{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225829133","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.11.06.764905","title":"Genome-wide diversity across 130 years reveals drastic post-bottleneck genetic erosion in a recovering population of golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos)","display_name":"Genome-wide diversity across 130 years reveals drastic post-bottleneck genetic erosion in a recovering population of golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos)","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225829133","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.11.06.764905"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.11.06.764905","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.11.06.764905","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.11.06.764905","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.11.06.764905","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022918358","display_name":"Ekaterina Karabanina","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7001-8167","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7001-8167"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ekaterina Karabanina","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oulu"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7001-8167","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oulu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082338779","display_name":"Suvi Ponnikas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3526-2118","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3526-2118"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Suvi Ponnikas","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oulu"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3526-2118","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oulu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057266923","display_name":"Tiina M. Mattila","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1298-7370","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1298-7370"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tiina M. Mattila","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oulu"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1298-7370","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oulu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088506585","display_name":"Alina K. Niskanen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2017-2718","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2017-2718"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alina Niskanen","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oulu"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2017-2718","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oulu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072441653","display_name":"Laura Kvist","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2108-0172","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2108-0172"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laura Kvist","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oulu"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2108-0172","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oulu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10012","display_name":"Genetic diversity and population structure","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10012","display_name":"Genetic diversity and population structure","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10751","display_name":"Forensic and Genetic Research","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10594","display_name":"Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130217890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47041","display_name":"Biodiversity","level":2,"score":0.7592999935150146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81977670","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q585259","display_name":"Genetic diversity","level":3,"score":0.6995000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105076106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815715","display_name":"Population bottleneck","level":5,"score":0.6938999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194187813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3073371","display_name":"Genetic erosion","level":4,"score":0.6833000183105469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.6003000140190125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780513914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18210350","display_name":"Bottleneck","level":2,"score":0.5573999881744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.5346999764442444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.5286999940872192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51213014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4390843","display_name":"Conservation genetics","level":5,"score":0.4893999993801117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52130261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39825","display_name":"Census","level":3,"score":0.47940000891685486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3641667","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1295959","display_name":"Effective population size","level":4,"score":0.47620001435279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169733012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1613416","display_name":"Population size","level":3,"score":0.43810001015663147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.4348999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781316041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230584","display_name":"Diversity (politics)","level":2,"score":0.3944000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34208539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641498","display_name":"Conservation biology","level":2,"score":0.37119999527931213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68873052","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q349856","display_name":"Genetic variation","level":3,"score":0.32510000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779860289","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q284137","display_name":"Population decline","level":3,"score":0.31049999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46576788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532925","display_name":"Genetic structure","level":4,"score":0.29980000853538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77352025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386191","display_name":"Population growth","level":3,"score":0.29980000853538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85721925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31151","display_name":"Population genetics","level":3,"score":0.29510000348091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64229544","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q552431","display_name":"Habitat destruction","level":3,"score":0.28630000352859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172777353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1374271","display_name":"Genetic variability","level":4,"score":0.27950000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179345059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11394","display_name":"Endangered species","level":3,"score":0.2612999975681305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26589402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7068267","display_name":"Nucleotide diversity","level":5,"score":0.2554999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776116246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21067469","display_name":"Runs of Homozygosity","level":5,"score":0.2500999867916107}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.11.06.764905","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.11.06.764905","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.11.06.764905","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.11.06.764905","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.11.06.764905","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.11.06.764905","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Many":[0],"wild":[1],"populations":[2],"have":[3],"experienced":[4],"severe":[5],"human-induced":[6],"declines,":[7],"but":[8],"the":[9,34,48,56,61,89,128,159,185],"genetic":[10,78,98,152,192],"consequences":[11,59],"of":[12,60,77,97,123,127,141,190],"such":[13],"bottlenecks":[14],"are":[15,174],"often":[16],"poorly":[17],"understood.":[18],"In":[19],"Finland,":[20],"as":[21,23],"well":[22],"in":[24,47,80,104,110,116,154,167,182],"many":[25],"other":[26],"countries,":[27],"golden":[28,83,156],"eagles":[29,84,157],"were":[30],"heavily":[31],"persecuted":[32],"during":[33],"19th-20th":[35],"centuries,":[36],"disappearing":[37],"from":[38],"southern":[39],"regions":[40],"and":[41,87,119,132,139,170,179],"reaching":[42],"their":[43],"lowest":[44],"population":[45,137],"size":[46,161],"1950-1960s.":[49],"Although":[50],"conservation":[51,168],"efforts":[52],"facilitated":[53],"demographic":[54],"recovery,":[55],"long-term":[57],"genomic":[58,165],"bottleneck":[62],"remained":[63],"unknown.":[64],"Here,":[65],"we":[66],"used":[67],"whole-genome":[68],"sequencing":[69],"data":[70],"spanning":[71],"136":[72],"years":[73],"to":[74,176],"evaluate":[75],"patterns":[76],"diversity":[79],"26":[81],"Finnish":[82,155],"before,":[85],"during,":[86],"after":[88],"mid-20th":[90],"century":[91],"bottleneck.":[92],"We":[93],"found":[94],"substantial":[95,121],"loss":[96,122],"variation,":[99],"including":[100],"an":[101],"82%":[102],"reduction":[103,115],"genome-wide":[105],"heterozygosity,":[106],"a":[107,113,120],"42%":[108],"decline":[109],"nucleotide":[111],"diversity,":[112],"67%":[114],"Watterson's":[117],"theta,":[118],"variable":[124],"sites.":[125],"Analyses":[126],"site":[129],"frequency":[130],"spectrum":[131],"Tajima's":[133],"D":[134],"confirmed":[135],"historical":[136],"contraction,":[138],"runs":[140],"homozygosity":[142],"analysis":[143],"indicated":[144],"elevated":[145],"post-bottleneck":[146],"inbreeding.":[147],"These":[148],"results":[149],"indicate":[150],"strong":[151],"erosion":[153],"despite":[158],"census":[160],"recovery.":[162],"Therefore,":[163],"incorporating":[164],"indicators":[166],"monitoring":[169],"performing":[171],"regional":[172],"assessments":[173],"necessary":[175],"guide":[177],"management":[178],"preserve":[180],"biodiversity":[181],"line":[183],"with":[184],"Global":[186],"Biodiversity":[187],"Framework's":[188],"goal":[189],"maintaining":[191],"variation.":[193]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2026-11-12T00:00:00"}
