{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225827944","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11689330/v1","title":"Mortality Estimation in Conflict-Affected Settings: A Scoping Review of the Methodological Landscape","display_name":"Mortality Estimation in Conflict-Affected Settings: A Scoping Review of the Methodological Landscape","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225827944","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11689330/v1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-11689330/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11689330/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11689330/v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11689330/v1","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004310109","display_name":"Lauren D\u2019Mello-Guyett","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8174-1737","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8174-1737"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089966","display_name":"London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/00a0jsq62","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I4210089966"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lauren D'Mello-Guyett","raw_affiliation_strings":["London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8174-1737","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089966"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057141491","display_name":"Samantha K. Olson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9192-2923","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9192-2923"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089966","display_name":"London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/00a0jsq62","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I4210089966"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samantha Olson","raw_affiliation_strings":["London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9192-2923","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089966"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053545136","display_name":"Maysoon Dahab","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4271-9705","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4271-9705"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089966","display_name":"London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/00a0jsq62","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I4210089966"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maysoon Dahab","raw_affiliation_strings":["London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4271-9705","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089966"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5004310109"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089966"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14090","display_name":"Health and Conflict Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14090","display_name":"Health and Conflict Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14372","display_name":"Environmental and Biological Research in Conflict Zones","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12011","display_name":"Insurance, Mortality, Demography, Risk Management","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3317","display_name":"Demography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96250715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965330","display_name":"Estimation","level":2,"score":0.7098000049591064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61904560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148359","display_name":"Grey literature","level":3,"score":0.6021000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5947999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56666940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788790","display_name":"Documentation","level":2,"score":0.5199999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.45879998803138733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.4510999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779808786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6664603","display_name":"Locality","level":2,"score":0.4510999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777466982","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227287","display_name":"Data extraction","level":3,"score":0.39419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.39259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129963666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17105857","display_name":"Small area estimation","level":3,"score":0.3580999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.33379998803138733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148383697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1781695","display_name":"Regional science","level":1,"score":0.30880001187324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.3046000003814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162118730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128453","display_name":"Actuarial science","level":1,"score":0.30149999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.2969000041484833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61980418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2221906","display_name":"Location","level":2,"score":0.2879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107826830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929380","display_name":"Environmental resource management","level":1,"score":0.2849999964237213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93692415","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1502030","display_name":"Thematic map","level":2,"score":0.2849000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122637931","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118084","display_name":"Unit (ring theory)","level":2,"score":0.2831000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64754055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574053","display_name":"Spatial contextual awareness","level":2,"score":0.2705000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.2705000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133462117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4929239","display_name":"Data collection","level":2,"score":0.2680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.2651999890804291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.257099986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41856607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483130","display_name":"Geographic information