{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225830956","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/maco.70311","title":"Film Formation Behavior and Corrosion Protection Mechanism of Silane\u2010Enhanced PAA/Zn Composite Coating on Carbon Steel Surface","display_name":"Film Formation Behavior and Corrosion Protection Mechanism of Silane\u2010Enhanced PAA/Zn Composite Coating on Carbon Steel Surface","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225830956","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/maco.70311"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/maco.70311","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/maco.70311","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/maco.70311","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/maco.70311","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S123418790","display_name":"Materials and Corrosion","issn_l":"0043-2822","issn":["0043-2822","0947-5117","1521-4176"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Materials and Corrosion","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/maco.70311","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161434531","display_name":"Xinning Sun","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44468530","display_name":"Qingdao University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01qzc0f54","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44468530"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinning Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Civil Engineering Qingdao University of Technology Qingdao China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Civil Engineering Qingdao University of Technology Qingdao China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44468530"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103253950","display_name":"Chuansheng Xiong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3824-7116","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3824-7116","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9558-1965"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44468530","display_name":"Qingdao University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01qzc0f54","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44468530"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chuansheng Xiong","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Civil Engineering Qingdao University of Technology Qingdao China","Engineering Research Center of Concrete Technology Under Marine Environment Ministry of Education Qingdao China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3824-7116","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Civil Engineering Qingdao University of Technology Qingdao China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44468530"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Research Center of Concrete Technology Under Marine Environment Ministry of Education Qingdao China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161491818","display_name":"Heng Yang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111986","display_name":"Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02403qw73","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111986"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heng Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute Nanjing Jiangsu China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute Nanjing Jiangsu China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111986"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136535142","display_name":"Xiaojie Zhang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44468530","display_name":"Qingdao University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01qzc0f54","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44468530"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaojie Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Civil Engineering Qingdao University of Technology Qingdao China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Civil Engineering Qingdao University of Technology Qingdao China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44468530"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5127605130","display_name":"Maozhen Cao","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44468530","display_name":"Qingdao University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01qzc0f54","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44468530"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maozhen Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Civil Engineering Qingdao University of Technology Qingdao China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Civil Engineering Qingdao University of Technology Qingdao China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44468530"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5127569807","display_name":"Minghui Lu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44468530","display_name":"Qingdao University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01qzc0f54","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44468530"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minghui Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Civil Engineering Qingdao University of Technology Qingdao China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Civil Engineering Qingdao University of Technology Qingdao China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44468530"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5147442922","display_name":"Wanyu Zhao","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193531525","display_name":"George Washington University","ror":"https://ror.org/00y4zzh67","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wanyu Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The George Washington University Washington DC USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The George Washington University Washington DC USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103253950","https://openalex.org/A5147442922"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193531525","https://openalex.org/I44468530"],"apc_list":{"value":3540,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3540},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10310","display_name":"Corrosion Behavior and Inhibition","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10310","display_name":"Corrosion Behavior and Inhibition","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13470","display_name":"Surface Treatment and Coatings","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10530","display_name":"Magnesium Alloys: Properties and Applications","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2502","display_name":"Biomaterials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20625102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q137056","display_name":"Corrosion","level":2,"score":0.7128999829292297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104779481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50707","display_name":"Composite number","level":2,"score":0.6949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64452783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1524945","display_name":"Ternary operation","level":2,"score":0.6424999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778560533","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q967996","display_name":"Carbon steel","level":3,"score":0.6299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780312654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q409762","display_name":"Polyacrylic