[214],"0.523).":[216],"proportion":[218],"87.9%":[222],"hypertensive":[224],"patients,":[225],"compared":[226],"38.1%":[228],"without":[231],"hypertension.":[232],"Sex,":[233],"age,":[234],"smoking,":[235],"body":[237],"mass":[238],"index":[239],"not":[241],">":[247],"0.05).":[248],"In":[249],"conclusion,":[250],"there":[251],"Semarang,":[271],"whereas":[272],"retinopathy.":[282]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2026-11-12T00:00:00"}