system","level":2,"score":0.25290000438690186}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-11689330/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11689330/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11689330/v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-11689330/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11689330/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11689330/v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":106,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1938411833","https://openalex.org/W1946367802","https://openalex.org/W1953008391","https://openalex.org/W1969776737","https://openalex.org/W1975916113","https://openalex.org/W1977347639","https://openalex.org/W1985380374","https://openalex.org/W1986099181","https://openalex.org/W1991706185","https://openalex.org/W2006621183","https://openalex.org/W2008007378","https://openalex.org/W2010510869","https://openalex.org/W2011007614","https://openalex.org/W2034054351","https://openalex.org/W2036421315","https://openalex.org/W2042370635","https://openalex.org/W2047817131","https://openalex.org/W2049692123","https://openalex.org/W2050010317","https://openalex.org/W2054844532","https://openalex.org/W2056390360","https://openalex.org/W2064189985","https://openalex.org/W2065637266","https://openalex.org/W2075049551","https://openalex.org/W2089741338","https://openalex.org/W2092844710","https://openalex.org/W2095617622","https://openalex.org/W2095701128","https://openalex.org/W2097122005","https://openalex.org/W2099722019","https://openalex.org/W2100225244","https://openalex.org/W2103111112","https://openalex.org/W2103770866","https://openalex.org/W2109380393","https://openalex.org/W2109809696","https://openalex.org/W2115813799","https://openalex.org/W2115917733","https://openalex.org/W2125685573","https://openalex.org/W2131142764","https://openalex.org/W2132111164","https://openalex.org/W2133505947","https://openalex.org/W2135999783","https://openalex.org/W2138930919","https://openalex.org/W2147074535","https://openalex.org/W2147929156","https://openalex.org/W2160708984","https://openalex.org/W2161701578","https://openalex.org/W2163487610","https://openalex.org/W2165259674","https://openalex.org/W2166610853","https://openalex.org/W2312583092","https://openalex.org/W2316612403","https://openalex.org/W2399815246","https://openalex.org/W2492721440","https://openalex.org/W2532555616","https://openalex.org/W2593399411","https://openalex.org/W2616350990","https://openalex.org/W2741638098","https://openalex.org/W2891133340","https://openalex.org/W2891378911","https://openalex.org/W2946075168","https://openalex.org/W2953554230","https://openalex.org/W2958168358","https://openalex.org/W2963753421","https://openalex.org/W2966650180","https://openalex.org/W2989822725","https://openalex.org/W3003968507","https://openalex.org/W3012815702","https://openalex.org/W3083715491","https://openalex.org/W3110616075","https://openalex.org/W3174501765","https://openalex.org/W3195230403","https://openalex.org/W4225602631","https://openalex.org/W4240927551","https://openalex.org/W4249156109","https://openalex.org/W4254188096","https://openalex.org/W4280489050","https://openalex.org/W4283652015","https://openalex.org/W4318618254","https://openalex.org/W4365135550","https://openalex.org/W4366279902","https://openalex.org/W4384818854","https://openalex.org/W4385723395","https://openalex.org/W4387077098","https://openalex.org/W4389060158","https://openalex.org/W4394709981","https://openalex.org/W4395666549","https://openalex.org/W4399668172","https://openalex.org/W4400697777","https://openalex.org/W4405597145","https://openalex.org/W4406204110","https://openalex.org/W4409286317","https://openalex.org/W4409308185","https://openalex.org/W4410139078","https://openalex.org/W4410554360","https://openalex.org/W4411134148","https://openalex.org/W4411717937","https://openalex.org/W4413332474","https://openalex.org/W4414704095","https://openalex.org/W4414848565","https://openalex.org/W4415100462","https://openalex.org/W7130386845","https://openalex.org/W7161180367","https://openalex.org/W7161676886","https://openalex.org/W7162561114","https://openalex.org/W7164040207"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Background":[1],"Mortality":[2],"is":[3,230],"the":[4,30,41,137,141,290],"primary":[5],"signal":[6],"of":[7,34,40,44,79,134,161,186,278],"crisis":[8],"severity,":[9],"yet":[10],"systematic":[11],"mortality":[12,61,176,197,271],"estimation":[13,62,172],"in":[14,71,245,282],"conflict-affected":[15,72],"settings":[16],"remains":[17],"largely":[18],"unachieved.":[19],"Methodological":[20],"constraints,":[21],"inadequate":[22],"data":[23,119,179,240,284],"infrastructure,":[24],"and":[25,32,46,64,67,81,84,88,105,118,152,163,188,192,248,286],"political":[26,249],"barriers":[27,250],"collectively":[28],"limit":[29],"reach":[31],"reliability":[33],"available":[35],"methods.":[36],"No":[37],"comprehensive":[38],"mapping":[39],"full":[42],"landscape":[43,229],"direct":[45,60,171],"indirect":[47,214],"approaches":[48,69],"has":[49,218],"previously":[50,234],"been":[51],"conducted.":[52],"Objectives":[53],"This":[54],"scoping":[55],"review":[56],"aimed":[57],"to":[58,74,85,94,111,251,289],"map":[59,210],"methods":[63,156,167],"indirect,":[65,190],"composite,":[66,191],"mortality-adjacent":[68,193,205],"used":[70,121],"settings;":[73],"characterise":[75],"their":[76],"methodology,":[77],"level":[78],"application,":[80],"geographic":[82,243],"scope;":[83],"identify":[86],"evidence":[87,208],"methodological":[89,228],"gaps,":[90,242],"with":[91,113],"particular":[92],"attention":[93],"feasibility":[95],"at":[96,221],"subnational":[97],"level.":[98,225],"Methods":[99],"We":[100],"searched":[101],"six":[102],"academic":[103,150],"databases":[104],"ten":[106],"grey":[107,154],"literature":[108,155],"repositories,":[109],"restricted":[110],"1990\u20132026":[112],"no":[114,213],"language":[115],"restriction.":[116],"Screening":[117],"extraction":[120],"a":[122],"pre-specified":[123],"eligibility":[124],"framework":[125,268],"based":[126],"on":[127],"Population,":[128],"Concept,":[129],"Context":[130],"criteria.":[131],"The":[132,207,227],"unit":[133],"analysis":[135],"was":[136],"methodology":[138],"rather":[139],"than":[140,233],"individual":[142],"study.":[143],"Results":[144],"Searches":[145],"retrieved":[146],"14,869":[147],"records;":[148],"103":[149],"papers":[151],"12":[153],"were":[157,168],"included":[158],"following":[159],"removal":[160],"duplicates":[162],"screening.":[164],"Twenty-six":[165],"distinct":[166],"identified:":[169],"13":[170,189],"methods,":[173],"which":[174,195],"measure":[175],"through":[177],"field-based":[178],"collection,":[180],"community":[181,222],"reporting,":[182],"or":[183,204,215,223],"physical":[184],"documentation":[185],"deaths,":[187],"approaches,":[194,279],"infer":[196],"from":[198,261],"secondary":[199,283],"data,":[200],"composite":[201,216],"severity":[202,263],"indicators,":[203],"signals.":[206],"gap":[209],"reveals":[211],"that":[212],"method":[217],"documented":[219,235],"application":[220],"locality":[224],"Conclusions":[226],"more":[231],"diverse":[232],"but":[236,258],"structurally":[237],"constrained":[238],"by":[239],"infrastructure":[241],"concentration":[244],"accessible":[246],"settings,":[247],"measurement.":[252],"Innovations":[253],"address":[254],"specific":[255],"access":[256],"constraints":[257],"remain":[259],"disconnected":[260],"existing":[262],"assessment":[264],"frameworks.":[265],"A":[266],"practical":[267],"for":[269],"local":[270],"monitoring":[272],"will":[273],"require":[274],"contextually":[275],"calibrated":[276],"combinations":[277],"sustained":[280],"investment":[281],"systems,":[285],"governance":[287],"solutions":[288],"structural":[291],"pathway":[292],"failures":[293],"identified.":[294]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2026-11-12T00:00:00"}