{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225830984","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rpm2.70091","title":"Designable liquid crystal elastomer architectures via differential bilayer orientation for programmable mismatch\u2010induced morphing","display_name":"Designable liquid crystal elastomer architectures via differential bilayer orientation for programmable mismatch\u2010induced morphing","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225830984","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rpm2.70091"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/rpm2.70091","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rpm2.70091","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rpm2.70091","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393919739","display_name":"Responsive materials","issn_l":"2834-894X","issn":["2834-894X","2834-8966"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","oarl"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Responsive Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rpm2.70091","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161451274","display_name":"Weicong Zhang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weicong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Mechanics Zhejiang University  Hangzhou China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Mechanics Zhejiang University  Hangzhou China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122274335","display_name":"Mengqi He","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengqi He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Mechanics Zhejiang University  Hangzhou China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Mechanics Zhejiang University  Hangzhou China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046271329","display_name":"Jinlong Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6922-3200","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6922-3200"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinlong Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Mechanics Zhejiang University  Hangzhou China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Mechanics Zhejiang University  Hangzhou China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5146625124","display_name":"Huimin Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2799-1262","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2799-1262"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767679","display_name":"State Key Laboratory Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0g5x34","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391767679","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huimin Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Mechanics Zhejiang University  Hangzhou China","Huanjiang Laboratory Zhejiang University  Zhuji China","State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems Zhejiang University  Hangzhou China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2799-1262","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Mechanics Zhejiang University  Hangzhou China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huanjiang Laboratory Zhejiang University  Zhuji China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems Zhejiang University  Hangzhou China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391767679","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055408579","display_name":"Jin Wen Qian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3597-5460","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3597-5460"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767679","display_name":"State Key Laboratory Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0g5x34","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391767679","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jin Qian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Mechanics Zhejiang University  Hangzhou China","Huanjiang Laboratory Zhejiang University  Zhuji China","State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems Zhejiang University  Hangzhou China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3597-5460","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Mechanics Zhejiang University  Hangzhou China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huanjiang Laboratory Zhejiang University  Zhuji China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems Zhejiang University  Hangzhou China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391767679","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":0,"currency":"USD","value_usd":0},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11737","display_name":"Advanced Materials and Mechanics","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11737","display_name":"Advanced Materials and Mechanics","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11608","display_name":"Dielectric materials and actuators","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10306","display_name":"Liquid Crystal Research Advancements","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50637493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136781","display_name":"Morphing","level":2,"score":0.9857000112533569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.671999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192157962","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4087243","display_name":"Bilayer","level":3,"score":0.6402999758720398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38052585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q252266","display_name":"Elastomer","level":2,"score":0.5916000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135628077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220184","display_name":"Finite element method","level":2,"score":0.5902000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195065555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214881","display_name":"Curvature","level":2,"score":0.5842000246047974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13274807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q203989","display_name":"Liquid crystal","level":2,"score":0.5802000164985657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16345878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107472979","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","level":2,"score":0.4334999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204366326","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3027650","display_name":"Deformation (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.4327000081539154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4138999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85725439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466686","display_name":"Anisotropy","level":2,"score":0.4047999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776058767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24327151","display_name":"Soft