{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225828418","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11690092/v1","title":"Remittances, household health spending and care-seeking in Somalia: evidence from the Somali Integrated Household Budget Survey (SIHBS) 2022","display_name":"Remittances, household health spending and care-seeking in Somalia: evidence from the Somali Integrated Household Budget Survey (SIHBS) 2022","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225828418","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11690092/v1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-11690092/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11690092/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11690092/v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11690092/v1","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161333742","display_name":"Mohamed Kalid Ali","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1320745970","display_name":"Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations","ror":"https://ror.org/00pe0tf51","country_code":"IT","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1286959531","https://openalex.org/I1320745970"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Kalid Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1320745970"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5161333742"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1320745970"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11531","display_name":"Healthcare Systems and Reforms","score":0.7979000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11531","display_name":"Healthcare Systems and Reforms","score":0.7979000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10349","display_name":"Migration and Labor Dynamics","score":0.12540000677108765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11990","display_name":"Global Health Workforce Issues","score":0.01080000028014183,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776831955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13275","display_name":"Somali","level":2,"score":0.8246999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143095724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q515895","display_name":"Odds","level":3,"score":0.6689000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994140446","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health spending","level":4,"score":0.6215999722480774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.5687999725341797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.49959999322891235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.48420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27548731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88272","display_name":"Investment (military)","level":3,"score":0.42419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.4133000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198477413","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7647069","display_name":"Survey data collection","level":2,"score":0.4018000066280365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.34880000352859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87227347","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7100713","display_name":"Ordered logit","level":2,"score":0.32670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776943663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165687","display_name":"Human capital","level":2,"score":0.2946999967098236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45355965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1643441","display_name":"Socioeconomics","level":1,"score":0.28349998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53059260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374758","display_name":"Multilevel model","level":2,"score":0.27149999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152877465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042","display_name":"Regression analysis","level":2,"score":0.27000001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.26930001378059387}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-11690092/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11690092/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11690092/v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-11690092/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11690092/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11690092/v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W263154455","https://openalex.org/W1918432791","https://openalex.org/W1990160987","https://openalex.org/W1997866269","https://openalex.org/W1999678433","https://openalex.org/W2002066181","https://openalex.org/W2011350550","https