acid","level":3,"score":0.6208999752998352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781448156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1570182","display_name":"Coating","level":2,"score":0.609499990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.4903999865055084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.4810999929904938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6556556","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899239","display_name":"Contact angle","level":2,"score":0.4429999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52859227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7877","display_name":"Electrochemistry","level":3,"score":0.4203999936580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.35280001163482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140205800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5860","display_name":"Carbon fibers","level":3,"score":0.33880001306533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147280077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6142138","display_name":"Conversion coating","level":3,"score":0.33799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778024649","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q410572","display_name":"Silane","level":2,"score":0.3328999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112439578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17146559","display_name":"Superhydrophobic coating","level":3,"score":0.32910001277923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544153396","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11426","display_name":"Metal","level":2,"score":0.3269999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193867417","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6889814","display_name":"Modulus","level":2,"score":0.32499998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.29440000653266907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780345374","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595716","display_name":"Stabiliser","level":2,"score":0.26809999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535196362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q758","display_name":"Zinc","level":2,"score":0.2531999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123671423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332329","display_name":"Contact resistance","level":3,"score":0.25040000677108765}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/maco.70311","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/maco.70311","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/maco.70311","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/maco.70311","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S123418790","display_name":"Materials and Corrosion","issn_l":"0043-2822","issn":["0043-2822","0947-5117","1521-4176"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Materials and Corrosion","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/maco.70311","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/maco.70311","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/maco.70311","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/maco.70311","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S123418790","display_name":"Materials and Corrosion","issn_l":"0043-2822","issn":["0043-2822","0947-5117","1521-4176"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Materials and Corrosion","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225830956.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225830956.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1968328490","https://openalex.org/W1969594207","https://openalex.org/W1977261566","https://openalex.org/W1990914298","https://openalex.org/W1995479466","https://openalex.org/W2012896721","https://openalex.org/W2013345340","https://openalex.org/W2022703179","https://openalex.org/W2028318205","https://openalex.org/W2033758404","https://openalex.org/W2034832704","https://openalex.org/W2035609599","https://openalex.org/W2044195854","https://openalex.org/W2047834832","https://openalex.org/W2049601162","https://openalex.org/W2056544492","https://openalex.org/W2078430923","https://openalex.org/W2079647236","https://openalex.org/W2085526494","https://openalex.org/W2089465582","https://openalex.org/W2099778114","https://openalex.org/W2158844256","https://openalex.org/W2406264417","https://openalex.org/W2463938379","https://openalex.org/W2699203533","https://openalex.org/W2745544925","https://openalex.org/W2755898733","https://openalex.org/W2782225521","https://openalex.org/W2791283334","https://openalex.org/W2803147209","https://openalex.org/W2807260149","https://openalex.org/W2891519785","https://openalex.org/W2901426883","https://openalex.org/W2909178278","https://openalex.org/W2953341076","https://openalex.org/W2997398395","https://openalex.org/W3003606011","https://openalex.org/W3033743607","https://openalex.org/W3213556419","https://openalex.org/W4223908409","https://openalex.org/W4306399833","https://openalex.org/W4313238132","https://openalex.org/W4362590186","https://openalex.org/W4366694466","https://openalex.org/W4379469651","https://openalex.org/W4382402701","https://openalex.org/W4385999072","https://openalex.org/W4386524004","https://openalex.org/W4386553281","https://openalex.org/W4404246766","https://openalex.org/W4411111567"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRACT":[0],"This":[1,158],"study":[2],"aims":[3],"to":[4,106],"replace":[5],"traditional":[6],"chromium\u2010containing":[7],"conversion":[8],"coatings":[9],"and":[10,24,35,50,62,109,117,165],"overcome":[11],"the":[12,81,93,148],"drawbacks":[13],"of":[14,103,113,132],"polyacrylic":[15],"acid":[16],"(PAA)":[17],"films,":[18],"including":[19],"slow":[20],"formation,":[21],"high":[22],"hydrophilicity,":[23],"limited":[25],"stability.":[26],"A":[27],"synergistic":[28,130],"strategy":[29],"using":[30],"epoxy\u2010functional":[31],"silane":[32],"\u03b3\u2010(2,3\u2010epoxypropoxy)propyltrimethoxysilane":[33],"(KH\u2010560)":[34],"zinc":[36],"ions":[37],"constructs":[38],"a":[39,73,110,128,136],"ternary":[40,129],"PAA/KH\u2010560/Zn":[41],"2+":[42],"composite":[43],"coating":[44],"on":[45],"carbon":[46],"steel.":[47],"Silane":[48],"concentration":[49],"formation":[51,76],"time":[52],"were":[53],"evaluated":[54],"via":[55],"electrochemical":[56],"testing,":[57],"contact":[58,119],"angle,":[59],"SEM,":[60],"XPS,":[61],"FTIR.":[63],"Optimal":[64],"performance":[65,154],"is":[66,96,115,121],"achieved":[67],"at":[68],"0.6":[69],"vol%":[70],"KH\u2010560":[71],"with":[72],"10":[74,88],"min":[75],"time.":[77],"Under":[78],"these":[79],"conditions,":[80],"low\u2010frequency":[82],"impedance":[83],"modulus":[84],"reaches":[85],"2.25":[86],"\u00d7":[87],"4":[89],"\u03a9\u00b7cm":[90],"2":[91],",":[92],"charge\u2010transfer":[94],"resistance":[95],"increased":[97],"by":[98],"more":[99],"than":[100],"one":[101],"order":[102],"magnitude":[104],"relative":[105],"bare":[107],"steel,":[108],"protection":[111],"efficiency":[112],"95.7%":[114],"achieved,":[116],"water":[118],"angle":[120],"95\u00b0,":[122],"indicating":[123],"hydrophobicity.":[124],"Protection":[125],"arises":[126],"from":[127],"mechanism":[131],"\u201ccoordination\u2013crosslinking\u2013anchoring,\u201d":[133],"rapidly":[134],"forming":[135],"dense":[137],"hydrophobic":[138],"layer.":[139],"An":[140],"electrophoretic":[141],"paint":[142],"topcoat":[143],"two\u2010layer":[144],"system":[145],"validates":[146],"that":[147],"optimized":[149],"pretreatment":[150],"layer":[151],"enhances":[152],"anti\u2010corrosion":[153],"under":[155],"industrial\u2010relevant":[156],"conditions.":[157],"offers":[159],"new":[160],"insights":[161],"for":[162],"advancing":[163],"rapid":[164],"eco\u2010friendly":[166],"metal":[167],"surface":[168],"pretreatment.":[169]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2026-11-12T00:00:00"}