robotics","level":3,"score":0.33469998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778168010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1499786","display_name":"Climb","level":2,"score":0.3012000024318695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93226319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193137","display_name":"Differential (mechanical device)","level":2,"score":0.30090001225471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.29330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49097943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898455","display_name":"Shape-memory alloy","level":2,"score":0.2842999994754791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204530211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752823","display_name":"Thermal","level":2,"score":0.28299999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.2825999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.27619999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.2685999870300293}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/rpm2.70091","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rpm2.70091","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rpm2.70091","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393919739","display_name":"Responsive materials","issn_l":"2834-894X","issn":["2834-894X","2834-8966"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","oarl"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Responsive Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/rpm2.70091","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rpm2.70091","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rpm2.70091","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393919739","display_name":"Responsive materials","issn_l":"2834-894X","issn":["2834-894X","2834-8966"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","oarl"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Responsive Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":66,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1902605501","https://openalex.org/W2012458690","https://openalex.org/W2032380847","https://openalex.org/W2099045194","https://openalex.org/W2113899203","https://openalex.org/W2130118109","https://openalex.org/W2132665603","https://openalex.org/W2147525489","https://openalex.org/W2185919407","https://openalex.org/W2556901301","https://openalex.org/W2603514617","https://openalex.org/W2761732384","https://openalex.org/W2765687759","https://openalex.org/W2769838017","https://openalex.org/W2784033758","https://openalex.org/W2784648116","https://openalex.org/W2952643514","https://openalex.org/W2982988892","https://openalex.org/W3089058159","https://openalex.org/W3092066601","https://openalex.org/W3097232373","https://openalex.org/W3136130311","https://openalex.org/W3181213630","https://openalex.org/W3199651882","https://openalex.org/W3205268479","https://openalex.org/W4200064176","https://openalex.org/W4213028169","https://openalex.org/W4224212201","https://openalex.org/W4252368549","https://openalex.org/W4282928378","https://openalex.org/W4283834638","https://openalex.org/W4297001985","https://openalex.org/W4317757187","https://openalex.org/W4323664485","https://openalex.org/W4360616557","https://openalex.org/W4383197451","https://openalex.org/W4384024787","https://openalex.org/W4385348109","https://openalex.org/W4385726433","https://openalex.org/W4389546573","https://openalex.org/W4389617153","https://openalex.org/W4391481350","https://openalex.org/W4391953215","https://openalex.org/W4393259692","https://openalex.org/W4396730906","https://openalex.org/W4403037757","https://openalex.org/W4403429592","https://openalex.org/W4405106178","https://openalex.org/W4406855001","https://openalex.org/W4407392772","https://openalex.org/W4407549801","https://openalex.org/W4409622144","https://openalex.org/W4410720566","https://openalex.org/W4411050353","https://openalex.org/W4412692638","https://openalex.org/W4413149925","https://openalex.org/W4414104516","https://openalex.org/W4416506046","https://openalex.org/W4416808229","https://openalex.org/W4416951482","https://openalex.org/W7117135317","https://openalex.org/W7127145451","https://openalex.org/W7130595688","https://openalex.org/W7130610475","https://openalex.org/W7135068847","https://openalex.org/W7135385310"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Many":[1],"biological":[2],"morphing":[3,45,61,88],"systems,":[4],"such":[5],"as":[6,159],"seed":[7],"pods,":[8],"Venus":[9],"flytraps,":[10],"and":[11,23,36,43,69,89,97,119,142,150,180],"climbing":[12],"vines,":[13],"achieve":[14],"complex":[15],"shape":[16],"transformations":[17],"through":[18],"environmentally":[19],"induced":[20],"strain":[21,176],"mismatch":[22],"structural":[24],"anisotropy.":[25],"Inspired":[26],"by":[27,100],"these":[28,101],"natural":[29],"mechanisms,":[30],"this":[31],"work":[32,166],"establishes":[33],"a":[34,160,168],"theoretical":[35],"experimental":[37],"framework":[38,170],"for":[39,71,129],"the":[40,59,134,139],"cooperative":[41],"deformation":[42],"programmable":[44,181],"of":[46,63],"liquid":[47],"crystal":[48],"elastomer":[49],"(LCE)":[50],"bilayers.":[51],"Based":[52],"on":[53],"classical":[54],"laminate":[55],"plate":[56,125],"theory":[57],"(CLPT),":[58],"global":[60],"modes":[62],"anisotropic":[64,175],"LCE":[65,182],"bilayers":[66,113],"are":[67,74,105],"analyzed,":[68],"criteria":[70],"saddle\u2010shaped":[72],"configurations":[73],"established.":[75],"A":[76,152],"modified":[77,135],"large\u2010deformation":[78],"bilayer":[79,173],"strip":[80],"model":[81,137],"is":[82,127,143,156],"further":[83,157],"developed":[84],"to":[85,90,114],"describe":[86],"bending\u2010dominated":[87],"derive":[91],"an":[92],"explicit":[93],"relationship":[94],"between":[95],"curvature":[96,141],"temperature.":[98],"Guided":[99],"models,":[102],"kirigami":[103],"cuts":[104],"introduced":[106],"into":[107],"direct":[108],"ink":[109],"writing":[110],"(DIW)":[111],"printed":[112],"locally":[115],"reduce":[116],"in\u2010plane":[117],"constraints":[118],"generate":[120],"folding\u2010deployment":[121,154],"morphologies.":[122],"The":[123],"CLPT\u2010based":[124],"analysis":[126],"used":[128],"qualitative":[130],"morphology":[131],"classification,":[132],"whereas":[133],"bilayer\u2010strip":[136],"describes":[138],"temperature\u2010dependent":[140],"compared":[144],"with":[145],"finite":[146],"element":[147],"method":[148],"(FEA)":[149],"experiments.":[151],"representative":[153],"structure":[155],"demonstrated":[158],"thermally":[161],"actuated":[162],"adaptive":[163],"gripper.":[164],"This":[165],"provides":[167],"model\u2010guided":[169],"linking":[171],"differential":[172],"orientation,":[174],"mismatch,":[177],"geometric":[178],"design,":[179],"morphing.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2026-11-12T00:00:00"}