{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225829392","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24142481","title":"Light Scattering From Light: The Vacuum Box Diagram From Optical Energies to Collider Detection","display_name":"Light Scattering From Light: The Vacuum Box Diagram From Optical Energies to Collider Detection","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225829392","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24142481"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24142481","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24142481","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24142481","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24142481","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161362375","display_name":"William Alexander Aldred","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1215-577X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1215-577X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Aldred, William Alexander","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1215-577X","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5161362375"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11683","display_name":"Quantum and Classical Electrodynamics","score":0.8978999853134155,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11683","display_name":"Quantum and Classical Electrodynamics","score":0.8978999853134155,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12220","display_name":"Quantum Electrodynamics and Casimir Effect","score":0.059300001710653305,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10048","display_name":"Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies","score":0.03229999914765358,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.8677999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159317903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3198","display_name":"Photon","level":2,"score":0.6435999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52234038","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17128025","display_name":"Cross section (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5946000218391418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159691708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q348294","display_name":"QED vacuum","level":3,"score":0.5738999843597412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178803272","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q849940","display_name":"Virtual particle","level":3,"score":0.5475999712944031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152290109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2033879","display_name":"Collider","level":2,"score":0.5139999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191486275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210028","display_name":"Scattering","level":2,"score":0.49900001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6947382","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143773","display_name":"Vacuum energy","level":2,"score":0.4742000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186399060","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959962","display_name":"Diagram","level":2,"score":0.4350999891757965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184779094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26383","display_name":"Atomic physics","level":1,"score":0.42669999599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185544564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81197","display_name":"Nuclear physics","level":1,"score":0.40450000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120456961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210028","display_name":"Light scattering","level":3,"score":0.39570000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780154664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1886497","display_name":"Vacuum polarization","level":2,"score":0.388700008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3079626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q234881","display_name":"Quantum electrodynamics","level":1,"score":0.38830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778785133","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25303639","display_name":"Photon energy","level":3,"score":0.3758000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.3407000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.33820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.33219999074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54644633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5473287","display_name":"Forward scatter","level":3,"score":0.31040000915527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149773537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12969754","display_name":"Electromagnetic radiation","level":2,"score":0.30090001225471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.29490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141886431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1193821","display_name":"Quantum fluctuation","level":3,"score":0.28859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189166818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130825","display_name":"Particle accelerator","level":3,"score":0.2745000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47085818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q115238","display_name":"Pair production","level":2,"score":0.27059999108314514}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24142481","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24142481","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24142481","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24142482","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24142482","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24142482","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24142481","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24142481","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24142481","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Photons":[0],"are":[1,125],"electrically":[2],"neutral":[3],"and,":[4],"in":[5,69],"classical":[6],"electrodynamics,":[7],"pass":[8],"through":[9,19],"one":[10,62],"another":[11],"without":[12],"interacting.":[13],"In":[14],"quantum":[15],"electrodynamics":[16],"they":[17],"scatter,":[18],"a":[20,25,36],"virtual":[21],"electron-positron":[22],"loop,":[23],"with":[24],"cross":[26,59,122],"section":[27,60],"that":[28,40],"at":[29],"optical":[30],"energies":[31],"is":[32,101],"7.265e-70":[33],"square":[34],"metres,":[35],"value":[37],"so":[38],"small":[39],"the":[41,52,57,73,89,102,105,117,128],"effect":[42],"hid":[43],"from":[44,61,127],"experiment":[45],"for":[46],"eighty":[47],"years.":[48],"This":[49],"paper":[50],"follows":[51],"sixth-power":[53],"energy":[54],"growth":[55],"of":[56,86,93,95,104],"low-energy":[58,130],"electronvolt":[63],"to":[64],"ten":[65],"kiloelectronvolts":[66],"and":[67,112],"explains,":[68],"rate":[70,90],"terms,":[71],"why":[72],"first":[74],"observation":[75],"required":[76],"colliding":[77],"lead":[78],"nuclei:":[79],"gigaelectronvolt":[80],"photons,":[81],"supplied":[82],"coherently":[83],"by":[84,91],"charges":[85],"eighty-two,":[87],"raised":[88],"dozens":[92],"orders":[94],"magnitude.":[96],"The":[97],"vacuum":[98,107,119],"box":[99],"diagram":[100],"purest":[103],"laboratory":[106],"effects,":[108],"involving":[109],"no":[110,113],"matter":[111],"bound":[114],"states,":[115],"only":[116],"polarisable":[118],"itself.":[120],"All":[121],"sections":[123],"here":[124],"computed":[126],"stated":[129],"formula,":[131],"not":[132],"measured.":[133]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2026-11-12T00:00:00"}