://openalex.org/W2029692678","https://openalex.org/W2030286149","https://openalex.org/W2036193982","https://openalex.org/W2044203638","https://openalex.org/W2058744048","https://openalex.org/W2061441826","https://openalex.org/W2068155640","https://openalex.org/W2076489890","https://openalex.org/W2103817203","https://openalex.org/W2110818436","https://openalex.org/W2125849337","https://openalex.org/W2128333648","https://openalex.org/W2150291618","https://openalex.org/W2160717754","https://openalex.org/W2350522892","https://openalex.org/W2551101831","https://openalex.org/W2739714296","https://openalex.org/W2772759979","https://openalex.org/W2785866583","https://openalex.org/W2890037771","https://openalex.org/W3022160771","https://openalex.org/W3121418666","https://openalex.org/W3125598303","https://openalex.org/W3136274269","https://openalex.org/W4386759556","https://openalex.org/W4399567374","https://openalex.org/W4415994269","https://openalex.org/W7212176881","https://openalex.org/W7213419851"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Background":[1],"Somalia":[2,214],"has":[3,40],"almost":[4],"no":[5],"health":[6,36,60,122,138,157,182,191,248,302,315],"insurance,":[7],"and":[8,64,72,80,104,124,148,158,178,246,273,304,321,340],"households":[9,50,103,174,185,261,336],"pay":[10],"for":[11,43,136,151,154,323],"much":[12],"of":[13,21,142,189,250,259,301,305],"their":[14],"care":[15,66,267,279],"directly.":[16],"It":[17],"is":[18,70,319],"also":[19,345],"one":[20,171],"the":[22,27,88,113,237,247,251,324],"most":[23],"remittance-dependent":[24],"countries":[25],"in":[26,112,172,239,307,334],"world.":[28],"Studies":[29],"elsewhere":[30],"show":[31],"that":[32,51,332,341],"remittances":[33,53,77,203,211,311],"raise":[34],"household":[35,155,252],"spending,":[37],"but":[38,236],"none":[39,216],"examined":[41],"this":[42,74,338],"Somalia.":[44,83],"This":[45,85],"study":[46,86],"assessed":[47],"whether":[48,73],"Somali":[49,92],"receive":[52,266],"are":[54,295],"more":[55,228,263],"likely":[56,264,275],"to":[57,202,265,276,348],"spend":[58,62],"on":[59,121,127],"care,":[61],"more,":[63],"seek":[65],"when":[67],"a":[68,166,298],"member":[69],"ill,":[71],"differs":[75],"between":[76],"from":[78,81,204,212,293],"abroad":[79,205,294],"within":[82,213],"Methods":[84],"analysed":[87],"nationally":[89],"representative,":[90],"cross-sectional":[91,320],"Integrated":[93],"Household":[94],"Budget":[95],"Survey":[96],"(SIHBS)":[97],"2022.":[98],"The":[99,198,317],"analysis":[100],"covered":[101],"7,152":[102],"1,663":[105],"members":[106,258],"who":[107],"were":[108,132,262],"ill":[109],"or":[110],"injured":[111],"past":[114],"month.":[115],"Health":[116,327],"spending":[117,120,126,145,192,223,303],"combined":[118],"12-month":[119],"services":[123],"6-month":[125],"medicines.":[128],"Survey-weighted":[129],"two-part":[130],"models":[131],"fitted":[133],"(logistic":[134],"regression":[135,141,150],"any":[137,190],"spending;":[139],"linear":[140],"log":[143],"per-capita":[144],"among":[146],"spenders)":[147],"logistic":[149],"care-seeking,":[152],"adjusted":[153],"demographic,":[156],"locational":[159],"characteristics.":[160],"Inverse-probability":[161],"weighting":[162],"was":[163,200,241],"used":[164],"as":[165,313],"second":[167],"estimator.":[168],"Results":[169],"About":[170],"five":[173,335],"(21.7%)":[175],"received":[176],"remittances,":[177],"73.4%":[179],"reported":[180],"some":[181],"spending.":[183],"Recipient":[184],"had":[186],"higher":[187,299],"odds":[188],"(AOR":[193,206,217,268,286],"1.29,":[194],"95%":[195,208,219,233,270,288],"CI":[196,209,220,234,271,289],"1.07\u20131.55).":[197],"association":[199],"confined":[201],"1.49,":[207],"1.20\u20131.85);":[210],"showed":[215],"0.91,":[218],"0.68\u20131.23).":[221],"Among":[222],"households,":[224],"recipients":[225],"spent":[226],"15%":[227],"per":[229],"person":[230],"(ratio":[231],"1.15,":[232],"1.02\u20131.30),":[235],"difference":[238],"dollars":[240],"not":[242,255,283],"significant":[243],"after":[244],"weighting,":[245],"share":[249],"budget":[253],"did":[254],"differ.":[256],"Ill":[257],"recipient":[260],"1.65,":[269],"1.04\u20132.62)":[272],"less":[274],"go":[277],"without":[278],"because":[280],"they":[281],"could":[282],"afford":[284],"it":[285],"0.53,":[287],"0.31\u20130.91).":[290],"Conclusions":[291],"Remittances":[292],"associated":[296],"with":[297,310],"likelihood":[300],"care-seeking":[306],"Somalia,":[308],"consistent":[309],"acting":[312],"informal":[314],"financing.":[316],"evidence":[318],"weaker":[322],"amount":[325],"spent.":[326],"financing":[328],"policy":[329],"should":[330],"recognise":[331],"four":[333],"lack":[337],"buffer,":[339],"protecting":[342],"remittance":[343],"channels":[344],"protects":[346],"access":[347],"care.":[349]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2026-11-12T00:00:00"}